RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronary arterial dominance and myocardial bridges have clinical implications, since a left dominant pattern associated to the presence of myocardial bridges is often associated to a higher incidence of arteriosclerosis and higher mortality by myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence and position of myocardial bridges and their relation with coronary arterial dominance. METHODS: Fifty-seven human cadaveric hearts were analyzed into three groups, as follows: right dominance; left dominance; codominance. Each group was then divided into two subgroups: with or without myocardial bridges. Finally, each subgroup with myocardial bridges was classified according to the position of the myocardial bridge according to the main axis of the heart (proximal, middle and distal third). RESULTS: The right dominance occurred in most hearts (30 hearts-52,6%). Twenty-three myocardial bridges (40,3%) were identified and mostly occurred on left dominant hearts (22,8%). The pattern of coronary dominance presented a statistically significant correlation with the presence of myocardial bridges (P=0.048). The middle third of the heart axis showed the highest occurrence of myocardial bridges. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest there is a clear relationship between the presence of myocardial bridges and left dominant pattern. Middle third of the heart axis present the higher occurrence of myocardial bridges. Knowledge of the myocardial bridges morphology is of great clinical significance, improving patient care.
Assuntos
Vasos Coronários , Miocárdio , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vasos Coronários/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , IncidênciaRESUMO
Lipases are among the most widely used enzymes in industry. Here, a novel method is described to rationally design the support matrix to retain the enzyme on the support matrix without leaching and also activate the enzyme for full activity retention. Lipases are interesting biocatalysts because they show the so-called interfacial activation, a mechanism of action that has been used to immobilize lipases on hydrophobic supports such as octyl-agarose. Thus, adsorption of lipases on hydrophobic surfaces is very useful for one step purification, immobilization, hyperactivation, and stabilization of most lipases. However, lipase molecules may be released from the support under certain conditions (high temperature, organic solvents), as there are no covalent links between the enzyme and the support matrix. A heterofunctional support has been proposed in this study to overcome this problem, such as the heterofunctional glyoxyl-octyl agarose beads. It couples the numerous advantages of the octyl-agarose support to covalent immobilization and creates the possibility of using the biocatalyst under any experimental conditions without risk of enzyme desorption and leaching. This modified support may be easily prepared from the commercially available octyl-agarose. Preparation of this useful support and enzyme immobilization on it via covalent linking is described here. The conditions are described to increase the possibility of achieving at least one covalent attachment between each enzyme molecule and the support matrix.
Assuntos
Enzimas Imobilizadas/química , Glioxilatos/química , Lipase/química , Sefarose/química , Adsorção , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/química , Estabilidade Enzimática , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Oxirredução , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Immunological dysfunction has been described to occur in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), most notably in association with an inflammatory process. Some pharmacological agents as statins--drugs used in hypercholesterolaemia--display a broad effect on the immune response and thus should be tested in vitro in CIU. Our main objectives were to evaluate the effects of statins on the innate and adaptive immune response in CIU. Simvastatin or lovastatin have markedly inhibited the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferative response induced by T and B cell mitogens, superantigen or recall antigen. Simvastatin arrested phytohaemaglutinin (PHA)-induced T cells at the G0/G1 phase, inhibiting T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17A cytokine secretion in both patients and healthy control groups. Up-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA expression in PHA-stimulated PBMCs from CIU patients was not modified by simvastatin, in contrast to the enhancing effect in the control group. Statin exhibited a less efficient inhibition effect on cytokine production [IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α] induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, to which a statin preincubation step was required. Furthermore, statin did not affect the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMC or CD14+ cells in CIU patients. In addition, LPS-activated PBMC from CIU patients showed impaired indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA expression compared to healthy control, which remained at decreased levels with statin treatment. Statins exhibited a marked down-regulatory effect in T cell functions, but were not able to control TLR-4 activation in CIU patients. The unbalanced regulatory SOCS3 and IDO expressions in CIU may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Lovastatina/farmacologia , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Urticária/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiocina CCL3/biossíntese , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/biossíntese , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/genética , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/biossíntese , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Proteína 3 Supressora da Sinalização de Citocinas , Proteínas Supressoras da Sinalização de Citocina/biossíntese , Proteínas Supressoras da Sinalização de Citocina/genética , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th1/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th2/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Urticária/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This research was carried out in order to evaluate three radiographic methods--conventional periapical, digital periapical and panoramic--in the diagnosis of artificially produced periapical lesions. For this purpose, 5 mandibles, with lesions produced by means of spherical drills of different sizes, were used. The research was divided into five distinct phases, as follows: phase Z (initial)--characterized by the absence of lesion; phase R--lesion produced with a number 6 drill; phase J--lesion produced with a number 8 drill; phase D--lesion produced with a number 10 drill; and phase H--lesion reaching the vestibular cortex. The lesions were produced in quadrants. Radiographs were made after each phase and analyzed by 4 experts in radiology. For the digital system there was statistically significant difference in phase R (in the region of incisors) and in phase H (in the region of premolars). In the region of molars there was statistically significant difference in phase D for panoramic radiography. It must be pointed out that panoramic radiography produced the less effective results in phase H.
Assuntos
Doenças Periapicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Dentária Digital , Radiografia Panorâmica , Humanos , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
The present report describes a case of odontoma-producing intraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst in a 36-year-old Black male in the right mandibular bicuspid region. The lesion involved an unerupted permanent canine, which was displaced to the mandible base and a calcified mass that was later recognized as an odontoma. The lesion was surgically removed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Mandibulares/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante/patologia , Odontoma/patologia , Adulto , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante/diagnóstico por imagem , Odontoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Dente não Erupcionado/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the effect of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) on colonic resection and anastomosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mongrel dogs were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. During the preoperative period (24 h) group A was not subjected to MBP, and group B was fasted and ingested 20 ml magnesium hydroxide plus 15 ml/kg 10% mannitol orally. All animals underwent segmental colectomy followed by end-to-end anastomosis. The survivors of both groups were reoperated upon on the 7th postoperative day. RESULTS: Mortality before reoperation was significantly higher in group A (45%) than in group B (10%; P<0.05). Upon reoperation on surviving animals the incidence of localized anastomotic leakage, leakage with peritonitis, and healed anastomoses was 72.72%, 9.09%, and 18.8% in group A, and 66.66%, 22.22%, and 11.11% in group B, respectively (P>0.05). Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures showed similar growth in the two groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the omission of MBP increased the mortality due to early anastomotic leakage with peritonitis; MBP did not change the rate of localized anastomotic leakage, leakage with peritonitis, or intact anastomoses on the 7th day; no quantitative or qualitative differences were observed in the bacteria isolated from the two groups.
Assuntos
Colectomia/métodos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodos , Administração Oral , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Animais , Compostos de Bário/farmacologia , Cães , Enema/métodos , Feminino , Hidróxido de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Manitol/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais , Probabilidade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Adequate dose of cyclosporin A shows immunosuppressor effect, and low toxicity. The doses reported previously ranged from 2.5 to 25 mg/kg every 24, 48 hours and even 7 days. Routes for cyclosporin A administration are subcutaneous or intramuscular preferentially. In the present study, cyclosporin A (CSA) single dose subcultaneous was administered to 21 Wistar-Furth rats, adult, males, weighing 350-450g. The animals were divided in 3 groups receiving 2.5 mg/kg (group 1), 5.0 mg/kg (group 2) and 10.0 mg/kg (group 3). Blood samples were collected at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after drug collection into plastic tubes containing sodium EDTA. Blood cyclosporin A levels were determined by a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit (Sandoz RIE Kit Basel) after whole hemolysis using liquid nitrogen. Cyclosporin A blood concentrations vs time curve were plotted (log C vs t). Two compartment open model was applied to estimate the kinetic parameters as t(1/2) beta e beta. A model independent calculation was applied to estimate the kinetic parameters as AUCT, CIT and Vd. Initially, parametric and nonparametric tests were applied. Due to the high dispositional variability, nonparametric statistics (Wilcoxon's test) was applied for analysis of results obtained. Based on data obtained in the present study the authors suggest linear pharmacokinetics where Cmax AUCT showed proportional increases with the dose administered, remaining unchanged the Kinetic parameters as t(1/2) B,B, CIT and Vd.