RESUMO
The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the paclitaxel (PTX) drug formulated with a liposomal nanosystem (L-PTX) in a peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer. In vitro cell viability studies with the human ovarian cancer line A2780 showed a 50% decrease in the inhibitory concentration for L-PTX compared to free PTX. A2780 cells treated with the L-PTX formulation demonstrated a reduced capacity to form colonies in comparison to those treated with PTX. Cell death following L-PTX administration hinted at apoptosis, with most cells undergoing initial apoptosis. A2780 cells exhibited an inhibitory migration profile when analyzed by Wound Healing and real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence) methods after L-PTX administration. This inhibition was related to decreased expression of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and transforming growth factor 2 (TGF-ß2) genes. In vivoL-PTX administration strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation in ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer, indicating higher antitumor activity than PTX. L-PTX formulation did not show toxicity in the mice model. This study demonstrated that liposomal paclitaxel formulations are less toxic to normal tissues than free paclitaxel and are more effective in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation/migration and inducing ZEB1/TGF-ß2 gene expression.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/patologia , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Lipossomos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Aim: To investigate the effect of liposomes containing the classical cytotoxic drugs paclitaxel and doxorubicin (Lipo-Pacli/Dox), against a metastatic breast cancer model. We also investigated if Lipo-Pacli/Dox was capable of reverting the tolerogenic environment of metastatic lesions. Materials & methods: Immunogenic cell death induction by the Pacli/Dox combination was assessed in vitro. Antitumor activity and in vivo safety of Lipo-Pacli/Dox were evaluated using a 4T1 breast cancer mouse model Results: Lipo-Pacli/Dox, with a size of 189 nm and zeta potential of -5.01 mV, promoted immune system activation and partially controlled the progression of pulmonary metastasis. Conclusion: Lipo-Pacli/Dox was useful to control both primary tumor and lung metastasis in breast cancer (4T1) mice model. Additionally, Lipo-Pacli/Dox acts as an immunological modulator for this metastatic breast cancer model.
Assuntos
Lipossomos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Paclitaxel , PrognósticoRESUMO
Liposomes are lipid vesicles widely used as nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes. A strategy to prolong the blood circulation time of the liposomes includes the addition of a hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety onto the surface of the vesicle. Several studies claim that liposome PEGylation by a single chain length or a combination of PEG with different chain lengths may alter the liposomes' pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of PEG on the biodistribution of pH-sensitive liposomes in a tumor-bearing animal model. Three liposomal formulations (PEGylated or not) were prepared and validated to have a similar mean diameter, monodisperse distribution, and neutral zeta potential. The pharmacokinetic properties of each liposome were evaluated in healthy animals, while the biodistribution and scintigraphic images were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice. High tumor-to-muscle ratios were not statistically different between the PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomes. While PEGylation is a well-established strategy for increasing the blood circulation of nanostructures, in our study, the use of polymer coating did not result in a better in vivo profile. Further studies must be carried out to confirm the feasibility of the non-PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes for tumor treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/fisiopatologia , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacocinética , Tecnécio/química , Animais , Tempo de Circulação Sanguínea , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lipossomos , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Transplante de Neoplasias , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, with a high mortality rate due to the elevated risk of resistance. Natural cucurbitacins and their derivatives are recognized as promising antitumor compounds for several types of cancer, including NSCLC. In a recent study published by our research group, DACE (2-deoxy-2-amine-cucurbitacin E), which is a semisynthetic derivative of cucurbitacin B, showed potential in vitro synergistic antiproliferative effects combined with paclitaxel (PTX) in A549 cells. In sequence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antitumor efficacy of this combined therapy as well as with these drugs individually, using a human NSCLC xenograft model. Some indicators of sub chronic toxicity that could be affected by treatments were also assessed. The results obtained in vivo with the combined treatment (1mg/kg+PTX 10mg/kg) showed the most effective reduction of the relative tumor volume and the highest inhibition of tumor growth and proliferation, when compared with those of the single treatments. Furthermore, scintigraphic images, obtained before and after the treatments, showed that the most effective protocol able to reduce the residual viable tumor mass was the combined treatment. All treatment regimens were well tolerated without significant changes in body weight and no histological and functional damage to liver and kidney tissues. These results corroborate our previous in vitro synergistic effects published. Taken together, these insights are novel and highlight the therapeutic potential of DACE and PTX combination scheme for NSCLC.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Células A549 , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Paclitaxel/toxicidade , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Testes de Toxicidade Subcrônica , Triterpenos/toxicidade , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Imagem Corporal Total , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The use of nanoparticles for diagnostic approaches leads to higher accumulation in the targeting tissue promoting a better signal-to-noise ratio and consequently, early tumor detection through scintigraphic techniques. Such approaches have inherent advantages, including the possibility of association with a variety of gamma-emitting radionuclides available, among them, Tecnethium-99m (99mTc). 99mTc is readily conjugated with nanoparticles using chelating agents, such as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Leveraging this approach, we synthesized polymeric micelles (PM) consisting of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (DSPE-mPEG2000) functionalized with DTPA for radiolabeling with 99mTc. Micelles made up of DSPE-mPEG2000 and DSPE-PEG2000-DTPA had a mean diameter of â¼10nm, as measured by DLS and SAXS techniques, and a zeta potential of -2.7±1.1mV. Radiolabeled micelles exhibited high radiochemical yields and stability. In vivo assays indicated long blood circulation time (456.3min). High uptake in liver, spleen and kidneys was observed in the biodistribution and imaging studies on healthy and tumor-bearing mice. In addition, a high tumor-to-muscle ratio was detected, which increased over time, showing accumulation of the PM in the tumor region. These findings indicate that this system is a promising platform for simultaneous delivery of therapeutic agents and diagnostic probes.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Polímeros/química , Radioisótopos/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Micelas , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Distribuição Tecidual/fisiologiaRESUMO
Nitroheterocyclic compounds have received considerable interest as hypoxia-selective cytotoxins (HSC) for cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated antitumor activity of an iodide analogue of metronidazole, 1-(2-iodoethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (MTZ-I), using Swiss mice bearing solid Ehrlich tumor. MTZ-I showed potent anti-cancer activity at a dose of 40 mg/kg. MTZ-I loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed as an alternative colloidal carrier system to enhance tumor drug uptake. SLN were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. In addition, the influence of presence of the cationic lipid stearylamine (STE) on stability of formulation was assessed. The results of DSC study showed that MTZ-I exhibited interaction with STE.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Lipídeos/química , Metronidazol/análogos & derivados , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Nanocápsulas/administração & dosagem , Nanocápsulas/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Difusão , Camundongos , Nanocápsulas/ultraestrutura , Tamanho da Partícula , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This work aims to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with retinoic acid (RA) to evaluate the influence of two lipophilic amines, stearylamine (SA) and benethamine (BA), and one hydrophilic, triethylamine (TA), on drug-encapsulation efficiency (EE) and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. The SLNs were characterized for EE, size, and zeta potential. The mean particle size decreased from 155 ± 1 nm (SLNs without amine) to 104 ± 4, 95 ± 1, and 96 ± 1 nm for SLNs prepared with SA, BA, and TA, respectively. SA-RA-loaded SLNs resulted in positively charged particles, whereas those with TA and BA were negatively charged. The EEs were significantly improved with the addition of the amines, and they increased from 36% ± 6% (without amine) to 97% ± 2%, 90% ± 2%, and 100% ± 1% for SA, TA, and BA, respectively. However, stability studies showed higher EE for BA-RA-loaded SLNs than TA-RA-loaded SLNs after 30 days. The formulations containing SA loaded or unloaded (blank SLNs) with RA were cytotoxic in normal and cancer cell lines. In contrast, the blank SLNs containing TA or BA did not show cytotoxicity in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), while RA-loaded SLNs with the respective amines were significantly more cytotoxic than free RA. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of BA-RA-loaded SLNs was significantly higher than TA-RA-loaded SLNs. These findings are in agreement with the data obtained in the evaluation of subdiploid DNA content and cell-cycle analysis, which showed better anticancer activity for BA-RA-loaded SLNs than TA-RA-loaded SLNs and free RA. Taken together, these findings suggest that the BA-RA-loaded SLN formulation is a promising alternative for the intravenous administration of RA in the treatment of cancer.
Assuntos
Lipídeos/química , Nanocápsulas/química , Nanocápsulas/ultraestrutura , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Tretinoína/administração & dosagem , Tretinoína/química , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cristalização/métodos , Difusão , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Íons , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most active cytotoxic agents commonly used in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The disadvantages of its clinical use are systemic side-effects, such as nephrotoxicity and myelotoxicity. Long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing CDDP (SpHL-CDDP) were developed by our research group aiming to promote the release of CDDP near the tumor as well as decreasing toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy and toxicity of SpHL-CDDP after intraperitoneal administration in initial or disseminated tumor-bearing mice, at a dose of 12 mg/kg. The survival was monitored and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Kidneys, liver and spleen were removed for histopathological examination. Tumor cells were evaluated for cellular viability and cell cycle. The survival of animals treated with SpHL-CDDP was higher than those treated with free CDDP. The cell death caused by treatment with SpHL-CDDP occurred through induction of apoptosis, with a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The treatment of mice presenting initial cancer with both formulations provoked a suppression of granulocytes. Mice treated with free CDDP also showed a decrease in platelet count, which suggests a high myelotoxicity. In an advanced cancer model, SpHL-CDDP treatment allowed an improvement of the immune response. Mice affected by cancer at an early stage and treated with free CDDP or SpHL-CDDP showed a lower urea/creatinine index compared with the saline control group. These findings indicate that both treatments were able to reduce the renal damage caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis. Microscopic analysis of kidneys from mice treated with SpHL-CDDP showed a discrete morphological alteration, while tubular necrosis was observed for free CDDP-treated mice. Concerning hepatotoxicity, no alteration in clinical chemistry parameters was observed. These findings reveal that SpHL-CDDP can improve the antitumor efficacy and decrease renal and bone marrow toxicity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Lipossomos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Apoptose , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Portadores de Fármacos/administração & dosagem , Portadores de Fármacos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Rim/patologia , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Baço/patologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Trombocitopenia/induzido quimicamente , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis represents an exciting alternative for reducing toxicity associated with parenteral administration of conventional amphotericin B. This work aims to develop and to characterize amphotericin B-loaded new carriers and to investigate their potential for topical delivery by conducting permeation studies with pig ear skin in comparison with marketed formulations. Among other formulations, nanoemulsions were developed and characterized for size, encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential. To mimic use conditions in topical therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in vitro skin permeation experiments were conducted using a damaged skin model. High encapsulation efficiency (95%) and low particle size (239 nm) were obtained for amphotericin B-loaded nanoemulsion by employing an ion pairing between the drug and stearylamine. Amphotericin B permeation after 24 h across the dermal membrane was low, regardless of the type of formulation tested. In contrast, amphotericin B penetration into dermal membranes (microg/cm2) from solution (control), aqueous Amphocil, hydroalcoholic Amphocil, Fungizone, mixture Fungizone-Lipofundin, and NE was 17.5 +/- 4, 15.2 +/- 3, 9.6 +/- 3, 3.5 +/- 1, 1.7 +/- 0.3, and 1.1 +/- 0.1, respectively. Amphocil provided the best results, highlighted by its high improvement of dermal penetration of amphotericin B.
Assuntos
Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Anfotericina B/farmacocinética , Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Antiprotozoários/farmacocinética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Administração Cutânea , Aminas/química , Anfotericina B/química , Análise de Variância , Animais , Antiprotozoários/química , Química Farmacêutica , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Emulsões/química , Emulsões/farmacocinética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Pele/química , Pele/metabolismo , Absorção Cutânea , SuínosRESUMO
In the present study, PEG-coated pH-sensitive and PEG-folate-coated pH-sensitive liposomes containing the ¹59Gd-DTPA-BMA were prepared and radiolabeled through neutron activation technique, aiming to study the in vivo antitumoral activity and toxicity on mice bearing a previously-developed solid Ehrlich tumor. The treatment efficacy was verified through tumoral volume increase and histomorphometry studies. The toxicity of formulations was investigated through animal weight variations, as well as hematological and biochemical tests. The results showed that after 31 days of treatment, animals treated with radioactive formulations had a lower increase in tumor volume and a significantly higher percentage of necrosis compared with controls revealed by histomorphometry studies. Furthermore, mice treated with radioactive formulations exhibited lower weight gain without significant hematological or biochemical changes, except for toxicity to hepatocytes which requires more detailed studies. From the results obtained to date, we believe that the radioactive formulations can be considered potential therapeutic agents for cancer.