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BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) shows a rewired metabolism featuring increased fatty acid uptake and synthesis via de novo lipogenesis, both sharply related to mitochondrial physiology. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that exerts its antitumoral properties via different mechanisms, but its specific action on mitochondria in PCa is not clear. Therefore, we investigated whether the DHA modulates mitochondrial function in PCa cell lines. METHODS: Here, we evaluated mitochondrial function of non-malignant PNT1A and the castration-resistant (CRPC) prostate 22Rv1 and PC3 cell lines in response to DHA incubation. For this purpose, we used Seahorse extracellular flux assay to assess mitochondria function, [14C]-glucose to evaluate its oxidation as well as its contribution to fatty acid synthesis, 1H-NMR for metabolite profile determination, MitoSOX for superoxide anion production, JC-1 for mitochondrial membrane polarization, mass spectrometry for determination of phosphatidylglycerol levels and composition, staining with MitoTracker dye to assess mitochondrial morphology under super-resolution in addition to Transmission Electron Microscopy, In-Cell ELISA for COX-I and SDH-A protein expression and flow cytometry (Annexin V and 7-AAD) for cell death estimation. RESULTS: In all cell lines DHA decreased basal respiratory activity, ATP production, and the spare capacity in mitochondria. Also, the omega-3 induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, ROS overproduction and changes in membrane phosphatidylglycerol composition. In PNT1A, DHA led to mitochondrial fragmentation and it increased glycolysis while in cancer cells it stimulated glucose oxidation, but decreased de novo lipogenesis specifically in 22Rv1, indicating a metabolic shift. In all cell lines, DHA modulated several metabolites related to energy metabolism and it was incorporated in phosphatidylglycerol, a precursor of cardiolipin, increasing the unsaturation index in the mitochondrial membrane. Accordingly, DHA triggered cell death mainly in PNT1A and 22Rv1. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, mitochondrial metabolism is significantly affected by the PUFA supplementation to the point that cells are not able to proliferate or survive under DHA-enriched condition. Moreover, combination of DHA supplementation with inhibition of metabolism-related pathways, such as de novo lipogenesis, may be synergistic in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Introdução:O envelhecimento da população está associado ao aumento da prevalência de demências, incluindo a doença de Alzheimer. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial para intervenções terapêuticas eficazes. Estudos recentes investigam o impacto da suplementação de ácidosgraxos ômega-3 na função cognitiva de idosos, devido à falta de tratamentos farmacológicos conhecidos para prevenir ou retardar o início da demência. Objetivo:Analisar os resultados de diversos estudos sobre a suplementação de ácidos graxos ômega-3 na função cognitiva de idosos. Metodologia:Revisão integrativa da literatura a partir das bases de dados BVS, PubMed e Scielo nos últimos dez anos (2013-2023), a partir dos descritores: (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) AND (Cognitive Aging) sem restrição quanto ao idioma e de acesso livre. Foram identificados 107 artigos, dos quais, 32 foram analisados e 14 utilizados nesta revisão. Resultados:O ômega-3, encontrado em peixes e oleaginosas, está associado à saúdecognitiva, especialmente os componentes EPA e DHA. Fatoresgenéticos, como o gene APO E4, podem influenciar sua eficácia na prevenção de doenças como Alzheimer. Estudos variam sobre seus benefícios na cognição em idosos, com resultados mistos. Conclusões:Os estudos revisados apresentam achados divergentes sobre os efeitos da suplementação de ácidos graxos ômega-3 na função cognitiva de idosos. Enquanto alguns sugerem benefícios, outros não identificam diferenças significativas (AU).
Introduction:The aging population is associated with an increased prevalence of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective therapeutic interventions. Recent studies are investigating the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the cognitive function of older adults, due to the lack of known pharmacological treatments to prevent or delay dementia onset. Objective:To analyze the results of various studies on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the cognitive function of older adults. Methodology:Integrative literature review from the databases BVS, PubMed, and Scielo in the last ten years (2013-2023), using the descriptors: (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) AND (Cognitive Aging) with no language restrictions and open access. A total of 107 articles were identified, of which 32 were analyzed, and 14 were used in this review. Results:Omega-3, found in fish and nuts, is associated with cognitive health, especially the EPA and DHA components. Genetic factors, such as the APO E4 gene, may influence its effectiveness in preventing diseases like Alzheimer's. Studies vary on its benefits in cognition in older adults, with mixed results. Conclusions:The reviewed studies present conflicting findings on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the cognitive function of older adults. While some suggest benefits, others do not identify significant differences (AU).
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población está asociado con un aumento en la prevalencia de demencia, incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer. El diagnóstico temprano es crucial para intervenciones terapéuticas efectivas. Estudios recientes investigan el impacto de la suplementación de ácidos grasos omega-3 en la función cognitiva de adultos mayores, debido a la falta de tratamientos farmacológicos conocidos para prevenir o retrasar el inicio de la demencia. Objetivo:Analizar los resultados de diversos estudios sobre lasuplementación de ácidos grasos omega-3 en la función cognitiva de adultos mayores. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed y Scielo en los últimos diez años (2013-2023), utilizando los descriptores: (Ácidos Grasos Omega-3) Y (Envejecimiento Cognitivo) sin restricciones de idioma y de acceso abierto. Se identificaron un total de 107 artículos, de los cuales se analizaron 32 y se utilizaron 14 en esta revisión. Resultados: El omega-3, presente en pescados y frutos secos, está asociado con la salud cognitiva, especialmente los componentes EPA y DHA. Factores genéticos, como el gen APO E4, pueden influir en su eficacia para prevenir enfermedades como el Alzheimer. Los estudios varían en cuanto a sus beneficios en la cognición en adultos mayores, con resultados mixtos. Conclusiones:Los estudios revisados presentan hallazgos contradictorios sobre los efectos de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 en la función cognitiva de adultos mayores. Mientras que algunos sugieren beneficios, otros no identifican diferencias significativas (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Saúde do Idoso , Suplementos Nutricionais , Envelhecimento Cognitivo , Diagnóstico PrecoceRESUMO
1. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different dietary omega 6:3 ratios fed to male and female Japanese quail breeders on incubation performance, chick quality and progeny performance.2. A completely randomised design was used, with five diets containing different ratios of vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (LA from soybean oil) or α-linolenic acid (ALA from linseed oil) with LA/ALA ratios of 13.75:1, 10.69:1, 7.63:1, 4.57:1 and 1.48:1 with 12 cage replicates containing six birds each.3. There was a quadratic effect of the LA/ALA ratio on total hatchability (p < 0.011), fertile hatchability (p = 0.046) and total mortality (p = 0.046). There was no effect on fertility (p > 0.05). The LA/ALA ratios of 1.48 and 13.75 fed to both hens and cockerels or hens resulted in greater fertility, as measured by the number of days after copulation during which fertile eggs were laid and the number of points of hydrolysis on the perivitelline membrane. A decreasing linear effect (p < 0.0001) was observed on chick length and an increasing linear effect on body weight at 1 day of age. There were no effects on progeny performance.4. The LA/ALA ratio affected yolk mineral matter (p = 0.009), crude protein (p = 0.091), chick mineral matter (p < 0.038) and ether extract (p < 0.0001) contents. Maternal diet affected the fatty acid profile of egg yolk and chick liver, indicating that dietary contents were transferred to eggs and chicks.5. Fertile egg production increased with lower LA/ALA ratios. Therefore, linseed oil can be used together with soybean oil to formulate diets for female Japanese quail obtain LA/ALA ratios between 4:1 and 10:1.
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Ração Animal , Coturnix , Dieta , Ácido Linoleico , Reprodução , Ácido alfa-Linolênico , Animais , Coturnix/fisiologia , Feminino , Dieta/veterinária , Ração Animal/análise , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/análise , Masculino , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Linoleico/administração & dosagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Óleo de Semente do Linho/administração & dosagem , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) are essential to normal neural development and function. Souvenaid®, a medical supplement that contains n-3-PUFA's: eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has emerged as an alternative, slowing cognitive decline in AD patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® in AD patients. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to establish the relationship between n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® with cognitive effects, ventricular volume and adverse events in AD patients. METHODS: A systematic search of randomized control trials (RCT), cohorts, and case-control studies was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase for AD adult patients with dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, or Souvenaid® between 2003 and 2024. RESULTS: We identified 14 studies with 2766 subjects aligned with our criteria. Most publications described positive cognitive outcomes from supplements (58%). The most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal symptoms. CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline (SMD = -0.4127, 95% CI: [-0.5926; -0.2327]), without subgroup differences between different dietary supplement interventions. ADCS-ADL, MMSE, ADAS-cog, adverse events, and ventricular volume did not demonstrate significant differences. However, Souvenaid® showed a significant negative effect (SMD = -0.3593, 95% CI: -0.5834 to -0.1352) in ventricular volumes. CONCLUSIONS: The CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline among patients with n-3-PUFA supplemental interventions, with no differences between different n-3-PUFA supplements.
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OBJECTIVE: Bisphenol F (BPF) is an endocrinedisrupting chemical, but information about its effect on thyroid hormones has not been fully explored. Omega 3 fatty acids (O3FA), on the other hand, are antioxidant and antiapoptotic agents. Therefore, this study explored the role and associated molecular mechanism of O3FA in BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats. METHODS: Twenty (20) male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5/group), namely: the control group; the BPF treated group (30 mg/kg of BPF); and the intervention groups (30mg/kg BPF + 100mg/kg O3FA (BPF+O3FA-L) and 30mg/kg BPF + 300mg/kg of O3FA for 28 days). RESULTS: Low and high doses of O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated reduction in sperm quality, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and increases in estrogen, malondialdehyde, c-reactive protein, interleukin 1 beta, caspase 3. Furthermore, O3FA prevented BPF-induced Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase dysfunction, estrogen receptor beta overexpression, and tumor protein P53 (p53)/ b-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced dysthyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction by preventing proton pump dysfunction and p53/BCl-2 imbalance.
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Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Testículo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Hipotireoidismo/metabolismo , Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have proven health benefits, but it is not common to find them together in a processed food product. This could lead to healthier and more functional food products, which may have positive implications for consumer health and well-being. This work aimed to fortify a model burger manufactured with fillets of an Amazonian fish (boquichico, Prochilodus nigricans) by adding microencapsulated sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis, rich in ALA) (MSIO) produced by spray-drying. MSIO was incorporated into the burgers at different levels (0, 3, 4, 5, and 6%). The burgers were characterized by their proximal composition, cooking losses, texture profile, lipid oxidation, sensory profile, overall liking, and fatty acid profile. The results showed that adding MSIO up to concentrations of 5% or 6% increased the instrumental hardness, chewiness, and lipid oxidation in the burgers. However, fortifying the burgers with 3% MSIO was possible without affecting the burgers' sensory properties and overall liking. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the burgers with 3% MSIO had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the ALA, EPA, and DHA types of fatty acids. Therefore, we recommend using this fortification concentration, but future studies should be carried out to improve the oxidative stability of MSIO and the burgers.
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Reports addressing the effects of oily fish intake on bone health are inconsistent. This study shows that consumption of ≥ 5.2 oily fish servings/week (728 g) is associated with lower prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in elderly women of Amerindian ancestry. Results suggest a beneficial effect of oily fish intake in this population. OBJECTIVES: Oily fish is a major dietary source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other nutrients that may have a positive effect on bone health. However, this association is inconsistent and seems to be more evident in certain ethnic groups. We aimed to assess the association between oily fish intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in frequent fish consumers of Amerindian ancestry living in rural Ecuador. METHODS: This study included 399 individuals aged ≥ 60 years living in three neighboring rural villages of coastal Ecuador. Dietary oily fish intake was quantified systematically using validated surveys and BMD was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Ordinal logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, were fitted to assess the independent association between oily fish intake and bone health. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 68.8 ± 6.8 years, and 58% were women. The mean intake of oily fish was 8.5 ± 4.7 servings/week, with 308 (77%) reporting high fish intake (≥ 5.2 servings/week [728 g]). Ninety-four (24%) participants had normal BMD T-scores, 149 (37%) had osteopenia, and 156 (39%) had osteoporosis. Ordinal logistic regression models showed no association between high fish intake and bone health in the total population. When men and women were analyzed separately, the association became significant for women only in both unadjusted (OR: 2.52; 95% C.I.: 1.22 - 5.23) and fully-adjusted models (OR: 2.23; 95% C.I.: 1.03 - 4.81). CONCLUSION: Consumption of ≥ 5.2 oily fish servings/week is associated with lower prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in elderly women of Amerindian ancestry.
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Densidade Óssea , Idoso , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Absorciometria de Fóton , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Equador/epidemiologia , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Peixes , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/etnologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Alimentos MarinhosRESUMO
Pregnancy complicated by obesity represents an increased risk of unfavorable perinatal outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, preterm birth, and impaired fetal growth, among others. Obesity is associated with deficiencies of micronutrients, and pregnant women with obesity may have higher needs. The intrauterine environment in pregnancies complicated with obesity is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, where maternal nutrition and metabolic status have significant influence and are critical in maternal health and in fetal programming of health in the offspring later in life. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions, including intensive nutrition care, are associated with a lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Routine supplementation during pregnancy includes folic acid and iron; other nutrient supplementation is recommended for high-risk women or women in low-middle income countries. This study is an open label randomized clinical trial of parallel groups (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000052753, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000060194) to evaluate the effect of an intensive nutrition therapy and nutrient supplementation intervention (folic acid, iron, vitamin D, omega 3 fatty acids, myo-inositol and micronutrients) in pregnant women with obesity on the prevention of GDM, other perinatal outcomes, maternal and newborn nutritional status, and infant growth, adiposity, and neurodevelopment compared to usual care. Given the absence of established nutritional guidelines for managing obesity during pregnancy, there is a pressing need to develop and implement new nutritional programs to enhance perinatal outcomes.
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Breast cancer (BC) presents a growing global concern, mainly for the female population of working age. Their pathophysiology shows challenges when attempting to ensure conventional treatment efficacy without adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magneto-hyperthermia (MHT) therapy associated with supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (w-3 PUFA) and engagement in physical training (PT) for the triple-negative BC (TNBC) model. First, we assessed the physicochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) in biological conditions, as well as their heating potential for MHT therapy. Then, a bioluminescence (BLI) evaluation of the best tumor growth conditions in the TNBC model (the quantity of implanted cells and time), as well as the efficacy of MHT therapy (5 consecutive days) associated with the previous administration of 8 weeks of w-3 PUFA and PT, was carried out. The results showed the good stability and potential of ION for MHT using 300 Gauss and 420 kHz. In the TNBC model, adequate tumor growth was observed after 14 days of 2 × 106 cells implantation by BLI. There was a delay in tumor growth in animals that received w-3 and PT and a significant decrease associated with MHT. This pioneering combination therapy approach (MHT, omega-3, and exercise) showed a positive effect on TNBC tumor reduction and demonstrated promise for pre-clinical and clinical studies in the future.
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OBJECTIVES: Montelukast is a well-known leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of systemic montelukast and omega-3 fatty acid treatment in allergic rhinitis models in Wistar Hannover rats. METHODS: This research was conducted on 28 healthy Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250-350â¯g. After establishing the allergic rhinitis model, nasal symptoms were observed and scored, and the nasal mucosa of all rats was investigated histologically. Light microscopy was utilized to evaluate the degree of ciliary loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, vascular congestion, vascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, and hypertrophy in chondrocytes. RESULTS: As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that typical allergic rhinitis symptoms such as nasal scratching and sneezing were significantly reduced in the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 treated group, and these symptoms did not increase after repeated intranasal OVA-protease applications. Histological examinations after fish oil treatment did not reveal typical inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis. None of the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 groups had any increase in goblet cells, whereas 14.3% of the rats in the control group and 28.6% of the rats in the allergic rhinitis group had mild increase. Last but not least, 71.4% of rats in the allergic rhinitis group had a moderate increase. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSION: Regarding the outcomes of this research, it was observed that w-3 fatty acids had antiallergic effects, both histopathological and clinical, in the allergic rhinitis model. We believe that further randomized controlled trials incorporating larger cohorts are warranted to verify the use of omega-3 fatty acids in treating allergic rhinitis. The level of evidence of this article is Level 2.