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Aim: To develop a ß-AgVO3 gel and evaluate its physicochemical stability and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Materials & methods: The gel was prepared from the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ß-AgVO3. The physicochemical stability was evaluated by centrifugation, accelerated stability (AS), storage (St), pH, syringability, viscosity and spreadability tests and antifungal activity by the agar diffusion. Results: The MIC was 62.5 µg/ml. After centrifugation, AS and St gels showed physicochemical stability. Lower viscosity and higher spreadability were observed for the higher ß-AgVO3 concentration and the minimum force for extrusion was similar for all groups. Antifungal effect was observed only for the ß-AgVO3 gel with 20xMIC. Conclusion: The ß-AgVO3 gel showed physicochemical stability and antifungal activity.

We used silver and vanadium to make a gel that can kill fungi in the mouth. We looked at the color of the gel, it's smell and also checked how well it lasted. The gel turned yellow and had no smell and did not spoil for at least 2 months. When we tested the gel against a type of fungus, it worked as well as another medicine called chlorhexidine, which is sold in pharmacies. But when we compared it with another medicine called nystatin, our gel was not as effective in killing the fungus.

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Dental implant surface properties such as roughness, wettability, and porosity ensure cell interaction and tissue integration. The clinical performance of dental implants depends on the crystallographic texture and protein and cell bonds to the substrates, where grain size, orientation, and inclination are parameters responsible for favoring osteoblast adhesion and limiting bacterial adhesion. The lack of consensus on the best crystallographic plan for cell adhesion prompted this systematic review, which aims to answer the following question: "What is the influence of the crystallographic plane on titanium surfaces on cell adhesion?" by evaluating the literature on the crystallographic characteristics of titanium and how these dictate topographical parameters and influence the cell adhesion of devices made from this material. It followed the Preferred Reporting Standards for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) (osf.io/xq6kv). The search strategy was based on the PICOS method. It chose in vitro articles that analyzed crystallographic structure correlated with cell adhesion and investigated the microstructure and its effects on cell culture, different crystal orientation distributions, and the influence of crystallinity. The search strategies were applied to the different electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, and the articles found were attached to the Rayyan digital platform and assessed blindly. The Joanna Bringgs Institute (JBI) tool assessed the risk of bias. A total of 248 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 192 were analyzed by title and abstract. Of these, 18 were selected for detailed reading in their entirety, 9 of which met the eligibility criteria. The included studies presented a low risk of bias. The role of the crystallographic orientation of the exposed faces in a multicrystalline material is little discussed in the scientific literature and its impact is recognized as dictating the topographical characteristics of the material that facilitate cell adhesion.

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OBJECTIVE: Anxiety tends to increase muscle tension and painful symptoms; however, its symptoms can be associated with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Therefore, it is crucial for professionals to identify the presence of both comorbidities and determine whether they are related. This study aims to systematically evaluate the literature and answer the question: "Is there an association between anxiety and TMD in adults?" METHODS: The study followed the PRISMA protocol and was registered in PROSPERO. The custom search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Lilacs databases, as inclusion criteria observational studies that evaluated the association between anxiety and TMD in adults. RESULTS: A total of 1640 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 988 were evaluated by title and abstract. Of these, 28 were selected for reading in full, of which 13 were included in the present review. CONCLUSION: The association of anxiety with TMD is positive, except for the minority indicating a low relationship between the disorders, which is explained by neuroscience.

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To evaluate the microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of acrylic resins incorporated with different concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Specimens were made of self-cured and heat-cured acrylic resins for the control group and concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 3%. The microstructural characterization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS). For mechanical testing, flexural strength, and Knoop hardness tests were performed. Microbiological evaluations were performed by colony forming units (CFU) analysis, tetrazolium salt reduction (XTT), and SEM images. The modified acrylic resins showed increased mechanical properties at low concentrations (p < 0.05) and with reduced S. mutans (p < 0.05). Reduced graphene oxide interfered with the mechanical performance and microbiological properties of acrylic resins depending on the concentration of rGO, and type of polymerization and microorganism evaluated. The incorporation of graphene compounds into acrylic resins is an alternative to improve the antimicrobial efficacy and performance of the material.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Incorporating and coating with antimicrobials are techniques that can confer antimicrobial action on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases, which can accumulate microorganisms and promote oral and systemic disease. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the question: "Do techniques for incorporating and coating antimicrobial agents in PMMA promote antimicrobial action?" MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist guidelines were followed, and the SCOPUS, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Science Direct databases searched. The studies were selected in 2 stages, reading the titles and abstracts and then reading the selected studies in full. The risk of bias was analyzed by adapting the quasi-experimental studies tool by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTS: A total of 970 articles were found in the databases; 71 were duplicates and, after reading the abstracts, 38 were selected for full reading. From these, 6 were excluded because they did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, and 32 studies were included in this review. Autopolymerizing, heat- polymerizing, and light-polymerizing resins were evaluated, with the incorporating technique prevailing over the coating, but both techniques effectively promoted antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating and coating antimicrobial agents are effective methods of promoting antimicrobial activity in PMMA. Combining the 2 methods led to increased antimicrobial activity compared with each individually.

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Introduction: Post-processing (PP) is performed to improve the surface, which can favor microbial adhesion and consequent pathological manifestations that impair the indication of polylactic acid (PLA) obtained by fused filament fabrication (FFF) for biomedical applications. This aims to evaluate the influence of chemical, thermal, and mechanical PP on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutants and Candida albicans, roughness, and wettability of the PLA obtained by FFF with and without thermal aging. Methods: The specimens were designed in the 3D modeling program and printed. The chemical PP was performed by immersion in chloroform, the thermal by the annealing method, and the mechanical by polishing. Thermal aging was performed by alternating the temperature from 5 °C to 55 °C with 5000 cycles. Colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) counting was performed on dual-species biofilm of C. albicans and S. mutans. Roughness was analyzed by rugosimeter and wettability by the sessile drop technique. Data were verified for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) applied for CFU and wettability, and Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0.05) for roughness. Results: Chemical, thermal, and mechanical PP methods showed no influence on CFU/mL of C. albicans (p = 0.296) and S. mutans (p = 0.055). Thermal aging did not influence microbial adhesion. Chemical PP had lower roughness, which had increased after aging. Wettability of the mechanical PP was lower. Conclusions: Post-processing techniques, do not present an influence on the adhesion of S. mutans and C. albicans in PLA obtained by FFF, chemical PP reduced roughness, and mechanical reduced wettability. Thermal aging did not alter the microbial adhesion and altered the roughness and wettability.

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This study aimed to answer the question formulated according to the PICO strategy: 'Which essential oils show antimicrobial activity against biofilms formed on dental acrylic resin?' composed by population (dental acrylic resin), intervention (application of essential oils), comparison (denture cleansers, antifungal drugs, chlorhexidine, and oral mouthwashes), and outcome (antibiofilm activity). In vitro experimental studies evaluating the activity of EOs on biofilm formed on acrylic resin were included. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the search was performed in the PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Lilacs databases and in the gray literature using Google Scholar and ProQuest in December 2023. A manual search of the reference lists of the included primary studies was performed. Of the 1467 articles identified, 37 were selected for full-text reading and 12 were included. Twelve EOs were evaluated, of which 11 showed activity against Candida spp., 3 against Staphylococcus aureus, and 1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The EOs of Cymbopogon citratus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cymbopogon nardus showed higher action than chlorhexidine, C. nardus higher than Listerine, C. citratus higher than nystatin, and Melaleuca alternifolia higher than fluconazole and nystatin. However, chlorhexidine was more effective than Lippia sidoides and Salvia officinalis, sodium hypochlorite was more effective than L. sidoides, nystatin was more effective than Zingiber officinale, Amphotericin B more effective than Eucalyptus globulus and M. alternifolia. In conclusion, the EOs of C. zeylanicum, C. citratus, C. nardus, and M. alternifolia showed antimicrobial activity to reduce biofilm on dental acrylic resin.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: To improve the osseointegration of dental implants and reduce microbiological growth, different micro- and nanoscale surface topographies can be used. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of Ti-6Al-4V with 4 surfaces, machined (DU), machined+hydroxyapatite (DUHAp), machined+acid-alkali treatment (DUAA), and additive manufacturing (DMA), on the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The topography of Ti-6Al-4V disks with the 4 surfaces was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Physical and chemical properties were analyzed by using wettability and surface free energy, roughness, and microbial adhesion against Staphylococcus aureus by colony forming units (CFU). One-way ANOVA analysis of variance and the Tukey multiple comparisons test were applied to evaluate the data, except CFU, which was submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (α=.05). RESULTS: DU photomicrographs showed a topography characteristic of a polished machined surface, DUHAp and DUAA exhibited patterns corresponding to the surface modifications performed, and in DMA the presence of partially fused spherical particles was observed. The EDS identified chemical elements inherent in the Ti-6Al-4V, and the DUHAp and DUAA disks also had the ions from the treatments applied. XRD patterns revealed similarities between DU and DMA, as well as characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite (HA) in the DUHAp disk and the DUAA. Compared with DU and DMA the DUHAp and DUAA groups showed hydrophilic behavior with smaller contact angles and higher surface free energy (P<.05). DMA showed a higher mean value of roughness, different from the others (P<.05), and a higher CFU for S. aureus (P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: DUHAp and DUAA showed similar behaviors regarding wettability, surface free energy, and bacterial adhesion. Among the untreated groups, DMA exhibited higher roughness, bacterial adhesion, and lower wettability and surface free energy.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Gel formulations containing antimicrobials are a potential alternative for the development of new medicines for the treatment of denture stomatitis (DS). However, whether they are more effective than antifungal drugs is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify whether gels formulated with antimicrobial substances are more effective and biocompatible for the treatment of DS than antifungal drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This systematic review was structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022379510). Searches were performed in the PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases in November 2022. Randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of experimental gels and conventional antifungals in the treatment of DS were included. RESULTS: Gels formulated with Zataria multiflora essential oil and clove and cinnamon extracts showed higher antimicrobial efficacy compared with miconazole and clotrimazole. Formulations containing Uncaria tomentosa, Punica granatum, and propolis extract showed similar efficacy to nystatin and miconazole. Two formulations containing P. granatum were less effective than nystatin and miconazole. Gels of Z. multiflora and miconazole induced adverse effects including burning, itching, nausea, and vomiting. The included studies did not evaluate the biocompatibility of the gels. CONCLUSIONS: Gels formulated with natural antimicrobials such as Z. multiflora, U. tomentosa, P. granatum, propolis, and clove and cinnamon showed higher or similar antimicrobial efficacy to conventional antifungals in the treatment of DS. The biocompatibility of experimental gels based on natural agents should be evaluated.

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PURPOSE: Critically evaluate the existing literature and answer the question, "Does the dental implant/mini-implant design influence the stress distribution in prosthetic overdentures according to finite element analysis?". METHODS: This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/2bquj) and followed the PRISMA protocols. The custom search strategy was applied to 4 databases. In vitro experimental studies that evaluated the influence of dental implant/mini-implant design on stress distribution in overdentures by FEM, without time and language restrictions, were included. The selection process was carried out in two stages by two reviewers independently. Risk of bias analysis was performed by a checklist of important parameters. RESULTS: Sixty articles were evaluated by their title and abstract, four were selected for full reading, three were relevant, and nine were included by additional search. The 12 studies have a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data (implant type, design variation, load intensity, and direction). CONCLUSION: It can be inferred from the evaluated literature that design modifications influence the stress distribution, but as the FEM presents limitations inherent to the in vitro study, clinical trials are necessary to infer the effectiveness of the modifications. It should be noted that there is no consensus on which is the best thread design and that implants with a very narrow diameter are subject to the highest stress concentration.