RESUMO

Alum sludge (AS) is a by-product generated from drinking water treatment and produced in large amounts around the world. Its chemical composition makes this waste an emerging alternative source of silicon and aluminum for aluminosilicates or zeolite material production, which can add value to residues and contribute to the circular economy process on a global scale. In this sense, and considering the scarcity of information about AS, this review shows data collection about AS in different countries, including generation, chemical composition, and disposal information. The reuse of AS is discussed based on circular economy and the environmental gains derived from such approaches are highlighted, including the possibility of utilization with other residues (e.g., ash, bioproducts, etc). Moreover, this review shows and discusses the benefits and challenges of AS reuse in the synthesis process and how it can be a sustainable raw material for aluminosilicates and zeolite synthesis. The most common conditions (conventional or non-conventional) in zeolite synthesis from AS are mentioned and advantages, limitations and trends are discussed. The discussions and data presented can improve the AS management and reuse legislations, which certainly will collaborate with sustainable AS use and circular economy processes.

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RESUMO

Addition of zeolite to caninedietscan improve fecal characteristics, reducing its moisture and odor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an increasing dietary inclusion of zeolite on nutrient and energy digestibility, fecal characteristics, and diet palatability for dogsfed diets containing high soybean meal level. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment evaluated the effect of increasing concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 g/kg) of zeolite (clinoptilolite) in extruded dog foods on diet digestibility and fecal quality. Six adult dogs were distributed to treatments arranged in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The second assessed the effect of 20 or 50 g clinoptilolite per kg of diet on food palatability, where in 20 dogs were distributedinto two tests, in a completely randomized experimental design (0 vs.20 g/kg and 0 vs. 50 g/kg zeolite). Despite the small variation, dietary zeolite inclusion reduced diet metabolizable energy content (15.4 to 14.7 MJ/kg, P 0.05) in ammonia nitrogen, sialic acid, fecal pH,or diet palatability.The inclusion of up to 50 g natural clinoptilolite per kg of diet increases fDM content, maintains adequate fecal score and has no negative impact on diet palatability.

O uso de zeólita na alimentação de cães é realizado visando melhorar as características fecais, reduzindo sua umidade e odor. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a inclusão crescente de zeólita sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e energia, características fecais e palatabilidade de cães alimentados com dieta contendo altos níveis de farelo de soja. Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro avaliou a inclusão crescente de zeólita (clinoptilolita): 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g/kg em dietas extrusadas para cães sobre a digestibilidade e qualidade das fezes. Foram utilizados seis cães adultos, em quadrado latino 6x6. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a inclusão de 20 e 50 g/kg de clinoptilolita na dieta sobre a palatabilidade em cães. Foram utilizados 20 cães em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em dois tratamentos (0 vs.20g/kg e 0 vs. 50 g/kg de zeólita). Embora com pequena variação, a inclusão de zeólita resultou em redução linear da energia metabolizável (15,4 a 14,7 MJ/kg, P 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças na palatabilidade das dietas. A inclusão de até 50 g/kg de clinoptilolita natural aumenta o teor de matéria seca fecal, com manutenção de adequado escore fecal, sem afetar negativamente a palatabilidade das dietas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Addition of zeolite to caninedietscan improve fecal characteristics, reducing its moisture and odor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an increasing dietary inclusion of zeolite on nutrient and energy digestibility, fecal characteristics, and diet palatability for dogsfed diets containing high soybean meal level. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment evaluated the effect of increasing concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 g/kg) of zeolite (clinoptilolite) in extruded dog foods on diet digestibility and fecal quality. Six adult dogs were distributed to treatments arranged in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The second assessed the effect of 20 or 50 g clinoptilolite per kg of diet on food palatability, where in 20 dogs were distributedinto two tests, in a completely randomized experimental design (0 vs.20 g/kg and 0 vs. 50 g/kg zeolite). Despite the small variation, dietary zeolite inclusion reduced diet metabolizable energy content (15.4 to 14.7 MJ/kg, P < 0.05) and the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (0.773 to 0.740, P < 0.05). Fecal dry matter (fDM) content increased as zeolite concentrations increased (30.4% to 36.1%, P < 0.05), but fecal score had no effect. Zeolite concentrations caused no changes (P > 0.05) in ammonia nitrogen, sialic acid, fecal pH,or diet palatability.The inclusion of up to 50 g natural clinoptilolite per kg of diet increases fDM content, maintains adequate fecal score and has no negative impact on diet palatability.(AU)

O uso de zeólita na alimentação de cães é realizado visando melhorar as características fecais, reduzindo sua umidade e odor. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a inclusão crescente de zeólita sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e energia, características fecais e palatabilidade de cães alimentados com dieta contendo altos níveis de farelo de soja. Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro avaliou a inclusão crescente de zeólita (clinoptilolita): 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g/kg em dietas extrusadas para cães sobre a digestibilidade e qualidade das fezes. Foram utilizados seis cães adultos, em quadrado latino 6x6. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a inclusão de 20 e 50 g/kg de clinoptilolita na dieta sobre a palatabilidade em cães. Foram utilizados 20 cães em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em dois tratamentos (0 vs.20g/kg e 0 vs. 50 g/kg de zeólita). Embora com pequena variação, a inclusão de zeólita resultou em redução linear da energia metabolizável (15,4 a 14,7 MJ/kg, P < 0,05) e do coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (0,773 a 0,740, P < 0,05). A matéria seca fecal aumentou com os níveis crescentes de zeólita (30,4% a 36,1%, P < 0,05) não afetando, entretanto, o escore das fezes. Os níveis de zeólita não causaram diferença quanto ao nitrogênio amoniacal, ácido siálico e pH fecal (P > 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças na palatabilidade das dietas. A inclusão de até 50 g/kg de clinoptilolita natural aumenta o teor de matéria seca fecal, com manutenção de adequado escore fecal, sem afetar negativamente a palatabilidade das dietas.(AU)

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RESUMO

Goose fatty liver is a delicious food product and the overfeeding will cause the abnormal physiology of the geese. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) on the fatty liver, ileal and cecal microbiota of Landes geese during overfeeding. Sixty 70-day-old Landes geese (body weight= 3.0 ± 0.05 kg) were randomly divided into three groups, two of which were overfed with whole corn supplemented with or without HSCAS for 20 days when the fatty liver reaches to the maximum size and the negative control group was ad libitum access to the corn basal diet. The intestinal contents of the ileum and cecum from three geese per group were used for high-throughput sequencing. As a result of this study, the HSCAS-treatment led to an increase in relative liver weight (p 0.05) of geese compared with the overfeeding control group. The richness and diversity of the bacterial communities decreased in the ileum and ceca after overfeeding. Overfeeding increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, especially Lactobacillus, in ileal samples. HSCAS supplementation increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacillus in the ileum and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichi, Bacteroides and Escherichia in the ceca. Bacterial richness indicators were also increased in samples from ileum and ceca after HSCAS supplementation. In conclusion, dietary HSCAS supplementation promoted liver performance in overfed Landes geese. HSCAS treatment had a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota composition in geese during the overfeeding.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Goose fatty liver is a delicious food product and the overfeeding will cause the abnormal physiology of the geese. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) on the fatty liver, ileal and cecal microbiota of Landes geese during overfeeding. Sixty 70-day-old Landes geese (body weight= 3.0 ± 0.05 kg) were randomly divided into three groups, two of which were overfed with whole corn supplemented with or without HSCAS for 20 days when the fatty liver reaches to the maximum size and the negative control group was ad libitum access to the corn basal diet. The intestinal contents of the ileum and cecum from three geese per group were used for high-throughput sequencing. As a result of this study, the HSCAS-treatment led to an increase in relative liver weight (p 0.05) of geese compared with the overfeeding control group. The richness and diversity of the bacterial communities decreased in the ileum and ceca after overfeeding. Overfeeding increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, especially Lactobacillus, in ileal samples. HSCAS supplementation increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacillus in the ileum and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichi, Bacteroides and Escherichia in the ceca. Bacterial richness indicators were also increased in samples from ileum and ceca after HSCAS supplementation. In conclusion, dietary HSCAS supplementation promoted liver performance in overfed Landes geese. HSCAS treatment had a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota composition in geese during the overfeeding.

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RESUMO

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive-detox preparation (P-dP) based on humic and aluminosilicate substances in the diet of laying hens (3% daily dose) previously intoxicated with methylmercury chloride (CH3ClHg, 5 mg Hg/kg feed mixture) for six weeks. Mercury content in the whole eggs of the group intoxicated with CH3ClHg increased compared to the control group: 488-fold after 1 wk, 622-fold after 2 wks, and 853-fold after 6 wks of intoxication. The use of P-dP in the group previously intoxicated with CH3ClHg reduced he mercury content of whole eggs by 18.4%, on average, whereas the average was 29.9% two weeks after the discontinuation of CH3ClHg and P-dP supply. Maximum Hg content in the whole egg was observed in group III (299.7 g), whereas the highest mercury level was obtained in the egg albumen.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive-detox preparation (P-dP) based on humic and aluminosilicate substances in the diet of laying hens (3% daily dose) previously intoxicated with methylmercury chloride (CH3ClHg, 5 mg Hg/kg feed mixture) for six weeks. Mercury content in the whole eggs of the group intoxicated with CH3ClHg increased compared to the control group: 488-fold after 1 wk, 622-fold after 2 wks, and 853-fold after 6 wks of intoxication. The use of P-dP in the group previously intoxicated with CH3ClHg reduced he mercury content of whole eggs by 18.4%, on average, whereas the average was 29.9% two weeks after the discontinuation of CH3ClHg and P-dP supply. Maximum Hg content in the whole egg was observed in group III (299.7 g), whereas the highest mercury level was obtained in the egg albumen.

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