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Introduction: Health personnel are more susceptible to contamination by the hepatitis B virus due to occupational risk and need special care. Previous studies have found, however, that not all health personnel were fully vaccinated against hepatitis B, as recommended by the Ministry of Health. Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with full hepatitis B vaccination and to evaluate post-vaccination serological response among health personnel. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. The sample consisted of 453 health personnel from primary and medium-complex care. Results: The prevalence of full hepatitis B vaccination among health personnel was 56.9%. The variables associated with the prevalence of complete hepatitis B vaccination in the final analysis model were: working in primary health care (prevalence ratio = 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65) and medicine preparation or administration (prevalence ratio = 3.53; 95% CI 2.17-5.74). Around 72% of those who reported being shot with all three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine had been tested for circulating antibodies in their blood and 88.4% were immune to the hepatitis B virus. Conclusions: The familiarity provided by routine primary health care and the awareness of occupational risk was associated with beter adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine schedule among health personnel. Nearly a third of those who were shot with the three doses of hepatitis B vaccine were not immunized, reinforcing the need for anti-HBs testing.

Introdução: Devido à maior susceptibilidade à contaminação pelo vírus da hepatite B em virtude do risco ocupacional, trabalhadores(as) da saúde necessitam de cuidado especial. Entretanto, estudos prévios constataram que nem todos os profissionais apresentavam esquema vacinal completo para hepatite B, como é preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Objetivos: Analisar os fatores associados à vacinação completa para hepatite B e avaliar resposta sorológica pós-vacinação entre trabalhadores(as) da saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no município baiano de Santo Antônio de Jesus, cuja amostra foi composta por 453 trabalhadores(as) da saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde e da média complexidade. Resultados: A prevalência de vacinação completa para hepatite B entre trabalhadores(as) da saúde foi de 56,9%. No modelo final de análise, as variáveis associadas à prevalência de vacinação completa para hepatite B foram: trabalhar no nível da Atenção Primária à Saúde (razão de prevalência = 1,31; IC95% 1,04-1,65) e preparo ou administração de medicamentos (razão de prevalência = 3,53; IC95% 2,17-5,74). Daqueles(as) que relataram o recebimento das três doses da vacina para hepatite B, 88,4% realizaram a testagem de anticorpos circulantes no sangue, e cerca de 72% estavam imunes ao vírus da hepatite B. Conclusões: O conhecimento proporcionado pela rotina na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o reconhecimento do risco ocupacional estava associado à melhor adesão à vacina para hepatite B entre trabalhadores(as) da saúde. Quase um terço dos(as) trabalhadores(as) que receberam as três doses da vacina para hepatite B não estava imunizado, reforçando a necessidade da realização do exame anti-HBs.

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Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy has been implicated in the low-vaccination coverage in several countries. Knowledge about vaccine hesitancy predictors in health workers is essential because they play a central role in communication about the importance and safety of vaccines. This study aimed to assess beliefs and sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in health workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 453 health workers in primary and medium complexity services in a municipality in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The variable vaccine hesitancy was operationalized based on the answers related to incomplete vaccination against hepatitis B, measles, mumps and rubella, and diphtheria and tetanus. Associations between variables were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Endemic disease combat agents, administrative service workers, and support staff had the highest levels of vaccine hesitancy. Among the analyzed variables, the following were associated with vaccine hesitancy: working in secondary health care services (PR: 1.21; CI: 1.07-1.36), working as an endemic disease combat agent (PR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.165-1.75), not sharing information about vaccines on social media (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05-1.28), distrusting information about vaccinations (PR: 0.86; CI: 0.75-0.99), and not feeling safe receiving new vaccines (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06-1.28). Conclusions: Strategies to enhance confidence in vaccination among health workers should consider differences in occupations and their working settings. Improving vaccination-related content in training and continuing education activities and facilitating access to onsite vaccinations at the workplace are crucial elements to reduce vaccine hesitancy among health workers.

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Introduction: Viral hepatitis, an infectious disease endemic to Brazil, can be transmitted by occupational accident. Objectives: To analyze the distribution and spatial density of viral hepatitis due to occupational accidents in Brazil from 2007 to 2014. Methods: This ecological study of multiple groups used data from the Brazilian Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Disease Information Notification System). Spatial analysis of cluster detection and point density was performed using kernel techniques and estimates. Results: The recorded cases were concentrated in the southeastern (40.6%) and southern regions (28.1%), and a small increase occurred between 2011 and 2014 (53.9%). The etiological classification was predominantly hepatitis C virus (45.3%) and B virus (45.1%). Conclusions: Reports of viral hepatitis due to occupational accidents have increased in Brazil in recent years, with a higher density in the southeastern and southern regions, especially viruses B and C. Thus, occupational health surveillance must be intensified, including vaccination cards for worker admission to the public or private companies.

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Introduction: Coping strategies are described as devices capable of minimizing the effects of occupational stress on workers' mental health. Objectives: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and occurrence of common mental disorders and how coping strategies work in this relationship. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 3,343 healthcare workers from six municipalities in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Common mental disorders were measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and occupational stressors by the Job Content Questionnaire. Coping strategies included physical activity, leisure activities, social support at work, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, stratified by sex. Results: Occupational stressors were associated with common mental disorders, more strongly among women. The practice of physical activity contributed to reduce the prevalence of common mental disorders, regardless of occupational stressors. Leisure activities were associated with lower prevalence of common mental disorders, but without statistical significance, losing relevance in the presence of occupational stressors. Social support and smoking or drinking habits were not associated with common mental disorders and did not influence the relationship with occupational stressors. Conclusions: Occupational stressors are associated with common mental disorders, with emphasis on high demand, even after adjusted for coping strategies. The relationship between occupational stressors and mental is corroborated, with greater female vulnerability, as well as the role of positive coping strategies in protecting mental health. The pertinence of adopting measures that reduce stress at work, promote the adoption of positive coping strategies, and consider gender inequalities in these relationships.

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The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.

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This article describes the Salvador Primary Care Longitudinal Study of Child Development (CohortDICa). The exposed group was defined by confirmation of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) diagnosed through computed tomography, magnetic resonance or transfontanellar ultrasound. A random selection of the 169 exposed children led to a subgroup of 120 children who were paired with children from the Live Birth Information System, according to birthdate, residence in the same street or neighborhood, and gestational age, resulting in 115 subjects in the non-exposed group. Following recruitment and before the participants completed 42 months, three measures were applied to assess cognitive, motor, and language performance, corresponding to three home visits. Social characteristics of the families and children, and the neurocognitive development of the children will be compared across the CZS exposed group (n = 147), the typical children with no exposure to CZS (n = 115) and the STORCH exposed group (Syphilis, Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex) (n = 20). Primary Health Care (PHC) should include long-term care strategies for the care of children and family members, and might benefit from the research, teaching, and extension activities provided in this study. In the face of the consequences of the Zika virus epidemic, an opportunity arose to intervene in the integrated care of child development within PHC, including, on an equal basis, typical children and those with delays or disabilities in the first six years of life.

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Introduction: The physical and psychosocial demands of work are important factors in the genesis of musculoskeletal pain. Identification of these dimensions and their interfaces with workers' individual characteristics could improve understanding of these outcomes. Objectives: To analyze the associations between the physical and psychosocial demands of work and occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in health care workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with health care workers. The exposure variables were psychosocial aspects and physical demands, investigated using the Job Content Questionnaire, and the outcomes were musculoskeletal pain in lower limbs, upper limbs, and the back, investigated as self-report of pain. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate associations between exposures and outcomes. Results: The factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in the three areas of the body studied were female sex, physical inactivity, and "poor" self-rated health status. Additionally, being a contract worker was associated with musculoskeletal pain in the lower limbs and back. Not participating in leisure activities and being responsible for direct provision of health care were associated with pain in the lower limbs. Being the person responsible for the housework and doing the housework were associated with pain in upper limbs. Differences between the demands of tasks, poor availability of the technical resources to perform activities, and absence of leisure activities were associated with back pain. Conclusions: It was concluded that both physical demands and psychosocial demands are associated with musculoskeletal pain in health care workers.

Introdução: As demandas físicas e psicossociais do trabalho constituem importantes fatores para a ocorrência de dor musculoesquelética. Conhecer essas dimensões e suas interfaces com as características individuais do trabalhador pode ajudar a compreender a ocorrência desses desfechos. Objetivos: Analisar a associação entre demandas físicas e psicossociais do trabalho e a ocorrência de dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores da saúde. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo de corte transversal com trabalhadores da saúde. As variáveis de exposição foram os aspectos psicossociais e as demandas físicas investigadas por meio do Job Content Questionnaire, e o desfecho foi a dor musculoesquelética em membros inferiores, superiores e na região dorsal, investigada pela queixa de dor autorreferida. A análise multivariável foi utilizada para investigar a associação entre as exposições e os desfechos. Resultados: Os fatores associados a dor musculoesquelética nos três segmentos corporais foram ser do sexo feminino, não praticar atividade física e perceber o estado de saúde como "ruim". O vínculo de trabalho "não efetivo" esteve associado a dor musculoesquelética em membros inferiores e na região dorsal. A não participação em atividades de lazer e a prestação de assistência direta à saúde estiveram associadas a dor em membros inferiores. Ser o principal responsável pelas atividades domésticas e realizá-las mostraram-se associados a dor em membros superiores. As diferenças entre as exigências das tarefas, os recursos técnicos disponíveis ruins para a execução das atividades e a ausência de atividades de lazer estiveram associados a dor na região dorsal. Conclusões: Conclui-se que tanto as demandas físicas quanto as psicossociais estão associadas à dor musculoesquelética em trabalhadores da saúde.

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Health care workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of being exposed to COVID-19. This study aimed to characterize flu-like syndrome cases (FS) in HCWs notified in Brazil and compare them with FS cases in the general community (GC). In the Brazilian protocol, FS corresponds to a suspected case of COVID-19. The manuscript analyzed cases of FS in five Brazilian states, estimating the incidence rates of cases of FS and clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Registered cases (March to June 2020) totaled about 1,100,000 cases of FS. HCWs represented 17% of the registers, whose incidence was 20.41/100 vs. 2.15/100 in the GC. FS cases in HCWs concentrated the highest percentages in the age group of 30 to 49 years (65.15%) and among the nursing staff (46.86%). This study was the first interstate evaluation in Brazil to estimate suspected cases of FS by COVID-19 in HCWs. In order to control the spread of viral respiratory infections in HCWs, including COVID-19, it is necessary to review the management of health information to identify who they are, how many they are, and to what situations these workers are most frequently exposed, as well as in what professions they have. This information can guide specific, practical, and far-reaching actions.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.

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Objective: To analyze the association of psychosocial risk factors at work, sociodemographic, and occupational characteristics with the level of physical activity among motorcycle taxi drivers.Methods: Cross-sectional study with 750 male motorcycle taxi drivers from the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. A form containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics was utilized. The psychosocial risk factors at work were evaluated by the Job Content Questionnaire and the level of physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The adjusted associations were analyzed by means of the Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: the prevalence of an insufficiently active level of physical activity was of 59.6%. The crude prevalence ratios (PR) showed an association between physical inactivity in motorcycle taxi drivers and high strain job (PR: 1.31), with 5 or more years of experience (PR: 1.67), in night shifts (PR: 1.36) and 40 or more years old (PR: 1.77). In the multivariate model, adjusted by income, work in high strain is kept associated to a situation of being insufficiently active (PR: 1.13), duration of employment of five or more years raised by 51.0% the frequency of insufficiently active physical activity (PR: 1.51) and the work in predominantly nocturnal shifts increased it by 26.0% (PR: 1.26). It is made evident that age was an effect modifier (p < 0.001) and its interaction was evaluated by including the corresponding product term (job Demand-Control model), which shows that the association between highly straining work and being insufficiently active was observed only among the youngest (21-39 years old) (PR: 1,21).Conclusions: the age and exposure to unfavorable working conditions, like long duration of employment, night work and work under high psychological demand and low control, have an influence on the insufficient physical activity among motorcycle taxi drivers.

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