RESUMO
Background: Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. Method: This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Results: A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Conclusion: Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.
Assuntos
Anidrases Carbônicas , Cárie Dentária , Saliva , Sacarose , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Soluções Tampão , Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estudos Longitudinais , Saliva/enzimologia , Saliva/química , Sacarose/farmacologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by T-cell infiltration of exocrine glands leading to parenchymal destruction and impaired glandular function. This process is orchestrated by cytokines, whose secretion can be regulated by genetic polymorphisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of interleukin-6 -174G/C, interleukin-10 -1082G/A, tumor necrosis factor-α -308G/A, interferon-γ +874A/T gene polymorphisms in (RA) and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS). A study sample that comprised of 138 Brazilian patients was divided into three groups: RA (n = 66), sSS (n = 20), and healthy controls - C (n = 52). Patients were subjected to Schirmer's test, unstimulated salivary flow rate, biopsy of minor salivary glands, and serological tests for diagnosing SS. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples and submitted to genotyping. The association between genotypes/alelle frequency and SS susceptibility was tested, as well as their association with clinical features of SS. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα)-308GA polymorphisms differed significantly between AR, SS, and C patients (P = 0.008). IL-6 overall G carriers and TNFα A carriers had a higher risk of presenting SS (P = 0.021). IL-6 polymorphism distribution was also distinctive regarding lymphocytic infiltration at the minor salivary glands (P = 0.026) and Schirmer's test (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IL-6 -174GC and TNFα-308GA gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to SS. Additionally, IL-6 polymorphism could influence lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands and diminish lachrymal gland function.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adenina , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Autoantígenos/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citosina , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Guanina , Humanos , Interferon gama/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos Cíclicos/sangue , Fator Reumatoide/sangue , Ribonucleoproteínas/sangue , Saliva/metabolismo , Glândulas Salivares Menores/patologia , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/genética , Timina , Adulto Jovem , Antígeno SS-BRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the potential of the optical coherence tomography technique on the evaluation of changes and damages in the enamel structure caused by debonding and cleanup procedures. METHODS: Twin metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to the labial enamel surfaces of 120 incisors; the brackets were debonded 24 hours later. The anterior surfaces of the teeth were scanned, and optical coherence tomography images were captured in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional modes before and after debonding and cleanup. A commercial spectral domain optical coherence tomography system with a 5-µm axial spatial resolution was used. The system is based on the Michelson interferometer setup. It is connected to a preconfigured personal computer, and the images are captured with a scanner probe that controls the light beam position at the sample. A total of 960 images were evaluated. RESULTS: The analysis of the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional images obtained with optical coherence tomography allows observation and evaluation of adhesive remnants, enamel damage, and superficial aspects of enamel from different methods of adhesive remnant removal. The 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography analysis allows in-depth observation of the adhesive remnant layer. CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography can be a powerful tool for academic and clinical applications for the evaluation of debonding procedures.
Assuntos
Descolagem Dentária , Esmalte Dentário/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Descolagem Dentária/instrumentação , Descolagem Dentária/métodos , Esmalte Dentário/lesões , Profilaxia Dentária , Humanos , Radiografia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Juvenile Sjögren's syndrome is a rare condition that affects children and adolescents with distinctive clinical features. Parotid swelling usually precedes regular oral and ocular symptoms, while typical serological findings may be absent. Hence, diagnosing juvenile Sjögren's syndrome may be challenging to the attending pediatric dentist, and long-term management without proper diagnosis may be jeopardized. The purpose of this report was to detail the features of an adolescent with primary Sjögren's syndrome diagnosed 12 years after the onset of the disease. An updated literature review highlighted the unusual aspects of the pediatric form of the disease.