RESUMO
The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype main effects and genotype x environment interaction (GGE) models stand out among the linear-bilinear models used in genotype x environment interaction studies. Despite the advantages of their use to describe genotype x environment (AMMI) or genotype and genotype x environment (GGE) interactions, these methods have known limitations that are inherent to fixed effects models, including difficulty in treating variance heterogeneity and missing data. Traditional biplots include no measure of uncertainty regarding the principal components. The present study aimed to apply the Bayesian approach to GGE biplot models and assess the implications for selecting stable and adapted genotypes. Our results demonstrated that the Bayesian approach applied to GGE models with non-informative priors was consistent with the traditional GGE biplot analysis, although the credible region incorporated into the biplot enabled distinguishing, based on probability, the performance of genotypes, and their relationships with the environments in the biplot. Those regions also enabled the identification of groups of genotypes and environments with similar effects in terms of adaptability and stability. The relative position of genotypes and environments in biplots is highly affected by the experimental accuracy. Thus, incorporation of uncertainty in biplots is a key tool for breeders to make decisions regarding stability selection and adaptability and the definition of mega-environments.
Assuntos
Modelos Genéticos , Zea mays/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Meio AmbienteRESUMO
In order to obtain information on the accuracy of activity measurements in Brazilian hospitals, several intercomparison exercises have been organized since 1998. The first exercise consisted of two intercomparison runs of 131I and 99mTc and had the participation of 21 hospitals localized in Rio de Janeiro city and surroundings. The second, with 131I (47 hospitals) and 123I (12 hospitals), had the participation of hospitals localized in the whole country. The results were analyzed under the statistical point of view and conformity to the norms of Regulatory Authority. These results have shown that such exercises are necessary to improve the quality of the measurements and to identify those instruments that are producing incorrect values.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos/análise , Radioisótopos/normas , Radiometria/normas , Brasil , Hospitais , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/análise , Radioisótopos do Iodo/normas , Padrões de Referência , Tecnécio/análise , Tecnécio/normas , Tecnologia RadiológicaRESUMO
Ascariasis is the most common intestinal helminthiasis worldwide. Heavily infected individuals are prone to develop bowel obstruction or perforation as well as biliary disease. Nevertheless, the presence of roundworms in the biliary tree outside endemic areas is very uncommon. The migration of these worms to the biliary system can cause biliary colic, pancreatitis, or even acute suppurative cholangitis with hepatic abscesses and septicemia. We report here on 2 infants with 14 and 15 months and a 9-year-old boy who suffered from massive biliary ascariasis and who presented with acute suppurative cholangitis. All cases were successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with worm extraction and adjuvant medical therapy. Physicians should be aware of ascariasis in patients with pancreatobiliary symptoms who have traveled to endemic areas or in immigrants from these areas.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/terapia , Ascaris lumbricoides , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Colangite/terapia , Colestase/terapia , Animais , Ascaríase/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Colangiografia , Colangite/diagnóstico por imagem , Colestase/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
The authors report the case of a 45-year-old woman who suffered from epigastric pain and was operated on 3 years before for colon cancer. The clinical investigation revealed that the patient had colon cancer metastasis to the dorsal pancreas of a pancreas divisum.