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El síndrome del Burnout es un estado de agotamiento físico y emocional que implica una pérdida del interés en el trabajo, actitudes negativas hacia los demás, y baja autoestima. Las habilidades emocionales se definen como capacidades para conocer y dominar emociones propias y de otros/as. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación entre los niveles de habilidades emocionales y síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física. Se evaluaron a 31 docentes universitarios de dos universidades de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó la Escala de rasgo de metaconocimiento emocional validada en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile y el inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Los resultados revelan una relación baja y negativa entre los puntajes de despersonalización y reparación emocional en la muestra. El sexo del docente, los años de docencia universitaria, tener cargos directivos o estar en tratamiento psicológico o farmacológico no influyen en los niveles de estrés laboral y habilidades emocionales. Se recomienda replicar esta investigación con muestras de docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física en otras universidades, además del control de otras variables como ansiedad, depresión, motivación, etc.

Burnout syndrome is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that involves a loss of interest in work, negative attitudes towards others, and low self-esteem. Emotional skills are defined as the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The aim of the present research was to analyze the relationship between levels of emotional skills and Burnout syndrome in university professors from Physical Education schools. A total of 31 university professors from two universities in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, validated in Physical Education students in Chile, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were employed. The results reveal a low and negative relationship between depersonalization and emotional repair scores in the sample. The professor's gender, years of university teaching experience, holding managerial positions, or undergoing psychological or pharmacological treatment do not influence levels of occupational stress and emotional skills. It is recommended to replicate this research with samples of university professors from Physical Education schools in other universities, controlling other variables such as anxiety, depression, motivation, etc.

A síndrome o Burnout é um estado de esgotamento físico e emocional que implica uma perda do interesse no trabalho, atitudes negativas para com os outros, e baixa auto-estima. A habilidades emocionais é definida como capacidade para conhecer e dominar emoções próprias e de outros/as. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre os níveis de habilidades emocionais e síndrome de Burnout em docentes universitários de Educação Física. Foram avaliados 31 docentes universitários de duas universidades de Santiago do Chile. Foi aplicada a Escala de rasgo de meta-conhecimento emocional validada em estudantes de Educação Física do Chile e o inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Os resultados revelam uma relação baixa e negativa entre as pontuações de despersonalização e reparação emocional na amostra. O sexo do docente, os anos de ensino universitário, ter cargos directivos ou estar em tratamento psicológico ou farmacológico não influem nos níveis de stress laboral e habilidades emocionais. Recomenda-se replicar esta pesquisa com amostras de docentes universitários de escolas de Educação Física em outras universidades, além do controle de outras variáveis como ansiedade, depressão, motivação, etc.

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Asociado a la pandemia de COVID-19, los estudiantes universitarios peruanos se vieron obligados a adaptarse al cambio abrupto de la educación presencial a la virtual, como consecuencia pudieron padecer alguna afectación psicológica como estrés académico. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de estrés académico que presentaron los estudiantes universitarios peruanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa, donde se utilizó el método PRISMA, en el que se seleccionaron 29 artículos publicados entre el año 2021 y 2023. En el 75,86 % de los estudios recuperados predominó en los alumnos el nivel moderado de estrés académico; además, las mujeres, los que viven en ciudades grandes y los de menor edad mostraron mayores niveles. Los agentes estresores que más destacaron fue la sobrecarga de tareas, la forma de evaluación, el tipo de trabajo que le solicitan los profesores y el tiempo limitado para su realización. En el caso de los síntomas más comunes resultaron ser la falta de concentración, trastornos del sueño, fatiga crónica, ansiedad, depresión y dolores de cabeza. Las principales estrategias coincidentes para afrontarlo fueron escuchar música, ver televisión y navegar en internet. Conclusiones: El COVID-19 propició un estrés académico mayoritariamente moderado en los estudiantes universitarios peruanos.

Associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, Peruvian university students were forced to adapt to the abrupt change from in-person to virtual education, as a consequence they may have suffered some psychological effects such as academic stress. Objective: Analyze the level of academic stress that Peruvian university students presented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review was carried out, where the PRISMA method was used, in which 29 articles published between 2021 and 2023 were selected. In 75.86% of the recovered studies, the moderate level predominated in the students; In addition, women, those who live in large cities and those who are younger showed higher levels. The stressors that stood out the most were the overload of tasks, the form of evaluation, the type of work that teachers request and the limited time for its completion. In the case of the most common symptoms, they turned out to be lack of concentration, sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, anxiety, depression and headaches. The main coincident coping strategies were listening to music, watching television and surfing the Internet. Conclusions: COVID-19 caused mostly moderate academic stress in Peruvian university students.

Associada à pandemia da COVID-19, os estudantes universitários peruanos foram forçados a se adaptar à mudança abrupta da educação presencial para a virtual, e como consequência podem ter sofrido alguns efeitos psicológicos, como o estresse acadêmico. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de estresse acadêmico que os estudantes universitários peruanos apresentaram durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, onde foi utilizado o método PRISMA, no qual foram selecionados 29 artigos publicados entre 2021 e 2023. Em 75,86% dos estudos recuperados, predominou nos estudantes o nível moderado de estresse acadêmico; Além disso, as mulheres, as que vivem nas grandes cidades e as mais jovens apresentaram níveis mais elevados. Os estressores que mais se destacaram foram a sobrecarga de tarefas, a forma de avaliação, o tipo de trabalho que os professores solicitam e o tempo limitado para sua realização. No caso dos sintomas mais comuns, acabaram por ser falta de concentração, distúrbios do sono, fadiga crónica, ansiedade, depressão e dores de cabeça. As principais estratégias de coping coincidentes foram ouvir música, ver televisão e navegar na Internet. Conclusões: A COVID-19 causou principalmente estresse acadêmico moderado em estudantes universitários peruanos.

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In a competitive and demanding world, academic stress is of increasing concern to students. This systemic, adaptive, and psychological process is composed of stressful stimuli, imbalance symptoms, and coping strategies. The SISCO-II Academic Stress Inventory (SISCO-II-AS) is a psychometric instrument validated in Chile. It evaluates stressors, symptoms, and coping, both individually and globally. For its practical interpretation, a scale is required. Therefore, this study aims to descriptively analyze the SISCO-II-AS and to obtain its corresponding scales. Employing a non-experimental quantitative approach, we administered the SISCO-II-AS to 1,049 second and third-year students from three Chilean universities, with a disproportionate gender representation of 75.21% female to 24.79% male participants. Through descriptive and bivariate analysis, we established norms based on percentiles. For the complete instrument and its subscales, significant differences by sex were identified, with magnitudes varying from small to moderate. For the full instrument and its subscales, bar scale norms by percentile and sex are presented. Each subscale (stressors, physical and psychological reactions, social behavioural reactions, total reaction, and coping) has score ranges defined for low, medium, and high levels. These ranges vary according to the sex of the respondent, with notable differences in stressors and physical, psychological, and social behavioural reactions. This study stands out for its broad and heterogeneous sample, which enriches the representativeness of the data. It offers a comprehensive view of academic stress in college students, identifying distinctive factors and highlighting the importance of gender-sensitive approaches. Its findings contribute to understanding and guide future interventions. By offering a descriptive analysis of the SISCO-II-AS inventory and establishing bar norms, this research aids health professionals and educators in better assessing and addressing academic stress in the student population.

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Introduction: Academic stress (AS) is a prevalent challenge faced by university students, potentially affecting molecular indicators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and global DNA methylation (G-DNA-M). These indicators could illuminate the physiological ramifications of academic stress. Study Design and Methods: This research followed a quantitative, non-experimental, longitudinal panel design spanning two academic semesters, observing phenomena in their natural context. Students from the Medical Technology program at Universidad de Concepción, Chile were involved, with assessments at the beginning and during heightened academic stress periods. Sample: Of the total participants, 63.0% were females, with an average age of 21.14 years at baseline, and 36.92% were males, averaging 21.36 years. By the study's conclusion, female participants averaged 21.95 years, and males 22.13 years. Results: Significant differences were observed between initial and final assessments for the SISCO-II Inventory of Academic Stress and Beck Depression Inventory-II, notably in stressor scores, and physical, and psychological reactions. Gender differences emerged in the final physical and psychological reactions. No significant changes were detected between the two assessments in plasma BDNF or G-DNA-M values. A refined predictive model showcased that, on average, there was a 3.56% decrease in females' plasma BDNF at the final assessment and a 17.14% decrease in males. In the sample, the G-DNA-M percentage at the final assessment increased by 15.06% from the baseline for females and 18.96% for males. Conclusions: The study underscores the physiological impact of academic stress on university students, evidenced by changes in markers like BDNF and G-DNA-M. These findings offer an in-depth understanding of the intricate mechanisms regulating academic stress responses and highlight the need for interventions tailored to mitigate its physiological and psychological effects.

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Introducción: Los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas refieren mayores niveles de estrés académico, particularmente los de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: Caracterizar a estudiantes de Medicina según nivel de estrés, reacciones psicosomáticas y estrategias de afrontamiento usadas durante la pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde septiembre hasta diciembre del 2020, de 30 estudiantes de primer y segundo años de la carrera de Medicina, pertenecientes a la Facultad No. 2 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, que refirieron sentirse nerviosos. Como variables analizadas figuraron: sexo, nivel de estrés autopercibido, situaciones generadoras de estrés, reacciones físicas, psicológicas, comportamentales, y estrategias de afrontamiento. Se utilizó el porcentaje para los datos cualitativos, así como la media y la desviación estándar para los cuantitativos. Resultados: El nivel de estrés autopercibido resultó medio en el sexo masculino y alto en el femenino. En el estudio predominaron el tiempo limitado para la realización de trabajos, las evaluaciones de los profesores y la sobrecarga académica como situaciones generadoras de estrés; la somnolencia, la inquietud, el aislamiento y los conflictos o discusiones como principales reacciones; la planificación de sus tareas, la búsqueda de información sobre la situación y la habilidad asertiva como estrategias de afrontamiento. Conclusiones: La muestra estudiada se caracterizó por presentar nivel medio de estrés autopercibido, responder a situaciones generadoras de estrés académico, expresar reacciones físicas, psicológicas y comportamentales ante estas situaciones, así como también por usar estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en el problema.

Introduction: Medical sciences students refer higher levels of academic stress, particularly those of the Medicine career. Objective: To characterize Medicine students according to stress level, psychosomatic reactions and confrontation strategies used during covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from September to December, 2020, of 30 first and second year students of the Medicine career, belonging to Faculty No. 2 of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba that referred to feel nervous. The analyzed variables were sex, self-perceived level of stress, situations generating stress, physical, psychological, behavioural reactions and confrontation strategies. The percentage was used for the qualitative data, as well as the mean and the standard deviation for the quantitative ones. Results: The self-perceived level of stress was average in the male sex and high in the female sex. In the study there was a prevalence of the limited time for the realization of works, evaluations of professors and academic overload as situations generating stress; the drowsiness, restlessness, isolation and conflicts or discussions as main reactions; planning of their tasks, search of information on the situation and assertive skill as confrontation strategies. Conclusions: The studied sample was characterized by presenting a medium level of self-perceived stress, responding to situations that generate academic stress, expressing physical, psychological and behavioural reactions when facing these situations, as well as using confrontation strategies focused on the problem.

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El estudio tuvo por Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de estrés académicos en alumnos de Enfermería de una universidad estatal de Ica 2022. Material y métodos: Investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo, de corte transversal, con población de estudio de 432 alumnos de la Facultad de Enfermería y una muestra de 205, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, como instrumento un cuestionario validado por Condori Melisa Patricia, este test tiene como reseña al Inventario modificado por Arturo Barraza Masías de Estrés Académico. Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizó el estadístico de Z. Resultados: En los datos generales se identificó que el 88.3% fueron mujeres y el 11.7% varones, predominando la edad de 20 a 24 años con 79.5%. El estrés académico fue de nivel medio con un 53.2% y nivel alto con 21.0%. El 42.3% de los alumnos presentaron más de 3 situaciones estresantes, predominando la realización de exámenes, sobrecarga académica y número de tareas interpuestas, las principales manifestaciones físicas fueron la fatiga crónica, dolores de cabeza y somnolencia, en manifestaciones psicológicas predominó la inquietud, tristeza y depresión, problemas para concentrarse y sentimientos de miedo, las manifestaciones comportamentales más frecuentes fueron el desgano para realizar labores académicas, consumo disminuido o excesivo de alimentos, y aislamiento de los demás. Conclusiones: El estrés académico percibido por los alumnos de enfermería fue predominantemente de nivel medio. (AU)

The Objective of this study was: Determine the level of academic stress in Nursing students of a state university in Ica 2022. Material and methods: Research with a quantitative approach, descriptive level, cross-sectional, with a study population of 432 students of the Faculty of Nursing and a sample of 205, the survey technique was used, as an instrument a questionnaire validated by Condori Melisa Patricia, this test has as a review the Inventory modified by Arturo Barraza Masías of Academic Stress. For the descriptive analysis, the Z statistic was used. Results: In the general data, it was identified that 88.3% were women and 11.7% men, with a predominance of 20 to 24 years of age with 79.5%. Academic stress was of high-level medium with 53.2% and high level with 21.0%. The 42.3% of the students presented more than 3 stressful situations, predominantly taking exams, academic overload and number of tasks, the main physical reactions were chronic fatigue, headaches and drowsiness, in psychological reactions restlessness predominated, sadness and depression, problems concentrating and feelings of fear, the most frequent behavioral reactions were reluctance to carry out academic tasks, decreased or excessive consumption of food, and isolation from others. Conclusions: The academic stress perceived by the nursing students was predominantly medium level. (AU)

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Abstract Introduction Academic stress is a common problem among medical students that has a negative physiological, social, and learning impact. Perceived academic stress indicates how stressed a student is about academic issues over a given period of time and the ability to handle that stress. Objective To determine the prevalence of PAS and evaluate possible risk factors, focusing on sex differences, burnout, emotional distress, academic-social support, and coping strategies. Method A cross-sectional, retrospective, and comparative study was conducted through an online survey with medical students (MS) willing to participate anonymously. Results All students reported PAS and the majority to a moderate-severe degree. Comparing the presence of abuse within the academic environment between men and women, we found differences in the frequency of reporting emotional abuse and sexual. Also, we found differences in perceived academic social support from teachers and family members. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed sex and current sexual abuse inside school had the strongest association with PAS in MS, followed by a family history of depression and perceived less academic social support from family. Discussion and conclusion Timely identification of individuals at-risk will be critical to establish preventive strategies to limit the impact of PAS in MS, stress management programs, training coping skills, and offer prompt therapeutic alternatives when needed.

Resumen Introducción El estrés académico es un problema común entre los estudiantes de medicina que tiene un impacto negativo a nivel fisiológico, social y de aprendizaje. El estrés académico percibido (PAS) indica lo estresado que está un estudiante por cuestiones académicas durante un periodo de tiempo determinado y la capacidad para manejar ese estrés. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del PAS y evaluar los posibles factores de riesgo, centrándose en las diferencias por sexo, burnout, el malestar emocional, el apoyo académico-social y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo y comparativo a través de una encuesta en línea con estudiantes de medicina dispuestos a participar de forma anónima. Resultados Todos los estudiantes reportaron PAS y la mayoría en un grado moderado-severo. Comparando la presencia de maltrato dentro del ámbito académico entre hombres y mujeres, encontramos diferencias en la frecuencia de denuncia de maltrato emocional y sexual. Asimismo, encontramos diferencias en el apoyo social académico percibido por parte de docentes y familiares. El análisis de regresión logística múltiple mostró que el sexo y el abuso sexual actual dentro de la escuela tenían la asociación más fuerte con PAS, seguidos por antecedentes familiares de depresión y menos apoyo social académico percibido por parte de la familia. Discusión y conclusión La identificación oportuna de las personas en riesgo será fundamental para establecer estrategias preventivas para limitar el impacto de PAS, programas de manejo del estrés, capacitación en habilidades de afrontamiento y ofrecer alternativas terapéuticas rápidas cuando sea necesario.

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Introducción: La educación universitaria constituye un proceso generador de muchas tensiones para los estudiantes de todo el mundo, que se ha asociado a altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones de estrés académico en estudiantes del tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 10 estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba, diagnosticados con estrés académico en la Unidad de Orientación Estudiantil, desde enero hasta junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominó el estrés moderado en 70,0 % de los alumnos, con una primacía del sexo femenino (50,0 %). La frecuencia de intensidad de la preocupación fue expresada en el valor categorial mucho (70,0 %). Entre los principales factores estresores identificados figuraron: sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, evaluaciones de los profesores y participación en clase, que en su totalidad forman parte de la dinámica del proceso formativo de la carrera. También prevaleció la diversidad de estrategias de afrontamiento a dicho estrés. Conclusiones: El estrés académico se presentó mayormente en las esferas afectiva y conductual de los estudiantes y se asoció a sucesos vivenciales como factores estresores.

Introduction: University education constitutes a process that generates many tensions for the students from all over the world, which has been associated with high stress levels, anxiety and depression. Objective: To describe the manifestations of academic stress in students from the third year of Medicine. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 10 students from the Medicine Faculty No. 1 was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, diagnosed with academic stress in the Student Direction Unit, from January to June, 2022. Results: The moderated stress prevailed in 70.0 % of the students, with a primacy of female sex (50.0 %). The frequency of intensity of the concern was expressed in the categorical value (70.0 %) as many. Among the main identified factors that cause stress we can mention: excess of tasks and works, professors evaluations and participation in class that are part of the dynamics in the training process of the career. Also, the diversity of strategies to face this stress prevailed. Conclusions: The academic stress was mostly present in the affective and behavioral spheres of the students and was associated with events experienced as factors that cause stress.

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Introducción: a pesar del empleo de indicadores fisiológicos, psicofisiológicos y psicológicos asociados al estrés académico, la comunidad científica no ha logrado definir con total claridad qué comportamiento debe seguir. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de indicadores relacionados con el estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: están referidos a la aplicación de un procedimiento que consta de tres etapas: preparatoria, experimental y resultados. Se evaluaron los indicadores variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, umbral de discriminación táctil, percepción de profundidad, tiempo de reacción simple y Prueba de Yoshitake. Como herramienta para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el software Statgraphic Centurion 15.0. Resultados: existen diferencias significativas entre el antes y el después para la muestra examinada, además de diferencias entre las variaciones obtenidas de los indicadores entre los grupos. Se detectaron discrepancias entre los resultados obtenidos en el indicador tiempo de reacción simple, en presencia de estrés académico, y los obtenidos por otros investigadores. Conclusiones: fue demostrada la presencia de diferencias significativas en el comportamiento de los indicadores seleccionados ante la presencia de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios, al menos bajo condiciones experimentales.

Introduction: in spite of the use of physiological, psycho-physiological and psychological indicators associated to academic stress, the scientific community has not been able to totally clear define what behavior should be followed. Objective: to analyze the behavior of indicators related to academic stress in university students. Materials and methods: they refer to the application of a procedure consisting in three stages: preparatory, experimental and results. The indicators heart frequency variability, tactile discrimination threshold, depth perception, simple reaction time and Yoshitake test were evaluated. The Statgraphic Centurion 15.0 software was used as a tool for information processing. Results: there are significant differences between before and after for the examined sample, in addition to differences between the variations obtained from indicators between the groups. Discrepancies were detected between the results obtained in the indicator simple reaction time, in the presence of academic stress, and those obtained by other researchers. Conclusions: the existence of significant differences in the behavior of chosen indicators in the presence of academic stress in university students was demonstrated, at least under experimental conditions.

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Introducción: el estrés académico es un proceso sistémico, adaptativo y esencialmente psicológico; es la manera de reaccionar de una persona frente a ciertos estímulos. El del artículo es evaluar el estrés académico en estudiantes de primer y segundo años de la carrera Estomatología. Método: investigación analítica de corte pedagógico en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por los 42 estudiantes matriculados en primer y segundo año de la carrera; a los que se les aplicó el inventario SISCO de Estrés Académico, diseñado para establecer los niveles de estrés en estudiantes universitarios. Los datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Predominó el nivel moderado de estrés en ambos grupos, con el 70 y 72,7 % en primer y segundo año respectivamente. Los estresores que más influyeron fueron las evaluaciones de los profesores y el tiempo limitado para realizar el trabajo que solicitan con puntuaciones por encima de 10 en primer año y 9 en segundo. Predominaron las reacciones psicológicas y físicas en segundo año y la estrategia de afrontamiento predominante fue la elaboración de un plan y ejecución de sus tareas con puntuación de 9 en segundo año y 11,4 en primero (p=0,006). Discusión: el ingreso a la universidad y los cambios que suscita, la adopción gradual de responsabilidades y la percepción individual además de los efectos de la pandemia se consideran factores que influyen en el estrés manifestado por los estudiantes; situación que afrontan fundamentalmente mediante la elaboración de un plan y la ejecución de sus tareas.

Introduction: Academic stress is a systemic, adaptive and essentially psychological process; it is the way people react to certain stimuli. Aim: to assess the academic stress in first and second year students of Dentistry. Method: analytic research with pedagogical kind, conducted in Camaguey Faculty of Dentistry involving the 42 students of first and second year of the program. SISCO tool of academic stress was applied since it allows to establish the levels of stress in university students. Data were processed through both descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: Moderate levels of stress were predominant in both years with 70% and 72,7 % in first and second respectively. The most influent stressors were the evaluations and the limited time for accomplishment of assigned tasks with figures above 10 in first year and 9 in second one. Psychological and physical reactions were predominant in second year students, and the most used strategy to face up to stress was elaboration of a plan and carry out its tasks which exhibited figures of 9 in second year and 11,4 in first year (p=0,006). Discussion: university admission and changes associated combined, the gradual responsibilities assumed and individual perception together with the impact of the pandemics are the main factors contributing to the stress exhibited by students; issue faced by elaborating a plan and develop its tasks as it is the preferred strategy.