RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Food intake biomarkers are used to estimate dietary exposure; however, selecting a single biomarker to evaluate a specific dietary component is difficult due to the overlap of diverse compounds from different foods. Therefore, combining two or more biomarkers can increase the sensitivity and specificity of food intake estimates. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of metabolite panels to distinguish between self-reported fruit consumers and non-consumers among participants in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 93 healthy adults of both sexes were selected from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. A 24-h dietary recall was obtained using the computer-assisted 24-h food recall GloboDiet software, and 24-h urine samples were collected from each participant. Metabolites were identified in urine using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry by comparing their exact mass and fragmentation patterns using free-access databases. Multivariate receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to verify the ability of the metabolite combination to classify daily and non-daily fruit consumers. Fruit intake was identified using a 24 h dietary recall (24 h-DR). RESULTS: Bananas, grapes, and oranges are included in the summary. The panel of biomarkers exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.6 (Orange AUC = 0.665; Grape AUC = 0.622; Bananas AUC = 0.602; All fruits AUC = 0.679; Citrus AUC = 0.693) and variable importance projection score > 1.0, and these were useful for assessing the sensitivity and predictability of food intake in our population. CONCLUSION: A panel of metabolites was able to classify self-reported fruit consumers with strong predictive power and high specificity and sensitivity values except for banana and total fruit intake.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, currently considered the number one cause of chronic liver disease. MAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension. Emphasis has been placed on the use of green tea (GT), produced from the Camellia sinensis plant, rich in antioxidants as polyphenols and catechins, on obesity and MAFLD treatment/prevention. Studies carried out in rodent models housed at a standard temperature (ST, 22°C) are being questioned as ST is a determining factor on generating changes in the physiology of immune response, and energy metabolism. On the other hand, it seems that thermoneutrality (TN, 28°C) represents a closer parallel to human physiology. In this perspective, we investigated the effects of GT (500 mg/kg of body weight, over 12 weeks, 5 days/week) by comparing mice housed at ST or TN in a model of MAFLD of diet-induced obese males C57Bl/6 mice. We show that the liver phenotype at TN exhibits a more severe MAFLD while GT ameliorates this condition. In parallel, GT restores the expression of genes involved in the lipogenic pathway, regardless of temperature, with slight modifications in lipolysis/fatty acid oxidation. We observed an increase promoted by GT in PPARα and PPARγ proteins independently of housing temperature and a dual pattern of bile acid synthesis. Thus, animals' conditioning temperature is a key factor that can interfere in the results involving obesity and MAFLD, although GT has beneficial effects against MAFLD independently of the housing temperature of mice.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Monoterpenes, volatile metabolites produced by plants, are involved in the taste and aroma perception of fruits and vegetables and have been used for centuries in gastronomy, as food preservatives and for therapeutic purposes. Biological activities such as antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory are well-established for some of these molecules. More recently, the ability of monoterpenes to regulate energy metabolism, and exert antidiabetic, anti-obesity and gut microbiota modulation activities have been described. Despite their promising health effects, the lack of reliable quantification of monoterpenes in food, hindered the investigation of their role as dietary bioactive compounds in epidemiological studies. Moreover, only few studies have documented the biotransformation of these compounds and identified the monoterpene metabolites with biological activity. This review presents up-to-date knowledge about the occurrence of monoterpenes in food, their bioavailability and potential role in the modulation of intermediate metabolism and inflammation, focusing on novel findings of molecular mechanisms, underlining research gaps and new avenues to be explored.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Advances in technology have led to the identification of a greater number of metabolites related to diet. Although fruit intake biomarkers have been reported in some studies, these findings require further replication, considering the relevance of fruits for diet quality and health. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of a set of potential urinary biomarkers of diet, assessed using a targeted metabolomics approach, with self-reported fruit intake data in participants of a computer-assisted 24-h dietary recall (GloboDiet software) validation study. METHODS: A total of 93 individuals aged 43-72 y, 54% female, participated in this study. The subjects were a subsample of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). A 24-h dietary recall was obtained with the aid of GloboDiet software matching a 24-h urine sample from each participant. Candidate biomarkers were selected in a literature search and identified in urine by LC coupled to high-resolution MS. Spearman correlation analyses were performed between fruit intake and each biomarker. RESULTS: Spearman correlation analysis showed that total fruits intake was significantly correlated with citric acid (ρ = 0.213, P = 0.041), ferulic acid sulfate I (ρ = 0.240, P = 0.020), hesperetin glucuronide/homoeriodictyol glucuronide (ρ = 0.303, P = 0.003), hydroxyhippuric acid (ρ = 0.239, P = 0.021), homovanillic alcohol sulfate (ρ = 0.339, P = 0.001), methylgallic acid sulfate (ρ = 0.268, P = 0.009), naringenin glucuronide (NG; ρ = 0.278, P = 0.007), proline betaine (PB; ρ = 0.305, P = 0.003), syringic acid sulfate (ρ = 0.210, P = 0.044), and sinapic acid sulfate (ρ = 0.412, P < 0.001). Among them, 3 have been described in literature as promising biomarkers for intake of total fruit, oranges, and citrus fruit: NG, hesperetin glucuronide, and PB. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of total fruits intake with urinary measurements indicate the potential usefulness of dietary biomarkers in the Brazilian population as a complement to self-reported dietary assessments.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We investigate the effect of the banana green peels extract (BPE) as a preventive treatment against NAFLD in high-fat diet fed mice. Mice received daily doses of 100 or 250 mg/kg of BPE for 12 weeks along with the high-fat diet. BPE reduced weight gain (p < .0001), adipose tissue hypertrophy (p < .0001), and improved glucose homeostasis (p < .0001). Plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, aspartate and alanine transaminase, leptin, and resistin were decreased in BPE treated mice (p < .05). BPE effects on lipid metabolism were associated with decreased gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and increased expression of enzymes related to fatty acid and cholesterol degradation (p < .05). Plasma and liver bile acid (BA) profiles were modulated by BPE, with positive correlations between specific BA and UCP-1, CPT-1 and PGC-1ß expression in brown adipose tissue (p < .05). BPE reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, possibly due to reduced p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation (p < .05) and modulation of oxidative stress (p < .05). These data indicate that BPE is a source of phytochemical compounds with promising effects toward the prevention of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Given the relative importance of cognitive impairment, there was considerable interest in identifying the cognitive profile of PD patients, in order to ensure specific and appropriate therapeutic interventions. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in PD patients, compared with the control group. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PEDro and Web of Science (last searched in September 2016). STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of physical exercise programs and cognitive function in PD patients. Nine studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this review. DATA EXTRACTION: Characteristics of the publication, characteristics of the participants, test used for cognitive screening, cognitive domain assessed, tools used to assess cognitive function, characteristics of the experimental intervention, characteristics of the control group, mean results and standard deviation of function cognitive. The PEDro score was used to evaluate methodological quality. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most eligible studies showed good methodological quality based on the PEDro scale. Studies have shown that adapted tango for PD patients, cognitive training combined with motor training, and treadmill training promote the preservation or improvement of cognitive function in PD patients. LIMITATIONS: The diversity of cognitive tests used to assess cognitive function and the high heterogeneity identified between the physical exercise programs. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise programs promote positive and significant effects on global cognitive function, processing speed, sustained attention and mental flexibility in PD patients, at a mild to moderate stage for patients with a 6-year clinical diagnosis of PD. However, treadmill training performed 3 times a week for about 60 minutes and for a period of 24 weeks produced larger improvements in cognition.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of blood microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in PD in humans. For this purpose the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the proposed descriptors in the Medical Subject Headings. There were no restrictions with respect to the language of the publication. In the study selection two independent reviewers initially evaluated studies that were identified by the search strategy according to titles and abstracts. The reviewers evaluated (also unassisted) the complete articles and selected studies according to the eligibility criteria specified above. Studies that were not in accordance with the adopted criteria were excluded according to the boundaries imposed by the search strategy. The following data were extracted from the selected studies: Publication identification, location where the study was conducted, study design, the sample size, the participants' characteristics, the miRNAs involved in PD, the miRNA detection and analysis method, and the type of miRNA dysregulation in PD. Through this systematic review of the literature published over the last 10 years, the expression of 91 different miRNAs were analyzed in the context of PD, with the expression of 39 of these miRNAs differing significantly between individuals with PD and healthy controls and/or between treated and untreated patients with PD. The miRNAs were extracted from mononuclear cells, leukocytes, plasma, serum and peripheral blood, and the majority of the studies used reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which is considered to be the gold standard for miRNA analysis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este relato se refiere a un animal de la especie vacuna, raza Jersey, con 18 días de vida, referenciado al Hospital Veterinario de la FMVZ-USP. La historia clínica del becerro relataba que el mismo nació de parto no asistido, acusando dificultad en mantenerse de pie desde su nacimiento, debido aun problema en los miembros posteriores. EI examen clínico mostró una flexión de la articulación fémuro-tibio-rotular bilateral y dificultad de deambulación. La palpación de los miembros posteriores permitió realizar la verificación de la posición ectópica de la rótula con movimientos de lateralidad de la misma. EI examen radiográfico confirmó la presencia de luxación bilateral de la rótula. El tratamiento quirúrgico a través de la sulcoplastia femoral presentó una evolución desfavorable, recomendándose la eutanasia del animal.

An l8-day-old Jersey calf was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the University of São Paulo. The owner reported that the calf, born without assistance, had been unable to get up since birth. Upon clinical exam, the animal was unable to walk when the stifle was maintained in marked flex ion. Lateral displacement of the patellae was detected upon palpation of the hind limbs. Radiographic exanimation confirmed the diagnosis of congenital bilateral luxation of the patellae. The results of femoral sulcoplasty, a surgical procedure used to deepen the patellar groove, were unsuccessful. Euthanasia was recommended.

Este relato refere-se a um animal da espécie bovina, raça Jersey, com 18 dias de vida, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-USP. A história clínica do bezerro relatava que o animal nascera de parto não acompanhado, apresentando dificuldade de se manter em estação desde o nascimento, devido a um problema nos membros posteriores. Ao exame clínico destacava-se acentuada flexão da ruticulação fêmuro-tíbio-patelar bilateral e dificuldade de deambulação. A palpação dos membros posteriores permitiu verificar a posição ectópica da patela com movimentos de lateralidade dessa estrutura. O exame radiográfico confirmou a presença de luxação bilateral de patela. O tratamento cirúrgico através da sulcoplastia da tróclea femoral apresentou evolução desfavorável, recomendando-se eutanásia do animal. 

RESUMO

Este relato se refiere a un animal de la especie vacuna, raza Jersey, con 18 días de vida, referenciado al Hospital Veterinario de la FMVZ-USP. La historia clínica del becerro relataba que el mismo nació de parto no asistido, acusando dificultad en mantenerse de pie desde su nacimiento, debido aun problema en los miembros posteriores. EI examen clínico mostró una flexión de la articulación fémuro-tibio-rotular bilateral y dificultad de deambulación. La palpación de los miembros posteriores permitió realizar la verificación de la posición ectópica de la rótula con movimientos de lateralidad de la misma. EI examen radiográfico confirmó la presencia de luxación bilateral de la rótula. El tratamiento quirúrgico a través de la sulcoplastia femoral presentó una evolución desfavorable, recomendándose la eutanasia del animal.

An l8-day-old Jersey calf was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the University of São Paulo. The owner reported that the calf, born without assistance, had been unable to get up since birth. Upon clinical exam, the animal was unable to walk when the stifle was maintained in marked flex ion. Lateral displacement of the patellae was detected upon palpation of the hind limbs. Radiographic exanimation confirmed the diagnosis of congenital bilateral luxation of the patellae. The results of femoral sulcoplasty, a surgical procedure used to deepen the patellar groove, were unsuccessful. Euthanasia was recommended.

Este relato refere-se a um animal da espécie bovina, raça Jersey, com 18 dias de vida, encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-USP. A história clínica do bezerro relatava que o animal nascera de parto não acompanhado, apresentando dificuldade de se manter em estação desde o nascimento, devido a um problema nos membros posteriores. Ao exame clínico destacava-se acentuada flexão da ruticulação fêmuro-tíbio-patelar bilateral e dificuldade de deambulação. A palpação dos membros posteriores permitiu verificar a posição ectópica da patela com movimentos de lateralidade dessa estrutura. O exame radiográfico confirmou a presença de luxação bilateral de patela. O tratamento cirúrgico através da sulcoplastia da tróclea femoral apresentou evolução desfavorável, recomendando-se eutanásia do animal.

RESUMO

Thoracoscopy is the technique based upon the thoracic cavity visualization by means of rigid or flexible endoscope. It is indicated as an additional diagnostic aid to better define thoracic diseases. It can be performed either in an animal subjected to general anesthesia or in a horse standing on stocks with local anesthesia with or without sedative. Six healthy horses were used in this study they were subjected to thoracoscopy in both hemithorax, standing on stocks, with a 15-day interval between each procedure. It was possible to visualize several thoracic structures through the 13th intercostal space aproach, such as: diaphargma (muscular and tendineous portions), esophageus hiatus, mediastinum, aorta, vagus nerve dorsal and ventral trunk, thoracic ductus, azigus vein, intercostal veins and muscles, ribs, sympathetic nervous trunk, thoracocervical vascular trunk, trachea, lungs (cranial and caudal lobes), esophagus, pericardium, caudal cava vein, phrenicus nerve and aortic linphonodes. Slight alterations were observed in physical, laboratorial and ultra-sonographic exams during pos operative period those alterations did not compromise either this experiment development or the animals well being. By being an easy and fast procedure wich allows pleural cavity broad visualization and pacient minimal trauma, thoracoscopy makes itself a great diagnostic aid exam.

Toracoscopia é o método de visibilização da cavidade torácica através de endoscópio rígido ou flexível, indicado como exame auxiliar para diagnóstico das diversas afecções do tórax. Pode ser realizada com o animal sob anestesia geral ou em posição quadrupedal através de anestesia local associada ou não a sedativos. Neste trabalho, foram utilizados seis eqüinos hígidos, que foram submetidos a toracoscopia, em posição quadrupedal, nos dois hemitórax, com intervalo de 15 dias entre cada procedimento. Durante o exame, pôde-se observar as diversas estruturas da cavidade torácica, tais como: músculo diafragma (porção muscular e tendínea), hiato esofágico, mediastino, aorta, troncos dorsal e ventral do nervo vago, ducto torácico, veia ázigos, veias intercostais, músculos intercostais, costelas, tronco nervoso simpático, tronco vascular toracocervical, traquéia, pulmão (lobo cranial e caudal), esôfago, pericárdio, veia cava caudal, nervo frênico e linfonodos aórticos. Discretas alterações foram observadas ao exame físico, laboratorial e ultra-sonográfico no período pós-operatório, sem que trouxessem prejuízos ao desenvolvimento do experimento e recuperação do animal. A toracoscopia mostrou ser exame de auxílio importante, pela facilidade, rapidez de execução, ampla visibilização da cavidade pleural e trauma mínimo ao paciente.