RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of LRRC4 in nasopharyngeal carcinomas, nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions, and nasopharyngitis as well as the clinical significance of LRRC4. Fifty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected as study subjects; 28 patients with chronic nasopharyngitis and 22 patients with nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions served as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to study protein expression of LRRC4; the relation between LRRC4 expression and the clinical stage and histopathological features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was also analyzed. The LRRC4 expression manifested itself as yellow staining in the cytoplasm or nucleus. LRRC4 was strongly expressed in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues of patients with chronic nasopharyngitis and in nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions; the rates of positive results were 82.1 and 81.8%, respectively. LRRC4 was weakly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, at a rate of 10% positive results (P< 0.001); there was no significant difference in the expression of LRRC4 among different clinical stages and pathological grades. Therefore, disappearance of LRRC4 expression is a major feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Assuntos
Doenças Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Adulto , Carcinoma , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa/metabolismo , Mucosa/patologia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Doenças Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Doenças Nasofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Nasofaringite/diagnóstico , Nasofaringite/genética , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Prognóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The gene glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A (GRIN2A) is associated with development and neuron viability, and our previous studies showed it to be substantially methylated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, indicating a link to this disease. The aim of this work was to investigate GRIN2A expression and its clinical significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, in contrast to nasopharyngitis and nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions. Fifty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected as study subjects, while 28 chronic nasopharyngitis patients and 22 individuals with nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions were used as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to study GRIN2A protein expression, and its relationship with nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinical stage and histopathological features were assessed. GRIN2A appeared as yellow staining in the cytoplasm or nucleus. It was strongly expressed in the nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues of patients with chronic nasopharyngitis and in nasopharyngeal precancerous lesions, the proportions of GRIN2A-positive cells being 82.1 and 72.7%, respectively. However, it was weakly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, with 28.0% of cells testing positive (P < 0.001). No significant difference in the expression of GRIN2A was observed between different clinical stages and pathological grades. We conclude that weak GRIN2A expression is a major feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Assuntos
Doenças Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Doenças Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Adulto , Carcinoma , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Doenças Nasofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Prognóstico , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Radix bupleuri (Chaihu), the dried root of the Bupleurum plant, is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of 11 Bupleurum strains, originating from 7 provinces in China, using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. A total of 274 polymorphic bands were obtained using 6 primer combinations, indicating a high level of polymorphism across all strains. An estimation of the relative relationships among strains revealed genetic distances ranging from 0.2183 to 0.7372, with an average of 0.4161. The 2 most closely related varieties were Bupleurum chinense DC. strains collected from Lushi, Henan, and Zhangjiakou, Hebei, with a genetic nearness of 0.2183. Hierarchical clustering divided the strains into 3 main groups, with B. falcatum L. from Hebei and Liaoning Provinces forming a cluster that diverged from that of B. smithii Wolff. and B. chinense DC. B. falcatum L. (Sandao chaihu), collected from Heze, Shandong, clustered independently of the other strains, suggesting that this strain may have been introduced from a different location or that it arose as a result of intraspecific variation. B. smithii Wolff. (Hei chaihu) was closely associated with B. scorzonerifolium Willd. (Nan chaihu) and B. chinense DC. (Bei chaihu), suggesting a common genetic origin.
Assuntos
Bupleurum/genética , Variação Genética , Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Bupleurum/classificação , Análise por Conglomerados , FilogeniaRESUMO
Garlic (Allium sativum) is propagated asexually. Since sexual cross breeding is almost impossible, means for effective breeding are not currently available and the available production cultivars are seriously aged and degenerated. A possible alternative for breeding is chemical induction. Trifluralin, a type of herbicide, has been reported to provoke chromosome doubling. However, this chemical had not been tested on garlic. We tested various trifluralin concentrations and treatment durations for efficiency in the induction of tetraploid garlic. A clove base of garlic with a stem cv. Gailiang was used as the ex-plant to induce calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium; the calluses were then inoculated onto MS medium containing different levels of trifluralin and cultured to induce chromosome number variation in vitro. Garlic calluses were effectively induced via the ex-plant and both shoots and roots differentiated well on MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine at 3.0 mg/L and indole-3-acetic acid at 0.1 mg/L. However, increases in trifluralin concentration and treatment duration reduced the survival rate and differentiation rate of calluses. Garlic callus cultured for 15 days on medium containing 100 µM trifluralin gave the highest rate of chromosome doubling. Through observation of chromosome number in the root apical cells and the morphology of guard cells on the leaf epidermis of the regenerated plantlets, it was clear that chromosome number variation was induced and tetraploids were produced in vitro by trifluralin treatment.