RESUMO

The ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement procedure is common throughout the world, with a prevalence of approximately 30,000 procedures per year in the United States (5). However, the rate of complications is still important and must be remembered, with a percentage of 11 to 25% after the first year of implantation. Abdominal complications are described in 5-47% of the cases (6), and the abdominal pseudocyst is one of them. We present the case of a patient colonized by multidrug-resistant bacteria, who underwent exteriorization surgery of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Intraoperatively, a blue coloration was observed in the catheter, a phenomenon previously described in urinary infections (1)(2) but not before in pathologies of the central nervous system. Our objective is to present an atypical case of dysfunction of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, whose diagnosis couldbe evidenced through the coloration of the catheter exteriorized in surgery.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prototheca spp. cause numerous infections in a wide variety of species, including treatment-unresponsive mastitis. Thus, the search for an effective therapy is essential. Silver nanoparticles are compounds with high therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility profile and morphological changes in Prototheca spp. treated with biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNP). The algaecide activity was evaluated in microplates by microdilution method, resulting in a MIC50 of 30 µg ml-1 and a MIC90 of 60 µg ml-1 . Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated changes in the surface of Prototheca bovis cells following treatment. The algaecide activity of Bio-AgNP suggests a therapeutic potential as a novel approach for the control of Prototheca spp. in bovine mastitis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Dental trauma is a highly prevalent problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of trauma to anterior primary teeth and its sequelae for primary and successor teeth over a 10-year period of assistance at the paediatric dental traumatology clinic in the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the dental records of children assisted from 2006 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were trauma to anterior primary teeth; aged <1 to 9 years at the time of trauma; and at least one follow-up appointment. The data concerning traumatized teeth, child's age, soft tissue injuries, types of traumatic dental injuries and sequelae in both dentitions were collected. RESULTS: Of the 1230 dental records, 483 (39.3%) were eligible, consisting of 815 teeth. The mean age at the time of trauma was 37.4 months (239 males and 244 females). The most important characteristics were: tooth 51 was most affected; falls, at home, on a ceramic floor, were the main cause; gingival laceration, enamel fracture and intrusive luxation were the most frequent types of trauma; premature tooth loss of primary teeth and enamel discoloration in their successor were the most frequent sequelae; and injuries in the periodontal tissue were demonstrated as the highest risk for sequelae in successors (OR, 3.798; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most traumatic injuries occur in young children, in their home environment. Consequences for the primary teeth were more frequent compared to the permanent successor tooth. Traumatized primary teeth involving periodontal tissue have more chances to result in sequelae to their successor teeth.

Assuntos

RESUMO

There is a trend to reduce the space allowance per animal in cattle feedlot, despite its potential negative impact on animal welfare. Aiming to evaluate the effects of space allowance per animal in outdoor feedlots on beef cattle welfare, a total of 1350 Nellore bulls (450 pure and 900 crossbred) were confined for 12 weeks using three space allowances: 6 (SA6), 12 (SA12) and 24 (SA24) m2/animal (n = 450 per treatment). Bulls were housed in three pens per treatment (n = 150 per pen). The first 6 weeks in the feedlot were defined as 'dry' and the last as 'rainy' period, according to the accumulated precipitation. Animal-based (body cleanliness, health indicators and maintenance behaviour) and environmental-based indicators (mud depth and air dust concentration) were assessed weekly during the feedlot period. Most of the health indicators (nasal and ocular discharge, hoof and locomotion alterations, diarrhoea, bloated rumen and breathing difficulty) were assessed in a subset of 15 animals randomly selected from each pen. Coughs and sneezes were counted in each pen. Maintenance behaviours (number of animals lying and attending the feed bunk) were recorded with scan sampling and instantaneous recording at 20-min intervals. Postmortem assessments were carried out in all animals by recording the frequencies of macroscopic signs of bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, nephritis and urinary cyst and by measuring the weight and cortical and medullar areas of adrenal glands (n = 30 per pen). Compared with SA12 and SA24, SA6 showed a greater number of sneezes per minute during the dry period and a greater percentage of animals with locomotion alterations during the rainy period. Coughing, diarrhoea and nasal discharge affected a larger number of animals in the SA6 relative to the other two groups. During the rainy period, there was a lower percentage of animals with nasal and ocular discharge, and a greater percentage of animals with abnormal hoof and lying. A lower percentage of animals in SA6 and SA12 (but not SA24) attended the feed bunk during the rainy relative to the dry period. A mud depth score of 0 (no mud) was most frequent in SA24 pens, followed by SA12 and then SA6. Adrenal gland weight and cortical area were lower in SA24 animals compared with those in SA6 and SA12. The results show that decreasing the space allowance for beef cattle in outdoor feedlots degrades the feedlot environment and impoverishes animal welfare.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this article, we describe a new safe entry point for the posterolateral pons. METHODS: To show the adjacent anatomy and measure the part of the interpeduncular sulcus that can be safely accessed, we first performed a review of the literature regarding the pons anatomy and its surgical approaches. Thereafter, 1 human cadaveric head and 15 (30 sides) human brainstems with attached cerebellums were bilaterally dissected with the fiber microdissection technique. A clinical correlation was made with an illustrative case of a dorsolateral pontine World Health Organization grade I astrocytoma. RESULTS: The safe distance for accessing the interpeduncular sulcus was found to extend from the caudal end of the lateral mesencephalic sulcus to the point at which the intrapontine segment of the trigeminal nerve crosses the interpeduncular sulcus. The mean distance was 8.2 mm (range, 7.15-8.85 mm). Our interpeduncular sulcus safe entry zone can be exposed through a paramedian infratentorial supracerebellar approach. When additional exposure is required, the superior portion of the quadrangular lobule of the cerebellar hemispheric tentorial surface can be removed. In the presented case, surgical resection of the tumor was performed achieving a gross total resection, and the patient was discharged without neurologic deficit. CONCLUSIONS: The interpeduncular sulcus safe entry zone provides an alternative direct route for treating intrinsic pathologic entities situated in the posterolateral tegmen of the pons between the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles. The surgical corridor provided by this entry point avoids most eloquent neural structures, thereby preventing surgical complications.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The BW has been largely used as a selection criterion in genetic selection programmes; however, increases in BW can affect animal metabolism and metabolites. The knowledge of how genetic potential for growth affects the metabolites can give a footprint of growth metabolism. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic potential for post-weaning growth (GG) on performance, carcass traits and serum metabolome of non-castrated Nellore males during the finishing phase. Forty-eight Nellore non-castrated males, with divergent potential for post-weaning growth, were selected and divided into two groups: high potential for post-weaning growth (HG; n = 24) and low potential for post-weaning growth (LG; n = 24). Animals were kept and fed for 90 days where performance and ultrasound carcass traits were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of feeding period to analyse serum metabolites concentration. The hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were recorded at slaughter. The feedlot performance and carcass traits were not affected by genetic potential. The HG animals had a lower glucose (P = 0.039), glutamate (P = 0.038), glutamine (P = 0.004), greater betaine (P = 0.039) and pyruvate (P = 0.039) compared to the LG group at the beginning of feedlot. In addition, higher creatine phosphate concentrations were observed at the beginning of feeding period, compared to final, for both groups (P = 0.039). In conclusion, the genetic potential for post-weaning growth does not affect performance and carcass traits during the finishing period. Differences in metabolite concentrations can be better found at the beginning of feedlot, providing a footprint of growth metabolism, but similar metabolite concentration at the end of finishing period.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the Amazon and Orinoco basins, mercury has been released from artisanal and industrial gold mining since the Colonial time, as well as a result of deforestation and burning of primary forest, that release natural deposits of methyl mercury, affecting the local aquatic vertebrate fauna. This study reports the presence of mercury in river dolphins' genera Inia and Sotalia. Mercury concentrations were analysed in muscle tissue samples collected from 46 individuals at the Arauca and Orinoco Rivers (Colombia), the Amazon River (Colombia), a tributary of the Itenez River (Bolivia) and from the Tapajos River (Brazil). Ranges of total mercury (Hg) concentration in muscle tissue of the four different taxa sampled were: I. geoffrensis humboldtiana 0.003-3.99 mg kg-1 ww (n = 21, Me = 0.4), I. g. geoffrensis 0.1-2.6 mg kg-1 ww (n = 15, Me = 0.55), I. boliviensis 0.03-0.4 mg kg-1 ww (n = 8, Me = 0.1) and S. fluviatilis 0.1-0.87 mg kg-1 ww (n = 2, Me = 0.5). The highest Hg concentration in our study was obtained at the Orinoco basin, recorded from a juvenile male of I. g. humboldtiana (3.99 mg kg-1 ww). At the Amazon basin, higher concentrations of mercury were recorded in the Tapajos River (Brazil) from an adult male of I. g. geoffrensis (2.6 mg kg-1 ww) and the Amazon River from an adult female of S. fluviatilis (0.87 mg kg-1 ww). Our data support the presence of total Hg in river dolphins distributed across the evaluated basins, evidencing the role of these cetaceans as sentinel species and bioindicators of the presence of this heavy metal in natural aquatic environments.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this paper we studied the reversal magnetization of La1-x Sr x Fe0.5Cr0.5O3-δ (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) samples produced by combustion synthesis. The structural analysis was carried out by x-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis. These analyses revealed that all samples have an orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm (62) and that the Sr-doping induces a decrease of the lattice parameter. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that the Sr-doping favor the change of the valence states of the Fe3+ to Fe4+. The magnetization as a function of the temperature reveals an unusual magnetic behavior with a reversal of magnetization. The increase of the Sr content induces a decrease of the temperature where occurs an inversion of the magnetization and do the value of the magnetization at 5 K more negative. This effect is attributed to the increase of the concentration of Fe4+ with increasing of the Sr content. The Fe and Cr with a valence of 4+ act as paramagnetic impurities in the antiferromagnetic lattice and are responsible for the changes in the magnetic behavior.

RESUMO

Development of highly active photocatalysts is mandatory for more widespread application of this alternative environmental technology. Synthesis of photocatalysts, such as anatase TiO2, with more reactive, non-equilibrium, crystallographic facets is theoretically justified by a more efficient interfacial charge transfer to reactive adsorbed species, increasing quantum efficiency of photocatalyst. Air and vacuum calcinations of protonated trititanate nanotubes lead to their transformation to anatase nanorods. The nanorods synthesized by air calcination demonstrate photo-oxidation of NO gas more than three times superior to the one presented by the benchmark P-25 photocatalyst. This performance has been explained in terms of 50% higher specific surface area and, more importantly, through the predominance of more reactive, non-equilibrium, {001} crystallographic facets of the anatase nanorods. These facets present a high density of undercoordinated Ti cations, which favors adsorption of reactant species, and strained Ti-O-Ti bonds, leading to more efficient photo-oxidation reactions. Reduced Ti species, such as Ti3+, were not observed in the as-obtained nanorods, while reactive adsorbed molecules are scarce on the nanorods obtained through vacuum calcination. Dip-coating of TiO2 anatase nanorods (air calcined) over soda-lime glass plates was used to prepare visible light transparent, superhydrophilic and highly adherent photocatalytic coatings with homogenously distributed nanopores.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The friction phenomenon is a ubiquitous manifestation of nature. Models considering phononic, electronic, magnetic, and electrostatic interactions are invoked to explain the fundamental forces involved in the friction phenomenon. In order to establish the incidence of the phonon prompting at the nanoscale friction by direct contact, we study a diamond spherical dome sliding on carbon thin films containing different amount of deuterium and hydrogen. The friction coefficient decreases by substituting hydrogen by deuterium atoms. This result is consistent with an energy dissipation vibration local mechanism from a disordered distribution of bond terminators.