RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether family integrated care (FICare) is feasible and improves the outcomes of preterm infants in China. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter prospective cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing FICare and standard care. The primary outcome was length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were nosocomial infections, duration of supplemental oxygen, breastfeeding, and weight gain. Outcomes were compared using univariate and multivariable analyses adjusted for potential confounders and clustering. RESULTS: We enrolled 601 preterm infants from 11 neonatal intensive care units (FICare, n = 298; control, n = 303). The unadjusted LOS was 30.81 vs 30.26 days (mean ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.85-1.22; P = .85). After adjustment, outcomes in the FICare group were improved compared with the control group, including LOS (28.26 vs 35.04 days; mean ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.91), total medical expenditures (mean ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.90), weight gain velocity (15.73 vs 10.30 g/day; mean difference, 5.43; 95% CI, 3.65-7.21), duration of supplemental oxygen (13.11 vs 21.42 days; mean difference, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50-1.00), nosocomial infection rates (4.13 vs 5.84/1000 hospital days; mean ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.96), antibiotic exposure (38.63 vs 57.32/100 hospital days; mean ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.96), breastfeeding rates (87.25% vs 55.78%; OR, 5.42; 95% CI, 3.25-9.05), and rehospitalization rates (3.65% vs 7.48%; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28-0.77). At follow-up to 18 months, breastfeeding rates and weight were significantly (P < .05) higher over time in the FICare group. CONCLUSIONS: FICare was feasible in Chinese neonatal intensive care units and was associated with reduced hospital LOS, medical expenditures, and rates of adverse outcomes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been attracted more scientific attentions due to its critical role in enhancement of drought tolerance of plants for growth and vegetation restoration in karst fragile ecosystem. However, scientists know little about the AMF composition and diversity occurring in root systems of mulberry (Morus sp.), and in karst habitats which return land use from mulberry forestry, as well as the effects of soil environment change on the diversity of the AMF communities. To understand: (1) the AMF community composition and diversity at different stage of returning cropland to forest; and (2) the effects of soil environment change on the diversity of the AMF communities, soil and mulberry root samples were collected from Bijie and Libo sites, China, which experienced one and ten years, respectively, after returning croplands to forest. With the high throughput 454-sequencing technology, 8 known genera including 83 virtual species were distinguished and the genera Glomus, Paraglomus, Archaeospora and Diversispora were found to be dominant in soil and root sample. Compared to the samples in Libo, the genera Glomus, Paraglomus, Acaulospora and Claroideoglomus in root samples at Bijie site had a relatively abundance of species indicating that the returning cropland to forest is benefit to the AMF diversity and abundance, which was attribute to the variation of soil physiochemical properties. This conclusion is of great significance for guiding the return of farmland to forests.(AU)

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) tem atraído atenções de cientistas devido ao seu papel fundamental no crescimento e na restauração da vegetação de ecossistemas frágeis. No entanto, o conhecimento da composição e da diversidade da FMA em habitats cársticos e que retornem da agricultura para a silvicultura é limitado. Para entender: (1) a composição da Comunidade FMA e diversidade em fase diferente de retornar cultivo para a floresta; e (2) os efeitos da mudança do ambiente do solo sobre a diversidade das comunidades FMA, mostras de solo e de raiz de amoreira (Morus sp.) foram coletadas em Bijie e Libo, China, após um e dez anos de retorno ao cultivo dessa espécie, respectivamente, em sequência ao cultivo agrícola. Utilizando análise molecular e sequenciamento genético, constatou-se oito gêneros conhecidos e a distincão de oitenta e três espécies de FMA. Os gêneros Glomus, Paraglomus, Archaeospora e Diversispora foram dominantes, em solo e raízes. Em comparação as amostras de Libo, os gêneros Glomus, Paraglomus, Acaulospora e Claroideoglomus foram relativamente abundante nas raízes coletadas em Bijie, indicando que o retorno de uma área agrícola para o cultivo de amoreira é benéfico para a diversidade dos FMA, o que é atribuído as propriedades físico-químicas do solo. Essa conclusão é de grande importância para avaliar os efeitos do tipo de uso agrícola na microbiologia do solo.(AU)

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been attracted more scientific attentions due to its critical role in enhancement of drought tolerance of plants for growth and vegetation restoration in karst fragile ecosystem. However, scientists know little about the AMF composition and diversity occurring in root systems of mulberry (Morus sp.), and in karst habitats which return land use from mulberry forestry, as well as the effects of soil environment change on the diversity of the AMF communities. To understand: (1) the AMF community composition and diversity at different stage of returning cropland to forest; and (2) the effects of soil environment change on the diversity of the AMF communities, soil and mulberry root samples were collected from Bijie and Libo sites, China, which experienced one and ten years, respectively, after returning croplands to forest. With the high throughput 454-sequencing technology, 8 known genera including 83 virtual species were distinguished and the genera Glomus, Paraglomus, Archaeospora and Diversispora were found to be dominant in soil and root sample. Compared to the samples in Libo, the genera Glomus, Paraglomus, Acaulospora and Claroideoglomus in root samples at Bijie site had a relatively abundance of species indicating that the returning cropland to forest is benefit to the AMF diversity and abundance, which was attribute to the variation of soil physiochemical properties. This conclusion is of great significance for guiding the return of farmland to forests.

RESUMO: Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) tem atraído atenções de cientistas devido ao seu papel fundamental no crescimento e na restauração da vegetação de ecossistemas frágeis. No entanto, o conhecimento da composição e da diversidade da FMA em habitats cársticos e que retornem da agricultura para a silvicultura é limitado. Para entender: (1) a composição da Comunidade FMA e diversidade em fase diferente de retornar cultivo para a floresta; e (2) os efeitos da mudança do ambiente do solo sobre a diversidade das comunidades FMA, mostras de solo e de raiz de amoreira (Morus sp.) foram coletadas em Bijie e Libo, China, após um e dez anos de retorno ao cultivo dessa espécie, respectivamente, em sequência ao cultivo agrícola. Utilizando análise molecular e sequenciamento genético, constatou-se oito gêneros conhecidos e a distincão de oitenta e três espécies de FMA. Os gêneros Glomus, Paraglomus, Archaeospora e Diversispora foram dominantes, em solo e raízes. Em comparação as amostras de Libo, os gêneros Glomus, Paraglomus, Acaulospora e Claroideoglomus foram relativamente abundante nas raízes coletadas em Bijie, indicando que o retorno de uma área agrícola para o cultivo de amoreira é benéfico para a diversidade dos FMA, o que é atribuído as propriedades físico-químicas do solo. Essa conclusão é de grande importância para avaliar os efeitos do tipo de uso agrícola na microbiologia do solo.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lead exposure in adults is associated with hypertension. Altered prenatal nutrition is associated with subsequent risks of adult hypertension, but little is known about whether prenatal exposure to toxicants, such as lead, may also confer such risks. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship of prenatal lead exposure and blood pressure (BP) in 7- to 15-year-old boys and girls. METHODS: We evaluated 457 mother-child pairs, originally recruited for an environmental birth cohort study between 1994 and 2003 in Mexico City, at a follow-up visit in 2008-2010. Prenatal lead exposure was assessed by measurement of maternal tibia and patella lead using in vivo K-shell X-ray fluorescence and cord blood lead using atomic absorption spectrometry. BP was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer with appropriate-size cuffs. RESULTS: Adjusting for relevant covariates, maternal tibia lead was significantly associated with increases in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in girls but not in boys (p-interaction with sex = 0.025 and 0.007 for SBP and DBP, respectively). Among girls, an interquartile range increase in tibia lead (13 µg/g) was associated with 2.11-mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 3.52] and 1.60-mmHg (95% CI: 0.28, 2.91) increases in SBP and DBP, respectively. Neither patella nor cord lead was associated with child BP. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal tibia lead, which reflects cumulative environmental lead exposure and a source of exposure to the fetus, is a predisposing factor to higher BP in girls but not boys. Sex-specific adaptive responses to lead toxicity during early-life development may explain these differences.

Assuntos