RESUMO
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as cells shed from solid tumor into the vasculature, play a significant role in tumor metastasis. In the peripheral blood, immune cells and stromal cells can interact with CTCs and influence their biological behaviors of survival, proliferation, dissemination, and immune evasion. These peripheral blood cells can evolve synergistically with CTCs to constitute the liquid microenvironment which is essential for tumor progression. Here, we review the mechanisms of peripheral blood cells interacting with CTCs and uncover their effects on both CTCs and tumor metastasis. Then, we introduce the applications of these CTC-associated peripheral blood cells in the clinical setting. Besides, some peripheral blood cell subsets are of additional clinical values to CTCs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. To improve the clinical utility of CTCs, an integrative analysis of CTCs and associated peripheral blood cells should be advocated for, which could provide a novel insight into tumor biology and offer comprehensive information in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy efficacy evaluation.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Células Sanguíneas/patologia , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Biópsia Líquida , Neoplasias/sangue , PrognósticoRESUMO
Studying thermotolerance is important for the prevention of thermostress in chickens. This study aimed to analyze the effect of mutations in the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene on chicken thermotolerance. The C.-69A>G SNP in the 5'-flanking region of the HSP70 gene was genotyped in Lingshan and White Recessive Rock (WRR) chickens. Association of this SNP with thermotolerance traits revealed it to be significantly associated with CD4+/CD8+, and potentially associated with heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in WRR chickens exposed to thermoneutral temperature (15°C). Online prediction detected a putative myeloid zinc finger protein 1 binding factor in the C.-69A>G mutation. Under acute thermostress, mRNA levels of HSP70 in individuals with different C.-69A>G genotypes varied in the heart, leg muscle, and liver tissues. The HSP70 protein was expressed at higher levels in individuals with the GG genotype than in those with the AA genotype. In heart and liver, protein expression of HSP70 in individuals with the GG genotype was significantly higher than in those with the AA genotype. In leg muscle, protein expression was higher in birds with the GG genotype than in those with the AA and AG genotypes. Luciferase activity of the GG genotype was significantly higher than that of the AA genotype, suggesting that the C.-69A>G SNP regulates HSP70 gene expression. These results indicate that the C.-69A>G SNP in the 5'-flanking region of the HSP70 gene might affect chicken thermotolerance and that the GG genotype might be advantageous for the prevention of thermostress.
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Termotolerância/genética , Região 5'-Flanqueadora , Animais , Galinhas/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Mutação , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of diagnosing and locating lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) fusion imaging with 99mTc labeled red blood cells ((99m)Tc-RBC). Fifty-six patients with suspected lower GI bleeding received a preoperative intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-RBC and each underwent planar, SPECT/CT imaging of the lower abdominal region. The location and path of lower GI bleeding were diagnosed by contrastive analysis of planar and SPECT/CT fusion imaging. Among the 56 patients selected, there were abnormalities in concentrated radionuclide activity with planar imaging in 50 patients and in SPECT/CT fusion imaging in 52 patients. Moreover, bleeding points that were coincident with the surgical results were evident with planar imaging in 31 patients and with SPECT/CT fusion imaging in 48 patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of planar imaging and SPECT/CT fusion imaging were 89.3% (50/56) and 92.9% (52/56), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ(2) = 0.11, P > 0.05). The corresponding positional accuracy values were 73.8% (31/42) and 92.3% (48/52), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.63, P < 0.05). (99m)Tc- RBC SPECT/CT fusion imaging is an effective, simple, and accurate method that can be used for diagnosing and locating lower GI bleeding.
Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We cloned the goose heat shock protein 70 gene (HSP70), to determine its sequence variation and elucidate its mRNA expression. We designed primers to amplify the entire goose HSP70 sequence. We used 10 commercial Wuzong goslings in a heat-stress experiment. We collected tissue samples for RNA extraction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We analyzed the variation in expression of goose HSP70 before and after heat stress. We constructed a DNA pool from six different species, for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screening. We detected 18 SNPs and selected three of these SNPs for correlation analysis with biological and immune traits in 200 Wuzong geese. We showed that T+237C was significantly correlated with the serum corticosterone level, whereas T+1122C was significantly correlated with the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Goose HSP70 contained no introns. The results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant gender differences in the expression of goose HSP70 at 40°C but not at 25°C; moreover, in general, expression was significantly higher at 40°C than at 25°C. With the exception of the leg muscle and cerebellum, HSP70 expression was significantly higher in male geese than in female geese. Our results indicate that goose HSP70 plays an important role in response to severe heat stress.
Assuntos
Gansos/genética , Gansos/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/sangue , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Feminino , Gansos/sangue , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/fisiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/imunologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different methods of anesthesia on patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which could lead to an improvement in postoperative outcomes in these patients. A total of 90 patients undergoing an operation while being treated for an HIV infection were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups (N = 30/group) based on the type of anesthesia administered: general anesthesia, local anesthesia, and combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA). The effects of local infiltration of anesthesia and peripheral nerve block local anesthesia were examined in the local anesthesia group. The CSEA group examined the effects of spinal anesthesia in HIV-infected patients. We compared the vital signs of the three groups during the preoperative period, at incision, and during the postoperative recovery period. The CSEA group had a significantly higher mean preoperative CD4(+) T lymphocyte count compared with the general anesthesia and local anesthesia groups (P < 0.05). We found that the three kinds of anesthesia methods administered to HIV-infected patients could be used with considerable safety and can be selected according to the clinical need and type of surgical procedure.
Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Raquianestesia/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , HIV/patogenicidade , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/virologia , Período Pré-OperatórioRESUMO
This study investigated the changes in peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) in the penumbra after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and examined the effects of astragaloside IV (AST) on PBRs in rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham operation group, a model group, and three AST treatment groups. Cerebral ischemic models were induced by the clue-blocked method. Neurological deficits were examined. The animals were sacrificed after 2 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion, and mitochondria from the penumbra were purified. PBR density (Bmax) and affinity were measured by radioligand assays. Mitochondrial [(3)H]PK11195 binding was correlated with neurological deficits in rats. Compared to the model group, the 10 mg/kg AST group, 40 mg/kg AST group, and 100 mg/kg AST group had fewer neurological deficits. The effects in the 40 mg/ kg group did not significantly differ from the effects in the 100 mg/ kg group. Compared to the model group, the 10 mg/kg AST group, 40 mg/kg group, and 100 mg/kg group had a decreased Bmax in the penumbra. The Bmax decreased in the 40 mg/kg AST group and in the 100 mg/kg AST group compared with the 10 mg/kg group. The Bmax and neurological deficits in the 40 mg/kg did not significantly differ from those in the 100 mg/kg group. By contrast, the AST-treated rats showed no significant changes in the binding parameter equilibrium dissociation constant compared with those in the sham operation group and the model group. AST protects ischemic brain tissue by inhibiting PBR expression after cerebral ischemia.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Encéfalo/patologia , Receptores de GABA-A/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Saponinas/uso terapêutico , Triterpenos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Feminino , Isoquinolinas , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/farmacologia , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Trítio/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the effect of intracoronary application of tirofiban on platelet alpha-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) and myocardial perfusion levels during emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 70 patients who accepted emergency PCI treatment were randomly divided into tirofiban and control groups. We determined GMP-140 and troponin I (cTnI) levels before and 12 h after surgery, as well as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels 1 and 7 days after surgery in the two groups. The results showed that GMP-140 and cTnI levels were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the tirofiban group than in the control group 12 h after operation (17.99 ± 1.01 vs 24.56 ± 1.96 µg/L and 50.96 ± 2.20 vs 58.69 ± 2.34 ng/mL, respectively). The D-value of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels between 1 and 7 days after operation was significantly higher in the tirofiban group than in the control group (894.19 ± 90.91 vs 829.50 ± 84.18 pg/mL; P < 0.01). The intracoronary application of tirofiban during emergency PCI clearly reduced the GMP-140 level, inhibited the activation function of platelets, improved myocardial perfusion, and helped recover cardiac function in patients.
Assuntos
Emergências , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Selectina-P/metabolismo , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miocárdio/patologia , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Perfusão , Tirofibana , Troponina I/metabolismo , Tirosina/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to estimate changes in HSF3 and HSP70 mRNA expression in stress-sensitive tissues of 2 chicken breeds during acute heat stress. Lingshan chickens (LSC) and White Recessive Rock (WRR) (24 chickens of each breed) were randomly divided into 4 groups (0, 2, 3, and 6 h of heat treatment). With increasing heat treatment time, both HSF3 and HSP70 expression first declined and then showed a significant increase in both breeds. However, HSP70 expression decreased in the heart following 6 h of heat treatment, whereas HSF3 expression continued to increase. After 2 h of heat treatment, HSF3 expression was significantly higher in the brain and leg muscle of LSC compared to WRR (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In comparison, HSP70 expression was significantly higher in the liver and leg muscle of WRR compared to LSC (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). After 3 h of heat treatment, HSF3 expression was significantly higher in the brain and leg muscle of LSC compared to WRR (P < 0.01). In comparison, HSP70 expression was significantly higher in the liver and heart of LSC compared to WRR (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the expression of HSF3 and HSP70 mRNA in LSC and WRR exhibit species-specific and tissue-specific differences during heat treatment.