RESUMO
Nerol (C10H18O) is a monoterpene found in many essential oils, such as lemon balm and hop. In this study, we explored the contractile and electrophysiological properties of nerol and demonstrated its antiarrhythmic effects in guinea pig heart preparation. Nerol effects were evaluated on atrial and ventricular tissue contractility, electrocardiogram (ECG), voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L), and ouabain-triggered arrhythmias. Overall our results revealed that by increasing concentrations of nerol (from 0.001 to 30 mM) there was a significant decrease in left atrium contractile force. This effect was completely and rapidly reversible after washing out (~ 2 min). Nerol (at 3 mM concentration) decreased the left atrium positive inotropic response evoked by adding up CaCl2 in the extracellular medium. Interestingly, when using a lower concentration of nerol (30 µM), it was not possible to clearly observe any significant ECG signal alterations but a small reduction of ventricular contractility was observed. In addition, 300 µM nerol promoted a significant decrease on the cardiac rate and contractility. Important to note is the fact that in isolated cardiomyocytes, peak ICa,L was reduced by 58.9 ± 6.31% after perfusing 300 µM nerol (n=7, p<0.05). Nerol, at 30 and 300 µM, delayed the time of onset of ouabain-triggered arrhythmias and provoked a decrease in the diastolic tension induced by the presence of ouabain (50 µM). Furthermore, nerol preincubation significantly attenuated arrhythmia severity index without changes in the positive inotropism elicited by ouabain exposure. Taken all together, we may be able to conclude that nerol primarily by reducing Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channel blockade lessened the severity of ouabain-triggered arrhythmias in mammalian heart.
RESUMO
Fundamentos: O comportamento alimentar da população brasileira sofreu modificações expressivas, com crescimento do número de refeições fora de casa, redução no consumo das leguminosas, raízes e tubérculos e o aumento da aquisição de proteínas e lipídeos de origem animal, o que, associado a outros fatores, tem contribuído para a elevação na prevalência da hipertensão. Objetivo: Avaliar a ingestão de nutrientes com participação na regulação da Pressão Arterial (PA) em uma amostra de pacientes hipertensos hospitalizados. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes hipertensos hospitalizados, adultos e idosos. Foi usado Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas (R24h) como inquérito alimentar nesses pacientes. Os macronutrientes foram avaliados por meio da AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribuition Range Intervalo de Distribuição Aceitável de Macronutrientes) e o potássio (K) e o sódio (Na) por meio da AI (Adequate Intake Ingestão Adequada). Para as inadequações dos nutrientes foi utilizado o método da EAR (Estimated Average Requirement Necessidade Média Estimada). Resultados: Foi observado um reduzido consumo de minerais e vitaminas. A pesquisa também mostrou alta ingestão de carboidratos na maioria dos pacientes (96,36%) associado ao consumo inadequado de cálcio (Ca), zinco (Zn) e magnésio (Mg) em mais de 80% dos pacientes. Conclusão: Quanto melhor a ingestão, maior o impacto benéfico da dieta sobre a PA na população e maior a redução das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.
Background: The dietary behavior of the Brazilian population has undergone significant changes, with growth in the number of meals outside the home, reducing the consumption of legumes, roots and tubers, and increased acquisition of animal proteins and lipids, which, together with other factors, has contributed to the increased prevalence of hypertension. Objective: To evaluate nutrient intake with participation in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) in a sample of hospitalized hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted with hospitalized hypertensive patients, adults and seniors. It was used 24 hours Food Recall (24HR) as a dietary survey in these patients. Macronutrients were assessed by AMDR (Acceptable macronutrient distribuition Range) and potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in by AI (Adequate Intake). To the inadequacies of the nutrients we used the EAR method (Estimated Average Requirement Need Estimated Average). Results: Reduced consumption of minerals and vitamins was observed. The research also showed high carbohydrate intake in most patients (96.36%) associated with inadequate intake of calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in over 80% of patients. Conclusion: The higher the intake, the greater the beneficial impact of diet on BP in the population and the greater the reduction of non-transmissible chronic diseases