RESUMO
One of the main factors limiting tilapia's production is the occurrence of infections caused by Aeromonas and Streptococcus species. This work intended to evaluate a bivalent vaccine against A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae by intraperitoneal (i.p) administration in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil. The study was carried out in two phases: one in the laboratory, on a small scale, and from the results obtained, the study was expanded to a large scale in a production system in cages. The vaccine proved to be safe and effective in laboratory tests, with a vaccine efficacy (VE) of 93.66%. However, in large-scale tests with 12,000 tilapias, the VE was 59.14%, with a better food conversion ratio (1.54 kg) in the vaccinated group compared to the control group (1.27 kg). These results corroborate the efficiency of this tested vaccine; however, they indicate the need for field tests to attest to real protection.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Leishmaniasis are infectious and zoonotic diseases and present in cutaneous and visceral forms. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic and widely distributed throughout the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Several cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs associated with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis have been reported in the state. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of natural infection by Leishmania(Viannia) braziliensis in wild mammals found dead (by trampling or natural death) in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo State. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2019, 60 animals were collected. Of these, 47 animals from 12 different species were analyzed. The results were demonstrated using descriptive analysis of the observations to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies of the data. RESULTS: In the PCR, using specific primers for the genus Leishmania (D1, D2, and D3) and the species Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (ISVB/ISVC), 4 positive animals (8.5%) were detected: 1 Cuniculus paca (paca) (25%) and 3 Callithrix geoffroyi (white-faced marmoset) (25%). In the histopathological analysis, the parasitic amastigote form was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The natural infection, detected by PCR, by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Cuniculus paca (paca) and Callithrix geoffroyi (white-faced marmoset) constitutes the first report of infection of this rodent and primate species in the literature. Despite the confirmation of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in rodents and primates, the role of these species in the transmission of this zoonosis still needs further observational studies to identify their seasonal variation, transmissibility, infection stability, and the effects of a given parasite on the population and/or individual.
Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/veterinária , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Roedores , Zoonoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Dioctophyme renale is the largest parasitic nematode of animals. It is most often found in the right kidney, but can also occur in the urinary system, ears, free abdominal cavity, mammary gland, thoracic cavity, and more rarely in subcutaneous tissue. The genus Dirofilaria has specific parasitic characteristics according to its location, and may parasitize the respiratory tract or even the skin, varying according to species. This report describes a case of Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. An adult male mongrel cat showed physical enlargement in the left inguinal region, diagnosed as a subcutaneous nodule. Surgical excision and histopathological evaluation of the nodule were performed, and Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. were found inside. Dioctophymosis and heartworm disease are present in Brazil and most other countries, but this is the unprecedented case of the association of Dioctophyme renale and Dirofilaria sp. in the subcutaneous tissue of a cat.
RESUMO
The broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802), is one of the six crocodilian species from Brazil. The topography, morphology and morphometry of the broad-snouted caiman heart were studied. Data were obtained from the necropsy of four adult animals, three females and one male. The hearts were removed from the coelomic cavity and fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hr for morphological and morphometric description. The heart is in the cranial mediastinum. It is caudally involved by the liver cranial margins, and ventrally by the ribs, intercostal muscles, and sternum and dorsally by the lungs. The four-chambered morphology is typical with two (right and left) atria and ventricles. Right and left aortic, pulmonary and subclavian arteries branch from the truncus arteriosus. Gubernaculum cordis is present as ligamentous folds uniting the heart apex to the pericardium. Main morphometric means are the apex-to-base length (49.86 mm), circumference (105.25 mm) and heart weight (45.03 g). The right atrium is craniocaudally longer with thicker walls, whereas the left ventricle is narrower. The topography, morphology and morphometry of the heart of C. latirostris are consistent with the anatomy of other crocodilian species.
Assuntos
Jacarés e Crocodilos , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots store carbohydrate in the form of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which improve intestinal health. Yacon has the potential to prevent the intestinal barrier alterations associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of yacón flour (YF) on alterations promoted by CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. RESULTS: CRC increased tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (group CY = 10.2 ± 0.72; group C = 9.6 ± 1.0; group Y = 5.8 ± 0.54; group S = 5.95 ± 0.6 pg mL-1 ) and short-chain fatty acid production, and decreased total antioxidant capacity (group CY = 4.7 ± 0.72; group C = 3.3 ± 0.3; group Y = 4.1 ± 0.47; group S = 6.7 ± 0.78 U mL-1 ). Furthermore, YF treatment reduced intraluminal pH (group CY = 6.45 ± 0.47; group C = 7.65 ± 0.44; group Y = 6.75 ± 0.46; group S = 8.13 ± 0.2), lactulose/mannitol ratio, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interleukin (IL)-10 ratio, and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (group CY = 9.48 ± 1.46; group C = 10.95 ± 3.87; group Y = 15.95 ± 7.36; group S = 9.19 ± 1.52), but did not affect IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels nor the IL-12/IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSION: YF as a source of fructooligosaccharides may help to maintain the integrity of intestinal health, which is altered in induced CRC in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Oligossacarídeos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinogênese , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/imunologia , Masculino , Raízes de Plantas/química , Prebióticos/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, found in some Astragalus and Oxytropis (i.e., locoweed) species, is a potent cellular glycosidase inhibitor that often poisons livestock. Other toxic genera such as some Ipomoea species also contain swainsonine as well as calystegines which are similar polyhydroxy alkaloids. The toxicity of calystegines is poorly characterized; however, they are also potent glycoside inhibitors capable of intestinal and cellular glycoside dysfunction. The objective of this study was to directly compare A. lentiginosus and I. carnea poisoning in goats to better characterize the role of the calystegines. Three groups of four goats each were treated with ground alfalfa (control), I. carnea or A. lentiginosus to obtain daily doses of 0.0, 1.5, and 1.5â¯mg swainsonine/kg bw per day, respectively, for 45 days. Animals were observed daily and weekly body weights, serum enzyme activities, and serum swainsonine concentrations were determined. At day 45 all animals were euthanized and necropsied. Goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea developed clinical disease characterized by mild intention tremors and proprioceptive deficits. Goats treated with A. lentiginosus developed clinical disease sooner and with greater consistency. No differences in body weight, serum swainsonine concentrations and serum enzyme activity were observed between goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea. Additionally, there were no differences in the microscopic and histochemical studies of the visceral and neurologic lesions observed between goats treated with A. lentiginosus and I. carnea. These findings suggest that I. carnea-induced clinical signs and lesions are due to swainsonine and that calystegines contribute little or nothing to toxicity in goats in the presence of swainsonine.
Assuntos
Astrágalo/intoxicação , Doenças das Cabras/etiologia , Ipomoea/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Swainsonina/intoxicação , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/enzimologia , Doenças das Cabras/patologia , Cabras , Masculino , Propriocepção/efeitos dos fármacos , Swainsonina/sangue , Tremor/veterinária , Tropanos/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of arginine in the diet of Japanese quails and to determine which provides the best egg production indices. We used 400 birds with an initial average weight of 180 g at 140 days of age. These were distributed among experimental units in a randomized design. Five levels of digestible arginine were studied (1.148, 1.256, 1.364, 1.472, and 1.580%) in reference to a fixed level of digestible lysine (1.083%; for arginine to lysine ratios of 1.06, 1.16, 1.26, 1.36, and 1.46). Each treatment was replicated 10 times for a total of 50 experimental units, each with eight quails. Feed rations, leftovers, and dead animals were weighed to calculate and adjust performance parameters. The variables analyzed were: daily feed intake (DFI), egg laying rate (ER), average egg weight (EW), total egg mass (EM), feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs (FCEM and FCDE), yolk, skin, and albumen weights (AYW, ASW and AAW), relative weights of yolk, albumen and shell (RYW, RAW and RSW), the Haugh unit (HU), and the percentage of eggs suitable for market (EP). The variables associated with performance and internal and external quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by different levels of arginine, except for EP, which decreased linearly (P = 0.009) with increasing arginine according to the equation: ? = -3.44x + 103.13, r²
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de arginina digestível e determinar aquele que proporciona os melhores índices produtivos em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 400 aves com peso médio inicial de 180 gramas aos 140 dias de idade, distribuídas nas unidades experimentais em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram utilizados cinco níveis crescentes de arginina digestível (1,148; 1,256; 1,364; 1,472; 1,580%) sob um nível fixo de lisina digestível de 1,083%, correspondendo à relação arginina: lisina digestível de (1,06; 1,16; 1,26; 1,36; 1,46), portanto, foram cinco tratamentos com dez repetições cada, num total de 50 unidades experimentais. Cada unidade experimental continha oito codornas. As rações, as sobras e os animais mortos eram pesados a fim de se calcular e ajustar os parâmetros de desempenho. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo de ração diário (CRD), taxa de postura (TP), peso médio dos ovos (PO), massa dos ovos (MO), conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos (CAMO e CADO), pesos da gema, casca e albúmen (PG, PC e PA), pesos relativos da gema, da casca e do albúmen (PRG, PRC e PRA), além da unidade Haugh (UH) e percentual de ovos comercializáveis (OC). As variáveis de desempenho e de qualidade interna e externa de ovos em análise não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes níveis de arginina, a exceçã
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of arginine in the diet of Japanese quails and to determine which provides the best egg production indices. We used 400 birds with an initial average weight of 180 g at 140 days of age. These were distributed among experimental units in a randomized design. Five levels of digestible arginine were studied (1.148, 1.256, 1.364, 1.472, and 1.580%) in reference to a fixed level of digestible lysine (1.083%; for arginine to lysine ratios of 1.06, 1.16, 1.26, 1.36, and 1.46). Each treatment was replicated 10 times for a total of 50 experimental units, each with eight quails. Feed rations, leftovers, and dead animals were weighed to calculate and adjust performance parameters. The variables analyzed were: daily feed intake (DFI), egg laying rate (ER), average egg weight (EW), total egg mass (EM), feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs (FCEM and FCDE), yolk, skin, and albumen weights (AYW, ASW and AAW), relative weights of yolk, albumen and shell (RYW, RAW and RSW), the Haugh unit (HU), and the percentage of eggs suitable for market (EP). The variables associated with performance and internal and external quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by different levels of arginine, except for EP, which decreased linearly (P = 0.009) with increasing arginine according to the equation: ? = -3.44x + 103.13, r²
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de arginina digestível e determinar aquele que proporciona os melhores índices produtivos em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 400 aves com peso médio inicial de 180 gramas aos 140 dias de idade, distribuídas nas unidades experimentais em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram utilizados cinco níveis crescentes de arginina digestível (1,148; 1,256; 1,364; 1,472; 1,580%) sob um nível fixo de lisina digestível de 1,083%, correspondendo à relação arginina: lisina digestível de (1,06; 1,16; 1,26; 1,36; 1,46), portanto, foram cinco tratamentos com dez repetições cada, num total de 50 unidades experimentais. Cada unidade experimental continha oito codornas. As rações, as sobras e os animais mortos eram pesados a fim de se calcular e ajustar os parâmetros de desempenho. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo de ração diário (CRD), taxa de postura (TP), peso médio dos ovos (PO), massa dos ovos (MO), conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos (CAMO e CADO), pesos da gema, casca e albúmen (PG, PC e PA), pesos relativos da gema, da casca e do albúmen (PRG, PRC e PRA), além da unidade Haugh (UH) e percentual de ovos comercializáveis (OC). As variáveis de desempenho e de qualidade interna e externa de ovos em análise não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes níveis de arginina, a exceçã
RESUMO
The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). The diet without growth promoter resulted in the lowest ratio of villous:crypt (P 0.05). The addition of Brazilian red pepper in the diet of broiler chickens reduced the relative weight of the intestines compared to broilers fed diet without growth promoter (P 0.05). In this study there was no significant difference in crypt depth and in villous height between treatments (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) como promotor de crescimento nas rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e morfometria intestinal desses animais. Foram utilizados 300 pintos de um dia de vida, tipo corte, machos, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram alojadas em 20 boxes de 2m² (15 aves boxe-1), distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em grupos de quatro (4) tratamentos e cinco (5) repetições, com 15 aves cada. Os grupos foram identificados como T1: dieta sem promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira-vermelha (controle negativo); T2: dieta com promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira (antimicrobiano e anticoccidiano - controle positivo); T3: dieta contendo somente antimicrobiano (bacitracina de zinco); T4: dieta com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho animal (P>0,05). Contudo, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos dos intestinos verificou-se que, aos 21 dias de idade, os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento apresentaram maior relação vilo:cripta, que não diferiu dos tratados com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha (P>0,05). As aves arraçoadas com uma dieta sem promotor de crescimento (sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano) tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta (P 0,05). A adição de óleo de aroeira-vermelha na dieta de frangos de corte reduziu o peso relativo dos intestinos quando comparado com a dieta sem promotor de crescimento (P 0,05), não diferindo dos tratados com promotor de crescimento (P>0,05). Neste estudo, não houve diferença significativa na profundidade das criptas de Lieberkühn e na altura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira promoveu uma melhoria na superfície absortiva intestinal das aves, quando comparado com as aves alimentadas sem promotor de crescimento.
RESUMO
The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of Brazilian red pepper oil (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), as an additive in feed on performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers. A total of 300 day-old male chicks, Cobb, distributed in a randomized design in groups of four (4) treatments and five repetitions, with 15 birds each: diet without growth promoter and without Brazilian red pepper oil (negative control); diet with growth promoter (antimicrobial and anticoccidial - positive control); diet containing only antimicrobial (bacitracin zinc); diet with 0.4% of Brazilian red pepper oil. It was not verified significantly dietary effects on the performance of birds (P>0.05). At 21 days of age, the broilers chicks fed with growth promoter showed greater ratio of villous:crypt which not differs from chickens fed with 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil (P 0.05). The diet without growth promoter resulted in the lowest ratio of villous:crypt (P 0.05). The addition of Brazilian red pepper in the diet of broiler chickens reduced the relative weight of the intestines compared to broilers fed diet without growth promoter (P 0.05). In this study there was no significant difference in crypt depth and in villous height between treatments (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of 0.4% Brazilian red pepper oil resulted an improvement in intestinal absorptive surface of broilers compared with chickens fed with diet without growth promoter.
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo essencial de aroeira-vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) como promotor de crescimento nas rações de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e morfometria intestinal desses animais. Foram utilizados 300 pintos de um dia de vida, tipo corte, machos, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram alojadas em 20 boxes de 2m² (15 aves boxe-1), distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em grupos de quatro (4) tratamentos e cinco (5) repetições, com 15 aves cada. Os grupos foram identificados como T1: dieta sem promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira-vermelha (controle negativo); T2: dieta com promotor de crescimento e sem óleo de aroeira (antimicrobiano e anticoccidiano - controle positivo); T3: dieta contendo somente antimicrobiano (bacitracina de zinco); T4: dieta com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho animal (P>0,05). Contudo, quanto aos aspectos morfométricos dos intestinos verificou-se que, aos 21 dias de idade, os animais tratados com promotor de crescimento apresentaram maior relação vilo:cripta, que não diferiu dos tratados com 0,4% de óleo de aroeira-vermelha (P>0,05). As aves arraçoadas com uma dieta sem promotor de crescimento (sem antibiótico e anticoccidiano) tiveram a menor relação vilo:cripta (P 0,05). A adição de óleo de aroeira-vermelha na dieta de frangos de corte reduziu o peso relativo dos intestinos quando comparado com a dieta sem promotor de crescimento (P 0,05), não diferindo dos tratados com promotor de crescimento (P>0,05). Neste estudo, não houve diferença significativa na profundidade das criptas de Lieberkühn e na altura das vilosidades entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de 0,4% de óleo de aroeira promoveu uma melhoria na superfície absortiva intestinal das aves, quando comparado com as aves alimentadas sem promotor de crescimento.