RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brazil leads the world in number of firearm deaths and ranks sixth by country in rate of firearm deaths per 100,000 people. This study aims to analyze trends in and burden of mortality by firearms, according to age and sex, for Brazil, and the association between these deaths and indicators of possession and carrying of weapons using data from the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study (GBD) 2017. METHODS: We used GBD 2017 estimates of mortality due to physical violence and self-harm from firearms for Brazil to analyze the association between deaths by firearms and explanatory variables. RESULTS: Deaths from firearms increased in Brazil from 25,819 in 1990 to 48,493 in 2017. Firearm mortality rates were higher among men and in the 20-24 age group; the rate was 20 times higher than for women in the same age group. Homicide rates increased during the study period, while mortality rates for suicides and accidental deaths decreased. The group of Brazilian federation units with the highest firearm collection rate (median = 7.5) showed reductions in the rate of total violent deaths by firearms. In contrast, the group with the lowest firearm collection rate (median = 2.0) showed an increase in firearm deaths from 2000 to 2017. An increase in the rate of voluntary return of firearms was associated with a reduction in mortality rates of unintentional firearm deaths (r = -0.364, p < 0.001). An increase in socio-demographic index (SDI) was associated with a reduction in all firearm death rates (r = -0.266, p = 0.008). An increase in the composite index of firearms seized or collected was associated with a reduction in rates of deaths by firearm in the subgroup of females, children, and the elderly (r = -0.269, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: There was a change in the trend of firearms deaths after the beginning of the collection of weapons in 2004. Federation units that collected more guns have reduced rates of violent firearm deaths.
Assuntos
Armas de Fogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga Global da Doença/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade/tendências , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Saúde Global , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Características de Residência , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Although there are signs of decline, homicides and traffic-related injuries and deaths in Brazil account for almost two-thirds of all deaths from external causes. In 2007, the homicide rate was 26·8 per 100,000 people and traffic-related mortality was 23·5 per 100,000. Domestic violence might not lead to as many deaths, but its share of violence-related morbidity is large. These are important public health problems that lead to enormous individual and collective costs. Young, black, and poor men are the main victims and perpetrators of community violence, whereas poor black women and children are the main victims of domestic violence. Regional differentials are also substantial. Besides the sociocultural determinants, much of the violence in Brazil has been associated with the misuse of alcohol and illicit drugs, and the wide availability of firearms. The high traffic-related morbidity and mortality in Brazil have been linked to the chosen model for the transport system that has given priority to roads and private-car use without offering adequate infrastructure. The system is often poorly equipped to deal with violations of traffic rules. In response to the major problems of violence and injuries, Brazil has greatly advanced in terms of legislation and action plans. The main challenge is to assess these advances to identify, extend, integrate, and continue the successful ones.
Assuntos
Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Cultura , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Violência/tendências , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present article is a brief reflection on the field of Food and Nutrition as it interconnects with the humanities. Relevant theorists' thinking as well as the experience of the authors were used as references. The main purpose is to stimulate the discussion on the food-and-nutrition issue, taking into account the complexities involved in the relations between food consumption and dietetics. Also it is expected to motivate nutritionists to reflect upon their professional practice. Incorporating the use of hermeneutics for the comprehension of the subject is justified in terms of its methodological significance. The importance of taking action in guiding food consumption through the association of the technical knowledge of the field with various perspectives of comprehensive theories is also discussed.