RESUMO
This study analyzed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) activity and soil chemical properties in Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Bauhinia ungulata, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, and Caesalpinia ferrea. AMF spores, root colonization, total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP), easily extracted GRSP (EE-GRSP), and soil chemical properties were measured four times (July 2019, 2020 and December 2019, 2020). Significant differences were observed in AMF spores, root colonization, T-GRSP, and EE-GRSP among the plant species and across seasons. For soil chemical properties, we observed differences among plant species. During the dry season, B. ungulata and C. pyramidalis had the highest AMF spores and root colonization (57.3 ± 0.27 spores 50 g soil-1 and 48.8 ± 1.05, respectively), whereas during the rainy season, C. pyramidalis and C. ferrea showed the highest AMF spores and root colonization (36.6 ± 0.13 spores 50 g soil-1 and 62.2 ± 1.17, respectively). A. pyrifolium showed the highest T-GRSP in both seasons. On the basis of the soil chemical properties, we found that (i) A. pyrifolium, B. ungulata, and C. ferrea showed the highest soil organic carbon (1.32 ± 0.03 g kg-1), phosphorus (7.01 ± 0.26 mg kg-1), and soil pH (5.85 ± 0.23) and (ii) C. pyramidalis showed the highest Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, H+ + Al3+, K+, and soil total nitrogen (1.36 ± 0.04, 0.73 ± 0.01, 3.72 ± 0.85, 4.56 ± 0.12 cmolc kg-1, 15.43 ± 1.53 mg kg-1, and 0.16 ± 0.01 g kg-1, respectively). Our results highlight the advantage of AMF spores as perennating structures over other AM fungal propagules in seasonal vegetation like Caatinga.
RESUMO
Aquatic macrophytes are widely used as bioindicators of water quality because their proliferation usually occurs in eutrophic water sources and has hit several parts of Brazil and the world, restricted the multiple uses of aquatic ecosystems. However, this group of plants is able to retain considerable amounts of nutrients, presenting high productivity and high growth rate, thus, a good source of biomass for use in the production of substrates. In order to evaluate the potential of aquatic macrophytes water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Solms.), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) and cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) in the production of substrates was performed in this work, the physical and chemical characterization and evaluation of the degree of humification. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial, completely randomized design with three replications. All substrates produced with 100% macrophyte density present within the limits of 400 kg m-3, considered ideal. The composite substrates with water hyacinth and water lettuce are with the electrical conductivity of 0,79 a 2,49 dS m-1 within recommended. organic compounds produced are considered mature and have high levels of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium; The substrate produced with 70% water lettuce +30 % dung and 70% composed of cattail manure +20% +10% topsoil and 70 +30% cattail manure have C/N ratio with
As macrófitas aquáticas são muito utilizadas como bioindicadoras de qualidade da água, pois sua proliferação ocorre geralmente em mananciais eutrofizados e tem atingido diversas partes do Brasil e do mundo, restringido os usos múltiplos de ecossistemas aquáticos. Contudo, esse grupo de plantas é capaz de reter considerável quantidade de nutrientes, apresentando alta produtividade e alta taxa de crescimento, constituindo assim uma boa fonte de biomassa vegetal para ser utilizada na produção de substratos. Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial das macrófitas aquáticas aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes Solms.), alface dágua (Pistia stratiotes L.) e taboa (Typha domingensis Pers.) na produção de substratos, foi realizado, neste trabalho, sua caracterização física e química e avaliação do grau de humificação. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 repetições. Todos os substratos produzidos com 100% macrófita apresentam densidade dentro do limite de 400 kg m-3 considerado ideal. Os substratos compostos com alface dágua e aguapé encontram-se com condutividade elétrica de 0,79 a 2,49 dS m-1, dentro do recomendado. Os compostos orgânicos produzidos são considerados maduros e apresentam elevados teores de nitrogênio fósforo e potássio; O substrato produzido com 70%alface dágua+30%esterco e os compostos por 70%taboa+20%esterco+1
RESUMO
Aquatic macrophytes are widely used as bioindicators of water quality because their proliferation usually occurs in eutrophic water sources and has hit several parts of Brazil and the world, restricted the multiple uses of aquatic ecosystems. However, this group of plants is able to retain considerable amounts of nutrients, presenting high productivity and high growth rate, thus, a good source of biomass for use in the production of substrates. In order to evaluate the potential of aquatic macrophytes water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Solms.), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) and cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) in the production of substrates was performed in this work, the physical and chemical characterization and evaluation of the degree of humification. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial, completely randomized design with three replications. All substrates produced with 100% macrophyte density present within the limits of 400 kg m-3, considered ideal. The composite substrates with water hyacinth and water lettuce are with the electrical conductivity of 0,79 a 2,49 dS m-1 within recommended. organic compounds produced are considered mature and have high levels of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium; The substrate produced with 70% water lettuce +30 % dung and 70% composed of cattail manure +20% +10% topsoil and 70 +30% cattail manure have C/N ratio with
As macrófitas aquáticas são muito utilizadas como bioindicadoras de qualidade da água, pois sua proliferação ocorre geralmente em mananciais eutrofizados e tem atingido diversas partes do Brasil e do mundo, restringido os usos múltiplos de ecossistemas aquáticos. Contudo, esse grupo de plantas é capaz de reter considerável quantidade de nutrientes, apresentando alta produtividade e alta taxa de crescimento, constituindo assim uma boa fonte de biomassa vegetal para ser utilizada na produção de substratos. Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial das macrófitas aquáticas aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes Solms.), alface dágua (Pistia stratiotes L.) e taboa (Typha domingensis Pers.) na produção de substratos, foi realizado, neste trabalho, sua caracterização física e química e avaliação do grau de humificação. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 repetições. Todos os substratos produzidos com 100% macrófita apresentam densidade dentro do limite de 400 kg m-3 considerado ideal. Os substratos compostos com alface dágua e aguapé encontram-se com condutividade elétrica de 0,79 a 2,49 dS m-1, dentro do recomendado. Os compostos orgânicos produzidos são considerados maduros e apresentam elevados teores de nitrogênio fósforo e potássio; O substrato produzido com 70%alface dágua+30%esterco e os compostos por 70%taboa+20%esterco+1