RESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and identify the species of mycoplasma isolates obtained from seabirds found on Brazilian coastal beaches. Tracheal and cloacal swab samples were collected from 50 seabirds rescued by three conservation and marine animal rehabilitation centers located in Brazil. The tracheal and cloacal samples were subjected to mycoplasma culture and the isolates were identified through PCR. A "Mollicutes-specific" 16S rRNA PCR reaction was employed for triage. Four species-specific PCR reactions were used to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis, or M. gallinarum. The Mollicutes positive and species negative samples were submitted do 16S rRNA sequencing. Eighteen (36%) of 50 seabirds tested positive for mycoplasma by culture. In the PCR for the genus, 28 (56%) of 50 seabirds were positive for Mycoplasma spp., with 13 (26%) detected in the trachea, one (2%) in the cloaca, and 14 (28%) in both sites. In the species-specific PCR, M. gallisepticum was detected in 17.8%, and M. meleagridis in 17.8%. Both species were detected in 14.3%. Of the isolates not characterized at species level, we obtained ten sequences and they were divided into three clusters. The first cluster was closely related to M. meleagridis, the second to M. synoviae, and the third grouped M. tully, M. gallisepticum, and M. imitans. Four and five of nine species of seabirds studied had mycoplasma detected by culture or PCR, respectively. Mycoplasmas were found in the majority of the animals studied, with the highest prevalence proportionally found in Sula leucogaster, and the lowest in Fregata magnificens. The phylogenetic analysis identified Mycoplasma spp. adapted to aquatic birds.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Cloaca , Infecções por Mycoplasma , Mycoplasma , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Animais , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma/genética , Mycoplasma/classificação , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Brasil , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Cloaca/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Traqueia/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Aves/microbiologiaRESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the volumetric change of root canal sealers through micro-computed tomographic analysis using a novel in vivo model and to compare the results with those obtained using an ex vivo test. METHODOLOGY: Eighteen single-rooted teeth were cut to 5 mm length from the root apex. The root canals were uniformly enlarged and filled with EndoSequence BC Sealer or AH Plus Jet root canal sealers. Samples were stored at 37°C and 95% relative humidity for 24 h and then scanned with a micro-CT device. Twelve samples (n = 6 for each sealer) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats, while six samples (n = 3 for each sealer) were immersed in 20 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C at neutral pH. After 7 and 30 days, teeth were removed from subcutaneous tissue or PBS and rescanned. Statistical analysis of volume changes was performed using Shapiro-Wilk's test and independent t-test (p < .05). RESULTS: AH Plus Jet had smaller volume changes (-2.2 to +0.77%) than EndoSequence BC Sealer (-2.0 to +4.0%) (p < .05), in the two tested models. The volume of the root canal sealers decreased over time (p < .05), in vivo. AH Plus Jet results varied between the in vivo and ex vivo results (p < .05), while EndoSequence BC Sealer presented similar volume losses for both experimental models (p > .05). CONCLUSION: EndoSequence BC Sealer lost more volume than AH Plus Jet. The experimental conditions influenced the volumetric change of AH Plus Jet but not the EndoSequence BC Sealer. The ex vivo model should be further explored as a methodological alternative to assess the volumetric changes of root canal sealers without causing harm to animals.
Assuntos
Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Ratos , Animais , Resinas Epóxi , Cavidade Pulpar , Ratos Wistar , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Silicatos , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
This work aimed to detect Mycoplasma cynos, M. canis, M. edwardii, and M. molare in different types of kennels, in addition to evaluating their distribution in different colonization sites. The dogs belonged to different kennels from armed forces (n = 3), shelters (n = 3), and commercial purposes (n = 2). Samples of the oropharynx, genital mucosa, and ear canal were collected from each dog (n = 98), totaling 294 samples. Aliquots were submitted to isolation and the samples confirmed as Mycoplasma spp. were subjected to conventional PCR for M. canis and multiplex PCR for M. edwardii, M. molare, and M. cynos detection. Of the 98 dogs studied, 63.3% (62) were positive in at least one anatomical site evaluated for Mycoplasma spp. Among the 111 anatomical sites positive for Mycoplasma spp., M. canis, M. edwardii, and M. molare were detected in 29.7% (33/111), 40.5% (45/111), and 2.70% (3/111), respectively. No animal was positive for M. cynos.