RESUMO
Natural pigments have received special attention from the market and industry as they could overcome the harm to health and the environmental issues caused by synthetic pigments. These pigments are commonly extracted from a wide range of organisms, and when added to products they can alter/add new physical-chemical or biological properties to them. Fungi from extreme environments showed to be a promising source in the search for biomolecules with antimicrobial and antiparasitic potential. This study aimed to isolate fungi from Antarctic soils and screen them for pigment production with antimicrobial and antiparasitic potential, together with other previously isolated strains A total of 52 fungi were isolated from soils in front of the Collins Glacier (Southeast border). Also, 106 filamentous fungi previously isolated from the Collins Glacier (West border) were screened for extracellular pigment production. Five strains were able to produce extracellular pigments and were identified by ITS sequencing as Talaromyces cnidii, Pseudogymnoascus shaanxiensis and Pseudogymnoascus sp. All Pseudogymnoascus spp. (SC04.P3, SC3.P3, SC122.P3 and ACF093) extracts were able to inhibit S. aureus ATCC6538 and two (SC12.P3, SC32.P3) presented activity against Leishmania (L.) infantum, Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanossoma cruzii. Extracts compounds characterization by UPLC-ESI-QToF analysis confirmed the presence of molecules with biological activity such as: Asterric acid, Violaceol, Mollicellin, Psegynamide A, Diorcinol, Thailandolide A. In conclusion, this work showed the potential of Antartic fungal strains from Collins Glacier for bioactive molecules production with activity against Gram positive bacteria and parasitic protozoas.
Assuntos
Antiparasitários , Pigmentos Biológicos , Regiões Antárticas , Pigmentos Biológicos/farmacologia , Pigmentos Biológicos/biossíntese , Antiparasitários/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/metabolismo , Fungos/classificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Animais , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introducción: los moluscos marinos constituyen un reservorio natural de moléculas con potencialidades terapéuticas para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas en momentos en que se han descrito numerosas cepas resistentes a los antibióticos convencionales. Objetivo: comparar 3 soluciones: ácido acético 30 por ciento, metanol 50 por ciento y salina-ácida (NaCl 0,6 mol/L, HCl 1 por ciento) atendiendo a sus capacidades extractivas de moléculas con actividad antibacteriana del molusco marino Cenchritis muricatus. Métodos: para el procesamiento del material biológico se utilizaron las 3 soluciones de extracción y se analizaron los extractos obtenidos de acuerdo con la concentración de proteínas totales y la inhibición del crecimiento bacteriano de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli, mediante un bioensayo turbidimétrico en microplacas de 96 pocillos en medio Luria-Bertani. Resultados: se obtuvo mayor concentración de proteínas totales (7,8 mg/mL) con el extracto total de C. muricatus obtenido con la solución salina-ácida. Además con 200 mg/mL de proteínas totales del extracto se obtuvo inhibición significativa (p< 0,001) del crecimiento de S. aureus (12,64 por ciento) y E. coli (12,1 por ciento) respecto al control positivo de inhibición del crecimiento por cloranfenicol. Conclusiones: de acuerdo con los resultados de la comparación entre las soluciones, la solución salina-ácida resultó ser la más eficiente en la extracción de moléculas antibacterianas, probablemente péptidos antimicrobianos de C. muricatus.
Introduction: marine mollusks are natural reservoirs of molecules with therapeutic potential for the treatment of infectious diseases, at a time when many antibiotic-resistant strains are being described. Objective: to compare three solutions: 30 percent acetic acid, 50 percent methanol and saline-acid (NaCl 0.6 mol/L, 1 percent HCl) according to their capacities to extract molecules with antimicrobial activity from the marine mollusk Cenchritis muricatus. Methods: the three extraction solutions were used to process the biological material, and then, the obtained extracts were analyzed in terms of total protein concentration and the bacterial growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains by means of a turbidimetric bioassay using 96 well microplates in Luria-Bertani (LB) culture medium. Results: the highest total protein concentration (7.8 mg/mL) was found in the C. muricatus extract from the saline-acid solution. Additionally, 200 mg/mL of total proteins from the extract caused significant growth inhibition (p<0.001) of S. aureus (12.64 percent) and E. coli (12.1 percent) compared to the positive control of growth inhibition using chloramphenicol. Conclusions: according to these results, the saline-acid solution proved to be more efficient in extracting molecules with antibacterial activity that are likely to be antimicrobial peptides from C. muricatus.