RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Minimal detectable change (MDC) when assessing balance using the Biodex Balance System (BBS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is currently unknown, limiting the interpretability of the scores. OBJECTIVE: To determine the MDC on the Anterior/Posterior Stability Index (APSI), Medial/Lateral Stability Index (MLSI), and Overall Stability Index (OSI) from postural stability and fall risk protocols of the BBS in patients with PD. DESIGN: This was a repeated-measures design (at a 1-week interval). SETTING: Strength training laboratory of a public university. PATIENTS: 46 patients with PD (men and women) at stages 2 and 3 (67.9 ± 7.4 years old) were assessed in the "on" state (fully medicated). METHODS: Patients performed three trials of 20 s for each protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Absolute and relative MDC (MDC%) calculated for APSI, MLSI, and OSI from the postural stability (stable condition) and fall risk protocols (unstable condition). RESULTS: For the postural stability, the MDC and MDC% were 0.26° and 17% for APSI, 0.41° and 21% for MLSI, and 0.22° and 12% for OSI, respectively. For the fall risk, the MDC and MDC% were 0.51° and 18% for APSI, 0.21° and 15% for MLSI, and 0.41° and 20% for OSI, respectively. These results were considered acceptable, despite indices with high MDC for MLSI (postural stability) and APSI (fall risk). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD have more mediolateral and anteroposterior changes in the stable and unstable conditions, respectively. These abnormal balance strategies can occur principally due to postural instability of PD. However, our results demonstrated acceptable MDCs in both conditions in all of the assessed axes. Thus, BBS should be incorporated into the clinical evaluation to help therapists to determine if intervention-induced changes in balance are clinically significant or due to measurement error. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson , Equilíbrio Postural , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with major depression disorder presents increased rates of cognitive decline, reduced hippocampal volume, poor sleep quality, hypertension, obesity, suicidal ideation and behavior, and decreased functionality. Although continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) improves some of the aforementioned symptoms, comorbidities, and conditions, recent studies have suggested that performing aerobic exercise with motor complexity (AEMC) may be more beneficial for cognitive decline, hippocampal volume, and functionality. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of CAE and AEMC on depression score, cognitive function, hippocampal volume, brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, sleep parameters, cardiovascular risk parameters, suicidal behavior, functionality, and treatment costs in patients with depression. METHODS/DESIGN: Seventy-five medicated patients with depression will be recruited from a Basic Healthcare Unit to participate in this prospective, parallel group, single blinded, superiority, randomized controlled trial. Patients with depression according to DSM-V criteria will be balanced and randomly assigned (based on depression scores and number of depressive episodes) to a non-exercising control (C), CAE, and AEMC groups. The CAE and AEMC groups will exercise for 60 min, twice a week for 24 weeks (on non-consecutive days). Exercise intensity will be maintained between 12 and 14 points of the rating of perceived exertion scale (~ 70-80% of the maximum heart rate). The CAE group will perform a continuous aerobic exercise while the AEMC group will perform exercises with progressively increased motor complexity. Blinded raters will assess patients before and after the intervention period. The primary outcome measure will be the change in depression score measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes will include measures of cognitive function, hippocampal volume, brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, sleep parameters, cardiovascular risk parameters, suicidal behavior, functionality, and treatment costs. DISCUSSION: This study was selected in the call of public policy programs for the Brazilian Unified National Health System - "PPSUS 2015". To our knowledge, this is the first pragmatic trial to test the effect of adding AEMC to the pharmacological treatment of patients with depression and to evaluate the possible reductions in depression symptoms and healthcare costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) - RBR-9zgxzd - Registered on 4 Jan. 2017.