RESUMO
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of prenatal nutritional stimulation at different pregnancy stages on carcass traits and meat quality in bovine progeny. For this purpose, 63 Nellore bulls, born from cows submitted to three nutritional plans, were used: not programmed (NP), which did not receive protein supplementation; partially programmed (PP), which had protein-energy supplementation (0.3% of mean body weight of each batch) only in the final third of pregnancy; and full programming (FP), which received supplementation (0.3% of mean body weight of each batch) throughout pregnancy. The averages of parameters were submitted to the ANOVA, and the supplementation periods, which were different when p value < 0.05, were compared. Carcass weights and rib eye area (REA) did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05), but subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) showed a tendency (p = 0.08) between groups. For lipids and marbling, no differences were found (p > 0.05). In the analyses of maturation time and shelf life, no difference was observed between treatments. However, there was a tendency between treatments at 14 days of maturation time for cooking loss (CL) (p = 0.08). Treatments did not affect shear force in the progenies (p > 0.05). Fetal programming had no effect on the meat quality of Nellore bulls.
RESUMO
The present study estimated genetic parameters and evaluated the genetic and phenotypic correlations between meat quality characteristics of Nellore cattle evaluated at different anatomical points of the longissimus. Data from 1329 Nellore young bulls were used to evaluate, in the 5th and 12th ribs, marbling score (MAR), shear force (SF), cooking weight losses (CWL) and intramuscular fat (IMF). In addition, the subcutaneous fat thickness was measured at the 12th rib (SFT12) and between the last lumbar and the first sacral vertebrae (SFTLR), in the separation of loin and round. Results yielded moderate heritability coefficients for evaluated characteristics, except CWL. High genetic correlations (0.61) were found between measurements of SFT12 and SFTLR. MAR, IMF and SF were evaluated at the 5th and 12th rib. Meat quality and subcutaneous fat thickness measured at different anatomical points of the longissimus are genetically correlated and can be used in genetic selection programs to improve meat quality characteristics in Nellore cattle.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Carne Vermelha/análise , Carne Vermelha/normas , Tecido Adiposo , Animais , Composição Corporal/genética , Brasil , Culinária , Masculino , Músculos Paraespinais/anatomia & histologia , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Gordura Subcutânea/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Industry requires non-destructive real-time methods for quality control of meat in order to improve production efficiency and meet consumer expectations. Near Infrared Hyperspectral Images were used for tenderness evaluation of Nellore beef and the construction of tenderness distribution maps. To investigate whether the selection of the region of interest (ROI) in the image at the exact location where the shear force core was collected improves tenderness prediction and classification models, 50 samples from Longissimus muscle were imaged (1000-2500â¯nm) and shear force were measured (Warner-Bratzler). The data were analyzed by chemometric techniques (Partial Least Squares together with discriminant analysis - PLS-DA). Classification models using local ROI presented better performance than the ROI models of the whole sample (external validation sensitivity for the tough classâ¯=â¯33% and 70%, respectively), but none could be considered as successful model. However, the more general model had better performance in the tenderness distribution maps, with 72% of predicted images correctly classified.
Assuntos
Inspeção de Alimentos/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Carne/análise , Modelos Biológicos , Músculos Paraespinais/química , Matadouros , Animais , Animais Endogâmicos , Brasil , Calibragem , Bovinos , Análise Discriminante , Estudos de Viabilidade , Inspeção de Alimentos/instrumentação , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Análise de Componente Principal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao InfravermelhoRESUMO
Ninety-six feedlot-finished Nellore steers were used to verify the relationship between temperament indicators and meat tenderization. Temperament index (TI), chute score (CS), and average of exit velocity (EV) with CS (AT) presented low positive correlations (P≤0.05) with shear force, either at 2 or 16days postmortem (WBSF-16). The rectal temperature was consistently correlated with temperament indicators (TI, CS, and AT) and WBSF-16. Two groups (n=12) representing the most tender (39.2±4.9N) and most tough meat (94.1±11.8N), based on WBSF-16, were compared for temperament, and calpastatin activity (CASTa) was determined 48h postmortem. The tender group presented lower EV, TI, and AT (P≤0.05). The tender group exhibited lower (P≤0.05) CASTa in the triceps brachii muscle, but there was no difference in CASTa in the longissimus lumborum muscle between WBSF groups. Meat tenderness and inhibitory activity of calpastatin may be associated with divergent temperament indices in zebu cattle.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Carne Vermelha/análise , Temperamento , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Bovinos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/químicaRESUMO
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of chopped hay levels in high-concentrate diets with whole corn grain (WCG) on performance and carcass traits of finishing Nellore cattle. One hundred and eight 24-month-old Nellore intact males (453 ± 75 kg) were fed one of three WCG-based diets that differed in roughage level: without roughage (WCG), with 5% chopped hay included (WCG5), or with 12% chopped hay included (WCG12) in a block design (based on initial body weight) for 86 days. Animals fed WCG5 or WCG12 had significantly improved on final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage when compared to those fed WCG. The Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.1108), backfat thickness (BFT; P = 0.6089), and rump fat thickness (P = 0.1798) were not affected by roughage levels. Therefore, using WCG diets without roughage negatively affects the performance of feedlot Nellore cattle but does not affect carcass traits and does lead to the minimum BFT required by the industry.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Bovinos/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Fibras na Dieta/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Brasil , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) images as a tool for monitoring body surface temperature and to study its relationship with residual feed intake (RFI) in Nellore cattle. We also evaluated IRT as an indicator of feed efficiency in Bos indicus cattle. In this study, 144 Nellore steers were fed high-concentrate diets for 70 days to evaluate feedlot performance. We examined nine animals classified as high RFI and nine animals classified as low RFI by measuring rectal temperature (RT), respiratory frequency (RF), and IRT in the front, eye, ocular area, cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet. The measurements were taken at 0700, 1200, and 1600 hours. The IRT temperatures measured at the eye, cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet were positively associated with RF and RT. These results indicate that increases in the temperatures are associated with increased RF and RT. There was an effect in the RFI group in the front region where IRT correlates with RT. The front IRT for high-RFI cattle was lower (P < 0.01) than that for low-RFI cattle. The higher skin temperature measured by IRT for animals in the RFI group may be related to improved efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms because the RT remained lower in the low-RFI group. IRT can be used in the head for studies related to RFI in beef cattle.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Temperatura Cutânea , Termografia , Ração Animal , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Raios Infravermelhos , Masculino , Clima TropicalRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, apparent digestibility, and carcass and meat traits of lambs fed high-concentrate diets (92.65%) containing different cereal grains (ground corn, whole grain corn, whole grain sorghum, or replacement of 40% whole grain corn with whole grain millet). Twenty-four feedlot intact lambs of undefined breed, with a body weight of 22.35 ± 3,.71 kg, kept in individual pens for 56 days were allocated in a completely randomized design. Dry matter intake expressed as a percentage of body weight was higher (P=0.0046) for the diets containing sorghum and ground corn (3.73% and 3.39%, respectively) compared to the diets containing millet and whole grain corn (3.23% and 3.13%, respectively). Feed efficiency was higher (P=0.014) for whole grain corn and millet (0.293 and 0.269, respectively) and lower for ground corn and sorghum (0.247 and 0.226, respectively). The apparent digestibility of organic matter, dry matter and crude protein was lower for the sorghum diet (P=0.0003). The carcass traits, meat cuts traits or objective longissimus muscle tenderness were not influenced by the diets offered to the animals. Meat color (P 0.0001) and luminosity (P=0.0063) were improved with inclusion of whole grains. The use of whole corn and millet grains is recommended for the feeding of feedlot lambs considering their nutritional benefits, fe
Objetivou-se avaliar desempenho, digestibilidade aparente, características de carcaça e da carne de cordeiros alimentados com dietas de alta proporção de concentrado (92,65%) contendo grãos de diferentes cereais (grão moído de milho; grão inteiro de milho; grão inteiro de sorgo; ou substituição de 40% do grão inteiro do milho por grão inteiro de milheto). Foram utilizados vinte e quatro machos inteiros, sem raça definida, com peso corporal de 22,35 ± 3,71 kg, confinados em baias individuais por 56 dias, alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O consumo de matéria seca em porcentagem do peso corporal foi maior (P=0,0046) para as dietas com sorgo e grão moído de milho, 3,73% e 3,39%, que para milheto e grão inteiro de milho, 3,23% e 3,13%. A eficiência alimentar foi maior (P=0,0140) para grão inteiro de milho e milheto, 0,293 e 0,269, e menor para grão moído de milho e sorgo, 0,247 e 0,226. Adigestibilidade aparente da matéria orgânica, matéria seca e proteína bruta foram menores (P=0,0003) para a dieta com sorgo. As características de carcaça e dos cortes cárneos não foram influenciadas pelas dietas fornecidas aos animais, bem como a maciez objetiva do músculo Longissimus. Os parâmetros de cor e luminosidade da carne foram melhores (P 0,0001; P=0,0063) com a inclusão dos grãos inteiros. Recomenda-se a utilização de grãos inteiros de milho e de milheto na alimentaçã
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, apparent digestibility, and carcass and meat traits of lambs fed high-concentrate diets (92.65%) containing different cereal grains (ground corn, whole grain corn, whole grain sorghum, or replacement of 40% whole grain corn with whole grain millet). Twenty-four feedlot intact lambs of undefined breed, with a body weight of 22.35 ± 3,.71 kg, kept in individual pens for 56 days were allocated in a completely randomized design. Dry matter intake expressed as a percentage of body weight was higher (P=0.0046) for the diets containing sorghum and ground corn (3.73% and 3.39%, respectively) compared to the diets containing millet and whole grain corn (3.23% and 3.13%, respectively). Feed efficiency was higher (P=0.014) for whole grain corn and millet (0.293 and 0.269, respectively) and lower for ground corn and sorghum (0.247 and 0.226, respectively). The apparent digestibility of organic matter, dry matter and crude protein was lower for the sorghum diet (P=0.0003). The carcass traits, meat cuts traits or objective longissimus muscle tenderness were not influenced by the diets offered to the animals. Meat color (P 0.0001) and luminosity (P=0.0063) were improved with inclusion of whole grains. The use of whole corn and millet grains is recommended for the feeding of feedlot lambs considering their nutritional benefits, fe
Objetivou-se avaliar desempenho, digestibilidade aparente, características de carcaça e da carne de cordeiros alimentados com dietas de alta proporção de concentrado (92,65%) contendo grãos de diferentes cereais (grão moído de milho; grão inteiro de milho; grão inteiro de sorgo; ou substituição de 40% do grão inteiro do milho por grão inteiro de milheto). Foram utilizados vinte e quatro machos inteiros, sem raça definida, com peso corporal de 22,35 ± 3,71 kg, confinados em baias individuais por 56 dias, alocados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O consumo de matéria seca em porcentagem do peso corporal foi maior (P=0,0046) para as dietas com sorgo e grão moído de milho, 3,73% e 3,39%, que para milheto e grão inteiro de milho, 3,23% e 3,13%. A eficiência alimentar foi maior (P=0,0140) para grão inteiro de milho e milheto, 0,293 e 0,269, e menor para grão moído de milho e sorgo, 0,247 e 0,226. Adigestibilidade aparente da matéria orgânica, matéria seca e proteína bruta foram menores (P=0,0003) para a dieta com sorgo. As características de carcaça e dos cortes cárneos não foram influenciadas pelas dietas fornecidas aos animais, bem como a maciez objetiva do músculo Longissimus. Os parâmetros de cor e luminosidade da carne foram melhores (P 0,0001; P=0,0063) com a inclusão dos grãos inteiros. Recomenda-se a utilização de grãos inteiros de milho e de milheto na alimentaçã
RESUMO
The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the effect of the corn grain processing (whole grain, dry beans ground, and wet grain) on carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. Twenty-two Dorper vs. Santa Inês uncastrated lambs (27 ± 4 kg BW; ±3 months old) were distributed in a randomized complete block (initial BW). The diets were composed of 20 % protein-mineral pellet, 5 % hay, and 75 % corn in the form of whole grain, ground grain, or wet grain. The harvest weight of animals fed whole corn (50.2 kg) and ground (49.03 kg) were equal and higher than the moisture corn fed lambs (44.89 kg); therefore, the same differences were expected to be seen in the cold vs hot carcass comparison. However, there was no difference between treatments comparing hot or cold carcass performance, averaging 47 and 46 %, respectively. Also unaffected by the treatments were subcutaneous fat thickness values, loin muscle area, pH, temperature, drip loss, water loss by cooking, color, and tenderness. It can be concluded that the shape and size of corn grain in diets of high concentrate resulted in no measurable influence on carcass traits, but whole grain is more easily managed by the producer.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Carne , Ovinos/fisiologia , Zea mays , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Ovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
In the present study, thirty-five Nellore bulls were used to determine the effects of two levels and two sources (organic and inorganic) of Cu supplementation on the oxidative stability of lipids, measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) test, meat colour and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities. The following treatments were used: (1) control (C) - basal diet without supplementation of Cu (7 mg Cu/kg DM); (2) I10 - basal diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate (inorganic form); (3) I40 - basal diet supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper sulphate; (4) O10 - basal diet supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper proteinate (organic form); (5) O40 - basal diet supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM in the form of copper proteinate. Lipid oxidation was determined in meat samples exposed to display, modified atmosphere (MA) and vacuum packaging (VC) conditions and in liver samples using the TBARS test. These samples were also evaluated for meat discolouration after exposure to air. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px enzymes were determined in liver samples. In display, MA and VC conditions, the TBARS values of samples from animals supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM were lower than those of samples from control animals. There was no effect of treatment on the colour variables (L*, a*, b*). There was also no significant effect of treatment on hepatic TBARS concentrations and GSH-Px activity. Supplementation with Cu at 40 mg/kg, regardless of the source, induced higher hepatic SOD activity compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, Cu supplementation improved the oxidative stability of lipids in samples exposed to display, MA and VC conditions, demonstrating the antioxidant effect of this mineral.