RESUMO
Food products can be possible vectors of the agent responsible for cholera epidemics, because some of these products allow Vibrio cholerae O1 to develop to concentrations above the dangerous level. This study deals with the behaviour of essential oils, natural and concentrated lemon juice and fresh and dehydrated lemon peel against V. cholerae O1 biotype Eltor serotype Inaba tox+. Our aim was to evaluate whether these products, used at different dilutions, exhibit bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against the microorganism, when present at concentrations of 10(2), 10(4), 10(6) and 10(8) colony forming units (CFU) ml(-1), and after different exposure times. 10(8) CFU ml(-1) was considered an infectious dose. Concentrated lemon juice and essential oils inhibited V. cholerae completely at all studied dilutions and exposure times. Fresh lemon peel and dehydrated lemon peel partially inhibited growth of V. cholerae. Freshly squeezed lemon juice, diluted to 10(-2), showed complete inhibition of V. cholerae at a concentration of 10(8) CFU ml(-1) after 5 min of exposure time; a dilution of 2 x 10(-3) produced inhibition after 15 min and a dilution of 10(-3) after 30 min. It can be concluded that lemon, a natural product which is easily obtained, acts as a biocide against V. cholerae, and is, therefore, an efficient decontaminant, harmless to humans.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Citrus/química , Vibrio cholerae/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Meios de Cultura , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This paper studied the effect of intranasal inoculation of Lactobacillus fermentum, a microorganism belonging to the normal flora of the mouse pharynx, on the respiratory tract of mice. Optimal temporary colonization in different areas of the tract was obtained through administration of 4 times a dose of 5 x 10(7) CFU. L. fermentum remained in the trachea and bronchi up to the 7th day after inoculation. Re-inoculation of lactobacilli on the 10th day produced a transient colonization of the respiratory tract. Histological modifications produced in the trachea were mainly observed as an increased lymphocyte population at sub-mucosa level on the 4th day after inoculation. There was an increased number of activated macrophages in cytological slides of lung tissues on days 2 and 4. Re-inoculation also produced stimulation of the G2 macrophages on days 12, 14 and 17. From a histological point of view there were no other important changes in the organs studied. These results suggest stimulation of the immune system, especially that of the mucosal surfaces, after intranasal administration of L. fermentum in the experimental model employed. Stimulation was reflected in tracheal lymphocyte proliferation and increased lung macrophage population which have to be further studied in more detail.
Assuntos
Lactobacillus , Sistema Respiratório/microbiologia , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Macrófagos Alveolares/microbiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Sistema Respiratório/citologiaRESUMO
Tucuman is the first lemon exporting province in Argentina and the fourth lemon exporter in the world. The present work was set up to study the survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 Tox+ after application of different chemical products used in the lemon production (from its cultivation until its packing). The following products were studied: copper oxychloride, benomil (a carbamate), active chlorine, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine (a polyamine mixture), imazalil (an imidazole) and fresh and dehydrated lemon peel. Using different dilutions of the products above mentioned antimicrobial tests were carried out with different exposure times against V. cholerae Serogroup O1, Biotype El Tor, Serotype Inaba. The microorganism was used at concentrations of 10(2), 10(4), 10(6) and 10(8) CFU ml-1, the latter one being considered as an infectious dose. The following results were obtained: 1) Active chlorine (chlorinated water) showed bactericidal activity at concentrations of 0.5 x 10(-1), 10(-1), y 2 x 10(-1) g l-1 after 10 min of exposure time. 2) Copper oxychloride, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine and imazalil showed bactericidal activity against V. cholerae at concentrations of 10(2) and 10(4) CFU ml-1. 3) Due to the fact that the fruit is successively sprayed with several chemical products during its cultivation, it could be proposed that the result of the successive treatments is superior to the result of a treatment with each of the individual products. This consideration should be taken into account when evaluating the eventual protection of the lemon.
Assuntos
Citrus/microbiologia , Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Vibrio cholerae/efeitos dos fármacos , Agricultura/métodos , Argentina , Benomilo/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Cloro/farmacologia , Cobre/farmacologia , Dessecação , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Conservação de Alimentos , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The present research was set up to verify whether the chemical products used in lemon production (from cultivation until packaging) have a bactericidal or a bacteriostatic ability against Vibrio cholerae O1. The studied products were: copper oxychloride, benomil (a carbamate), active chlorine, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine (a polyamine mixture), imazalil (an imidazole) and lemon peel. The latter was studied with and without treatment using the above mentioned chemicals. Different dilutions of these products were tried out with varying exposure times against the bacterium V. cholerae Serogroup O1, Biotype E1 Tor, Serotype Inaba. The concentrations of the microorganism ranged from 10(2) to 10(8) CFU ml-1, the latter one being considered an infectious dose. The following results were obtained: 1) active chlorine (chlorinated water) showed bactericidal activity at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 ppm after 10 min of exposure time, 2) copper oxychloride, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine and imazalil showed bactericidal activity against V. cholerae at concentrations of 10(2) and 10(4) CFU ml-1, 3) due to the fact that during its cultivation the fruit is successively sprayed with several chemical products, it could be that the result of the successive treatments is superior to the result of a repeated treatment with each of the individual products. This consideration should be taken into account when evaluating the eventual protection of the lemon.
Assuntos
Agroquímicos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Citrus , Vibrio cholerae/efeitos dos fármacos , Argentina , Benomilo/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Cloro/farmacologia , Cobre/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
A group of 298 sexually active women who consulted for cervicitis, sterility or infertility were studied to detect the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum and also to correlate the presence of these pathogens with tube damage. Chlamydial antigens were detected with a fluorescent commercial reagent with specific monoclonal antibodies. The isolation of U. urealyticum was made following the Shepard and Lunceford (19) techniques. In all samples of endocervical canal, we observed a higher incidence of chlamydial antigens (42.8%) with respect to U. urealyticum (5.7%). In peritoneal liquid the values were 38.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the group of infertile women, we observed a higher incidence of C. trachomatis (49.5%), with 31.7% in the sterile group and 53.2% in those women with cervicitis without failures in reproduction. The frequency of U. urealyticum was 11.1%, 6.1% and 4%, respectively. According to the results obtained we can postulate that there is no correlation between infections produced by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum and failures in reproduction.
Assuntos
Líquido Ascítico/microbiologia , Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Infertilidade Feminina/etiologia , Infecções por Ureaplasma/epidemiologia , Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolamento & purificação , Cervicite Uterina/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Prevalência , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções por Ureaplasma/microbiologia , Ureaplasma urealyticum/imunologiaRESUMO
A group of 298 sexually active women who consulted for cervicitis, sterility or infertility were studied to detect the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum and also to correlate the presence of these pathogens with tube damage. Chlamydial antigens were detected with a fluorescent commercial reagent with specific monoclonal antibodies. The isolation of U. urealyticum was made following the Shepard and Lunceford (19) techniques. In all samples of endocervical canal, we observed a higher incidence of chlamydial antigens (42.8
) with respect to U. urealyticum (5.7
). In peritoneal liquid the values were 38.8
and 5.5
, respectively. In the group of infertile women, we observed a higher incidence of C. trachomatis (49.5
), with 31.7
in the sterile group and 53.2
in those women with cervicitis without failures in reproduction. The frequency of U. urealyticum was 11.1
, 6.1
and 4
, respectively. According to the results obtained we can postulate that there is no correlation between infections produced by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum and failures in reproduction.
RESUMO
A group of 298 sexually active women who consulted for cervicitis, sterility or infertility were studied to detect the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum and also to correlate the presence of these pathogens with tube damage. Chlamydial antigens were detected with a fluorescent commercial reagent with specific monoclonal antibodies. The isolation of U. urealyticum was made following the Shepard and Lunceford (19) techniques. In all samples of endocervical canal, we observed a higher incidence of chlamydial antigens (42.8
) with respect to U. urealyticum (5.7
). In peritoneal liquid the values were 38.8
, respectively. In the group of infertile women, we observed a higher incidence of C. trachomatis (49.5
), with 31.7
in the sterile group and 53.2
in those women with cervicitis without failures in reproduction. The frequency of U. urealyticum was 11.1
, respectively. According to the results obtained we can postulate that there is no correlation between infections produced by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum and failures in reproduction.
RESUMO
A group of 298 sexually active women who consulted for cervicitis, sterility or infertility were studied to detect the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum and also to correlate the presence of these pathogens with tube damage. Chlamydial antigens were detected with a fluorescent commercial reagent with specific monoclonal antibodies. The isolation of U. urealyticum was made following the Shepard and Lunceford (19) techniques. In all samples of endocervical canal, we observed a higher incidence of chlamydial antigens (42.8
) with respect to U. urealyticum (5.7
). In peritoneal liquid the values were 38.8
, respectively. In the group of infertile women, we observed a higher incidence of C. trachomatis (49.5
), with 31.7
in the sterile group and 53.2
in those women with cervicitis without failures in reproduction. The frequency of U. urealyticum was 11.1
, respectively. According to the results obtained we can postulate that there is no correlation between infections produced by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum and failures in reproduction.
RESUMO
A group of 298 sexually active women who consulted for cervicitis, sterility or infertility were studied to detect the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum and also to correlate the presence of these pathogens with tube damage. Chlamydial antigens were detected with a fluorescent commercial reagent with specific monoclonal antibodies. The isolation of U. urealyticum was made following the Shepard and Lunceford (19) techniques. In all samples of endocervical canal, we observed a higher incidence of chlamydial antigens (42.8
) with respect to U. urealyticum (5.7
). In peritoneal liquid the values were 38.8
and 5.5
, respectively. In the group of infertile women, we observed a higher incidence of C. trachomatis (49.5
), with 31.7
in the sterile group and 53.2
in those women with cervicitis without failures in reproduction. The frequency of U. urealyticum was 11.1
, 6.1
and 4
, respectively. According to the results obtained we can postulate that there is no correlation between infections produced by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum and failures in reproduction.