RESUMO
This study evaluated the body condition score (BCS) at calving and breed (B) effects on milk composition, yield, performance, physiological parameters, hemogram, blood metabolites, and urinary metabolites in the transition and early lactation periods of Mediterranean (MED) and Murrah (MUR) buffaloes. Twenty MED and fifteen MUR buffaloes were distributed into four experimental treatments, in a completely randomized design, considering their racial groups and BCS (LBCS = low; HBCS = high): LBCS MED (N = 9); HBCS MED (N = 11); LBCS MUR (N = 8); HBCS MUR (N = 7). Animals were monitored during the last 21 days of gestation and first 56 days postpartum and kept under the same management and feeding conditions. During data collection, milk composition, yield, performance, physiological parameters, hemogram, blood metabolites, and urinary metabolites were evaluated. Higher milk production and fat-corrected milk were observed in MED than MUR buffaloes. Breed effects were observed on body weight, rectal temperature, glucose, urea, calcium (Ca) concentrations, and BCS effects on total protein, albumin, urea, and Ca. There were BCS effects on hematocrit, neutrophils, eosinophils, and interactions between B × BCS for lymphocytes and platelets. There were breed effects on urinary concentrations of chlorine, uric acid, and interactions between weight (W) × B on chlorine and urea. The MED buffaloes can be considered the most prepared to undergo physiological changes, including the BCS value at calving, indicating higher physiological health. Besides, this study demonstrates more considerable preparation for the calving, regardless of the body condition score at calving.
Assuntos
Bison , Búfalos , Feminino , Animais , Humanos , Cloro/metabolismo , Lactação/fisiologia , Leite/metabolismo , Período Pós-Parto/fisiologia , Grupos Raciais , MetabolomaRESUMO
This review aimed to identify the influence of antimicrobial and cleaning agents on surface characteristics such as surface free energy (SFE) and wettability, and microbial adhesion in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for denture base. The review question, based on PICO, was: "Does intervention with antimicrobial and cleaning agents in PMMA influence the surface free energy, wettability, and consequently the microbial adhesion?" and the protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (osf. io/v3xgn). The search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct databases, using the terms: ("acrylic resin" OR PMMA) AND (antimicrobial OR antibacterial) AND ("electrostatic interaction" OR surface free energy) AND (biofilm OR "bacteria adhesion"), and resulted in 462 articles, of which 7 were included. The antimicrobials polypara-xylylene, carboxybetaine methacrylate, ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate, and deposition of F and Ag ions in PMMA influenced the SFE and wettability. Denture cleaners reduced microbial adhesion. Five of the included studies evaluated the microbial adhesion, however, only two observed a direct relationship between SFE, wettability, and microbial adhesion. It was concluded that the intervention with antimicrobial and cleaning agents in PMMA can interfere in SFE and surface wettability, but no correlation was observed between microbial adhesion and these surface characteristics in PMMA.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Polimetil Metacrilato , Propriedades de Superfície , Bases de Dentadura/microbiologia , Candida albicans , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the replacement of ground corn by crude glycerin and soybean meal by cottonseed cake, in association or not, on feedlot lambs' feeding behavior. Thirty-two non-castrated crossbred ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês lambs, with an average body weight of 18.52 ± 3.24 kg (mean ± standard deviation), were distributed in a completely randomized design, into four treatments and eight replicates per treatment, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. Four experimental diets were tested with different sources or combinations of energy and protein ingredients in the concentrate, respectively: (1) ground corn + soybean meal; (2) ground corn and cottonseed cake; (3) crude glycerin and soybean meal; and (4) crude glycerin and cottonseed cake. The glycerin decreased dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001) intakes, whereas it increased times spent in feeding (P = 0.009; from 21.8 to 28.6), rumination (P = 0.006; from 56.2 to 67.2), and chewing (P < 0.001; from 79.4 to 97.2), in minutes/100 g of DM. Feeding efficiencies of DM (P = 0.003) and NDF (P = 0.008) were decreased by the diets. Protein sources increased (P = 0.018) the times spent in chewing and per period in rumination (P = 0.014). Cottonseed cake, as a protein source, up to a 112 g/kg DM level, can totally replace soybean meal in diets for feedlot lambs without effects on the intake, behavioral activities, and feeding efficiencies. In contrast, the crude glycerin energy source is not adequate to replace ground corn in lambs' diets.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Óleo de Sementes de Algodão , Dieta/veterinária , Fibras na Dieta , Digestão , Comportamento Alimentar , OvinosRESUMO
The establishment of an invasive species depends on reproductive success and dispersion capability in the new environment. One of the striking examples of invasion in urban environments is the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae). The success of this species is primarily attributed to its ability to colonize urban environments, and some of the important adaptive strategies associated with this ability is the preference for humans as a blood source and intense occupation of residential (indoor) environments. This study evaluated the effects of location (indoor vs. outdoor) and water nutrient level (% organic matter) on the oviposition preference of A. aegypti in an urban environment. We used oviposition choice experiments to evaluate mosquito oviposition in containers holding 1:1 vs 1:0 ratios of water: organic matter placed indoors and outdoors. Eggs were sampled once per week for nine weeks. Our results revealed a strong oviposition preference for outdoor containers, with a significant preference for containers with higher concentrations of organic matter during the fifth to ninth weeks. However, mosquitoes occupying indoor environments did not prefer to lay eggs in containers with lower levels of organic matter. A better understanding of the preferences of A. aegypti regarding the nutrient level and location of oviposition containers can increase our understanding of the behavioral factors allowing mosquitoes to utilize anthropogenic environments.
Assuntos
Aedes/fisiologia , Oviposição , Água/química , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Brasil , Comportamento de Escolha , Cidades , Ecossistema , Feminino , Habitação , Espécies Introduzidas , Poluentes da ÁguaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) patients may have a higher prevalence of anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA) than normal population. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of APCA in a cohort of ATD patients to know its association with patient's clinical profile and gastrointestinal complaints. METHODS: APCA was sought for by indirect immunofluorescence test in 243 ATD patients: 136 (55.9%) with Graves' disease and 107 (44.0%) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A structured questionnaire for gastrointestinal symptoms, previous history of thrombosis, arthralgia and other autoimmune diseases in the patients and their families was applied. Positive and negative APCA individuals were compared. Positive patients were invited to perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy of duodenum segments. Sera from 100 healthy individuals from the same geographic area were used as controls. RESULTS: APCA was present in 20.1% (49/243) of ATD patients: 21.3% (29/136) in the Graves' sample and 18.6% (20/107) in the Hashimoto's sample (p = 0.61). Patients with positive APCA had more anemia (p = 0.03; OR = 2.89; 95% CI = 1.03-8.07) and less heartburn (p = 0.01; OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.20-0.83). Among the group of 49 APCA-positive patients, 24 agreed with upper endoscopy and it was found that 54.1% had atrophic gastritis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of positive APCA in ATD patients. APCA are more common in those with anemia and less common in those with complaints of heartburn. Almost half of positive APCA patients had atrophic gastritis.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Doença de Hashimoto/imunologia , Células Parietais Gástricas/imunologia , Adulto , Doenças Autoimunes/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença de Hashimoto/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , PrognósticoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis) cake in diets for goats on feeding behaviors, rectal temperature, and cardiac and respiratory frequencies. Forty crossbred Boer male, non-castrated goats (ten animals per treatment), with an average age of 90 days and an initial body weight of 15.01 ± 1.76 kg, were used. The goats were fed Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) hay and palm kernel supplemented at the rates of 0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter (DM). The feeding behaviors (rumination, feeding, and idling times) were observed for three 24-h periods. DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake values were estimated as the difference between the total DM and NDF contents of the feed offered and the total DM and NDF contents of the orts. There was no effect of palm kernel cake inclusion in goat diets on DM intake (P > 0.05). However, palm kernel cake promoted a linear increase (P < 0.05) in NDF intake and time spent feeding and ruminating (min/day; %; period) and a linear decrease in time spent idling. Palm kernel cakes had no effects (P > 0.05) on the chewing, feeding, and rumination efficiency (DM and NDF) or on physiological variables. The use up to 21% palm kernel cake in the diet of crossbred Boer goats maintained the feeding behaviors and did not change the physiological parameters of goats; therefore, its use is recommended in the diet of these animals.
Assuntos
Arecaceae/química , Comportamento Alimentar , Cabras/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Biocombustíveis , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
This study was conducted to characterize the daily profile of testosterone secretion and its mean concentrations in the four seasons as well as to evaluate the semen characteristics and testicular biometry of Mangalarga Marchador stallions throughout the year in a tropical region. Three stallions were submitted to semen collections and evaluation of testicular biometry every 14 days along a year. Blood samples were collected once at the middle of each season, in a 20-min interval during 24 hr in order to evaluate the testosterone secretion profiles among seasons. Testosterone concentrations along the day were higher at the beginning of the afternoon (from 12:00 to 15:00 hr), but a circadian secretion was not clearly observed. Mean testosterone concentrations did not differ among seasons (p > .05), but a pattern of secretion along the day showed variations with higher concentrations in the afternoon during the winter. Ejaculate volume was higher during summer; however, sperm motility decreased in summer and spring. Total sperm in ejaculate, sperm morphology and testicular biometry kept constant along the year showing no differences among the seasons. The results demonstrated that in a tropical region, reproductive aspects of stallions did not show a clearly defined seasonal variation, and months of autumn and winter were not unsuitable for reproduction of the males.
Assuntos
Cavalos/fisiologia , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Sêmen/fisiologia , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Testosterona/sangue , Animais , Brasil , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Periodicidade , Estações do Ano , TemperaturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind numerous exogenous and endogenous antigens by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and have the ability to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, alterations in innate immunity could explain the inflammation and T-cell autoreactivity leading to the development of LP disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how the host innate immune response to PAMPs is affected by cutaneous LP, primarily by using TLR agonists to induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS: PBMCs from patients with LP and healthy control (HC) individuals were stimulated with agonists of TLR2/TLR1 (pam3csk4), TLR3 [poly(I:C)-RIG], TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide), TLR5 (flagellin), TLR7 (imiquimod), TLR7/TLR8 (CL097) and TLR9 (CpG). Cytokines from culture supernatants (n = 10-12) and serum chemokines and cytokines (n = 22-24) were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Activation through the TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 pathways induced increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion by PBMCs from individuals with LP compared with the HC group. In contrast, activation through TLR3 and TLR7 was impaired in the LP group, leading to decreased TNF-α secretion. Moreover, intracellular TLR activation resulted in reduced interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6 secretion. Notably, individuals with LP became responders on stimulation with TLR7/TLR8 and TLR9 agonists; responses were measured as increases in interferon (IFN)-α production. Detectable TNF-α and high CXCL9 and CXCL10 serum levels were observed in patients with LP, suggesting their potential use as markers of the inflammatory status in LP. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to a defect in the TLR signalling pathways in cutaneous LP. Agonists of TLR7/TLR8 or TLR9 overcame impaired IFN-α secretion in LP, strategically acting as adjuvants to improve the type I response.
Assuntos
Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Líquen Plano/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/agonistas , Adulto , Idoso , Quimiocinas CXC/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Ligantes , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/agonistas , Receptor 8 Toll-Like/agonistas , Receptor Toll-Like 9/agonistas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the second most common AIDS-related lymphoma. Primary sinonasal BL in HIV patients is extremely rare and treatment data in this subset of patients is almost nonexistent. Recently, a few studies reported promising results treating HIV-associate BL with an intensive chemotherapy regimen. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAARTHAART) concomitantly with chemotherapy seems to improve patient outcomes, but this topic is still controversial due to potential drug interactions. We report a case of a 29-year old woman diagnosed with AIDS presenting with symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Subsequent investigation by CT scan and endoscopic biopsy discovered a sinonasal BL in an early stage. The patient was treated with intensive chemotherapy and HAARTHAART and achieved a complete remission and long-term immunologic recovery. This case report describes a rare entity whose natural history, treatment and prognosis is infrequently characterized in the medical literature.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Linfoma de Burkitt/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Burkitt/etiologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/patologia , Adulto , Linfoma de Burkitt/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma de Burkitt/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Seios Paranasais/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The objective of this study is to evaluate the reproductive efficiency in donors and recipient Mangalarga Marchador mares in commercial programmes of embryo transfer (ET) and the effects of some reproductive characteristics and ET methodology on conception rates in the recipient mares. A total of 1140 flushing procedures were performed and 830 embryos (72.8%) were recovered. There were no differences between the rates of embryonic recovery in the different breeding seasons (p > 0.05) and 92.8% of the recovered embryos were 8-9 days old. There was no difference in the embryonic recovery regarding the collection order from the first to the ninth embryo collection along the breeding season, as well as among mares inseminated during the foal heat or subsequent cycles (p > 0.05). Pregnancy rates observed in the total period of all reproductive seasons at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of pregnancy were 73.4, 69.9, 66.7 and 64.5%, respectively. Differences in pregnancy rate and early embryonic loss rates were not observed between embryos transferred immediately after collection (66.8% and 13.5%) and embryos transported at room temperature for periods of < 1 h (62.9% and 14.4%; p > 0.05). Pregnancy rates were higher when the interval between ovulations of donor and recipient mares remained between -3 and -2 days (p < 0.05), and the lowest rates were observed for intervals of -6 days (p < 0.05) with intermediary values for intervals of -1, 0 and +1 (p > 0.05). Embryonic loss rates, however, did not differ between intervals of ovulation's synchronism between donor and recipient mares (p > 0.05). This flexibilization in the ovulatory synchronism between donor and recipient mares optimizes the use of recipient mares, thus reducing costs and facilitating management of horse breeding farms.