RESUMO
Dental records are complex documents and not all dental surgeons have been careful to fill them correctly. On the other hand, a number of apps for professional support has been observed on the market aimed at healthcare. The purpose of this study was to show how dental surgeons have noticed the technology of mobile devices and how it would help in their work routine by analysing an application for recording patient information. This study was exploratory, qualitative, descriptive, and transversal, with data obtained through a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions applied to ten dental surgeons who have downloaded the App OdontoExame as study population. The answers were analysed by the content analysis technique. The results showed that this technology could be useful in storing information. Besides, 90 percent of respondents stated that the application would help in clinical practices, while 10 percent considered such a technology still limited to this function(AU)
Los registros estomatológicos son documentos complejos y no todos los cirujanos dentales han sido cuidadosos al llenarlos correctamente. Por otra parte, un conjunto de aplicaciones de apoyo profesional han aparecido en el mercado, las que están dirigidas a la atención médica. El propósito del presente estudio es mostrar cómo los cirujanos dentales han notado la presencia de la tecnología de dispositivos móviles y cómo esta los podría ayudar en su trabajo diario, a partir del análisis de una aplicación para el registro de información de los pacientes. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, descriptivo y transversal, basado en datos obtenidos mediante una entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas abiertas dirigidas a una población de diez cirujanos dentales que han descargado la aplicación OdontoExame. Las respuestas se analizaron aplicando la técnica de análisis de contenidos. Los resultados mostraron que esa tecnología puede ser útil para almacenar información. El 90 por ciento de los encuestados plantearon que la aplicación podría ser útil en la práctica clínica, mientras que el 10 por ciento consideró que esta aún estaba limitada a esa función(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Bucal , Aplicativos Móveis , Cirurgiões BucomaxilofaciaisRESUMO
The developmental origins of breast cancer have been considered predominantly from a maternal perspective. Although accumulating evidence suggests a paternal programming effect on metabolic diseases, the potential impact of fathers' experiences on their daughters' breast cancer risk has received less attention. In this chapter, we focus on the developmental origins of breast cancer and examine the emerging evidence for a role of fathers' experiences.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Lactação , Exposição Materna , Herança Paterna , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-NatalRESUMO
Emerging experimental evidence show that fathers' experiences during preconception can influence their daughters' risk of developing breast cancer. Here we describe detailed protocols for investigation in rats and mice of paternally mediated breast cancer risk programming effects.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Herança Paterna , Animais , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Dieta , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais , Camundongos , Ratos , Carga TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although males contribute half of the embryo's genome, only recently has interest begun to be directed toward the potential impact of paternal experiences on the health of offspring. While there is evidence that paternal malnutrition may increase offspring susceptibility to metabolic diseases, the influence of paternal factors on a daughter's breast cancer risk has been examined in few studies. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, before and during puberty, either a lard-based (high in saturated fats) or a corn oil-based (high in n-6 polyunsaturated fats) high-fat diet (60 % of fat-derived energy). Control animals were fed an AIN-93G control diet (16 % of fat-derived energy). Their 50-day-old female offspring fed only a commercial diet were subjected to the classical model of mammary carcinogenesis based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene initiation, and mammary tumor development was evaluated. Sperm cells and mammary gland tissue were subjected to cellular and molecular analysis. RESULTS: Compared with female offspring of control diet-fed male rats, offspring of lard-fed male rats did not differ in tumor latency, growth, or multiplicity. However, female offspring of lard-fed male rats had increased elongation of the mammary epithelial tree, number of terminal end buds, and tumor incidence compared with both female offspring of control diet-fed and corn oil-fed male rats. Compared with female offspring of control diet-fed male rats, female offspring of corn oil-fed male rats showed decreased tumor growth but no difference regarding tumor incidence, latency, or multiplicity. Additionally, female offspring of corn oil-fed male rats had longer tumor latency as well as decreased tumor growth and multiplicity compared with female offspring of lard-fed male rats. Paternal consumption of animal- or plant-based high-fat diets elicited opposing effects, with lard rich in saturated fatty acids increasing breast cancer risk in offspring and corn oil rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreasing it. These effects could be linked to alterations in microRNA expression in fathers' sperm and their daughters' mammary glands, and to modifications in breast cancer-related protein expression in this tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of paternal nutrition in affecting future generations' risk of developing breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Exposição Paterna , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Animais , Apoptose , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Análise por Conglomerados , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Lipídeos/química , Masculino , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/patologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais , Carne , MicroRNAs , Plantas/química , Gravidez , Proteômica/métodos , Ratos , Espermatozoides/metabolismoRESUMO
The persistent effects of animal fat consumption during pregnancy and nursing on the programming of breast cancer risk among female offspring were studied here. We have previously found that female offspring of rat dams that consumed a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet (60% fat-derived energy) during pregnancy, or during pregnancy and lactation, were at a reduced risk of developing mammary cancer. To better understand the unexpected protective effects of early life lard exposure, we have applied lipidomics and nutrigenomics approaches to investigate the fatty acid profile and global gene expression patterns in the mammary tissue of the female offspring. Consumption of this HF diet during gestation had few effects on the mammary tissue fatty acids profile of young adult offspring, while exposure from gestation throughout nursing promoted significant alterations in the fatty acids profile. Major differences were related to decreases in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increases in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) concentrations. In addition several differences in gene expression patterns by microarray analysis between the control and in utero or in utero and during lactation HF exposed offspring were identified. Differential dependency network (DDN) analysis indicated that many of the genes exhibited unique connections to other genes only in the HF offspring. These unique connections included Hrh1-Ythdf1 and Repin1-Elavl2 in the in utero HF offspring, and Rnf213-Htr3b and Klf5-Chrna4 in the in utero and lactation HF offspring, compared with the control offspring. We conclude that an exposure to a lard-based HF diet during early life changes the fatty acid profile and transcriptional network in mammary gland in young adult rats, and these changes appear to be consistent with reduced mammary cancer risk observed in our previous study.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/fisiologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/etiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Gorduras na Dieta , Feminino , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Lactação , Lipídeos/análise , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The effect of maternal hypercholesterolemia on the course of pregnancy and the development of offspring was investigated. Rats were fed either an enriched-cholesterol diet (HC) or a standard diet (control) from 1 week before mating until weaning of offspring. Compared with the control group, HC dams showed a fourfold increase in abortions, a twofold increase in neonatal mortality, smaller litter size, and lower birth weight of pups. At weaning, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the outer renal medulla was reduced in HC pups compared with control pups, suggesting retarded or impaired development of medullary nephron segments. At this point, to better examine the adverse effects of maternal hypercholesterolemia, the HC pups were divided into two groups: one fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (HC/hc) and the other a standard diet (HC/nc), while control pups were maintained on the standard diet. In adulthood, the HC/hc group showed growth impairment and reduced renal function, demonstrated by low creatinine clearance (0.24+/-0.04 ml/min per 100 g body weight) and high fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and water ( P<0.05 vs. control). These effects were partially reversed in the HC/nc group. In this study, neither dams nor offspring developed hypertension. Thus, maternal hypercholesterolemia adversely affected pregnancy outcomes and the development of offspring by inducing abnormalities and thereby reducing renal function.