RESUMO
The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid for sanitization of Brazil nuts. To evaluate the natural microbiota of the nuts, the total bacteria and fungi as well as the Aspergillus section Flavi were counted. The moisture, water activity and the presence of aflatoxins was quantified. The response surface method was used to determine the influence of exposure time and sanitizers concentration on the reduction of Aspergillus nomius inoculated on the nuts. Microbiological, sensory and quantification analyzes of aflatoxins were performed under optimum conditions The evaluation of the initial contamination of the nuts, despite presenting high microbiological contamination, humidity and water activity, was not detected aflatoxins in any samples. In artificially inoculated samples, the response surface and the desirability function were obtained to determine the optimal point of use for each sanitizer. The nuts had high microbiological contamination, moisture content and water activity. Aflatoxins were not detected in any samples. The response surface and desirability function indicated the optimal sanitization conditions were 250 mg/L and 8.5 min and 140 mg/L and 15 min for sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid, respectively. Reductions greater than 2 log CFU/g were obtained with sodium hypochlorite and of 1 log CFU/g for peracetic acid. In the tests performed with new Brazil nuts samples under the optimized conditions, reductions of less than 2 log CFU/g were obtained. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in one untreated sample (1.51 µg/kg), one sample treated with sodium hypochlorite (0.60 µg/kg) and two samples treated with peracetic acid (0.64 and 0.72 µg/kg). Demonstrating that the sanitizers in the concentrations used had no action on aflatoxins, despite being efficient for fungal control. The treatments did not cause an unacceptable sensorial impact on the samples.
Assuntos
Aspergillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bertholletia/microbiologia , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Ácido Peracético/farmacologia , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Aflatoxinas/análise , Microbiologia de AlimentosRESUMO
In an attempt to improve the specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), sera from patients with PCM were tested using various approaches, such as sodium metaperiodate antigen (gp43) treatment, a serum absorption process with Candida albicans or Histoplasma capsulatum antigens, and dilution of serum in galactose, the main common epitope among pathogenic fungi. The maximum specificity found in this ELISA was 84%. All of these procedures proved inefficient for eliminating all cross-reacting antibodies and obtaining an ELISA specific for PCM diagnosis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antifúngicos/sangue , Antígenos de Fungos/imunologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/imunologia , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Paracoccidioides/imunologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/diagnóstico , Absorção , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/imunologia , Antígenos de Fungos/química , Reações Cruzadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Glicoproteínas/química , Humanos , Paracoccidioides/isolamento & purificação , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Ácido Periódico , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This paper deals with the organization of the Operational Research Committee implemented at the University Hospital of the University of Säo Paulo in 1993 with the objective of giving logistic support to nurses in the development of their scientific work. It shows the strategies adopted to encouage research among nurses to reach the success of the proposal.
Assuntos
Hospitais Universitários/organização & administração , Pesquisa em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/organização & administração , Humanos , Modelos de Enfermagem , Modelos Organizacionais , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem HospitalarRESUMO
The study reports an experience carried out by the Departamento de Assistência de Enfermagem do Hospital Universitário da USP, the implantation and development of the retrospective auditory process for the evaluation of their activities as an instrument for control and maintenance of the quality of nursing care given the community. It describes the various steps, instruments and reports used, as well as the use of the auditory's findings for reviewing the assistential and educational programs developed by the department.
Assuntos
Hospitais Universitários/organização & administração , Auditoria de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Brasil , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The work relates the implantation and development of the nursing process in school-hospital, analyzed by a point of changing in the nursing department organization. Assuming an innovating nature, the proposal demands an adaptative behavior of the nurse, the nursing and multi-professional staffs, so that implementation of the assistance, in this perspective, can be effective and come to a high quality level. The work still points out, the establishing of the training program and up-to-date nurses program in order to make them cut out for accomplishment of their roles as coordinator of nursing assistance.
Assuntos
Hospitais de Ensino , Processo de Enfermagem , Brasil , Hospitais de Ensino/organização & administração , Humanos , Processo de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Serviço Hospitalar de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Equipe de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The authors analyse the responsibility of the nurse during the administration of drugs and solutions. Three aspects are approached: the ethic aspects of professional attitudes, scientific and iatrogenic.