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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of constant rate infusions (CRI) of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response during surgery, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing mastectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. ANIMALS: A total of 29 female dogs with mammary tumors. METHODS: Premedication consisted of intramuscular acepromazine and morphine. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Dogs were randomized to be administered intravenous DLK [dexmedetomidine 1 µg kg-1 loading dose (LD) and 1 µg kg-1 hour-1; lidocaine 2 mg kg-1 LD and 3 mg kg-1 hour-1; ketamine 1 mg kg-1 LD and 0.6 mg kg-1 hour-1; n = 14] or FLK (fentanyl 5 µg kg-1 LD and 9 µg kg-1 hour-1; same doses of lidocaine and ketamine; n = 15) during anesthesia. Cardiorespiratory variables and end-tidal sevoflurane (Fe'Sevo) were recorded during surgery. The number of dogs administered ephedrine to treat arterial hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg] was recorded. Meloxicam was administered to both groups. Postoperative pain and rescue analgesia requirement were assessed for 24 hours using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. Data were compared using a mixed effects model or a Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: More dogs required ephedrine in FLK than in DLK (67% versus 7%). Heart rate was not significantly different between groups, whereas lower values of MAP (p ≤ 0.01) and Fe'Sevo (p = 0.018) were observed in FLK than in DLK. Rescue analgesia was administered to 2/15 dogs in FLK and 0/14 dogs in DLK. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on the cardiovascular response during surgery, intraoperative infusions of FLK and DLK provided adequate antinociception. Infusion of DLK provided greater stability of blood pressure. Both protocols resulted in minimal need for additional analgesia within 24 hours postoperatively.
Assuntos
Dexmedetomidina , Doenças do Cão , Fentanila , Ketamina , Lidocaína , Mastectomia , Dor Pós-Operatória , Sevoflurano , Animais , Cães/cirurgia , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Feminino , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/farmacologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Mastectomia/veterinária , Sevoflurano/administração & dosagem , Sevoflurano/farmacologia , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Fentanila/farmacologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Anestésicos Intravenosos/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacologia , Infusões Intravenosas/veterinária , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Introducción: La quimioterapia previa o en curso puede presentar una amplia gama de interacciones, que aumentan el efecto clínico y la toxicidad de fármacos utilizados en quimioterapia, como los anestésicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la anestesia sobre las pacientes con neoplasia de mama que recibieron o no quimioterapia neoadyuvante. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal en el Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, durante el período comprendido de enero de 2021 a enero de 2023. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 53,2 años en el Grupo I y 55,4 años en el II. En ambos grupos predominaron los pacientes ASA II, con 92,0 % en el I y 88,0 % en el II. El 92,0 % de las pacientes del Grupo I y el 96,0 % de los del Grupo II recibieron anestesia balanceada. La arritmia (20 %), seguida de prolongación del segmento QT, (4,0 %), la hipertensión arterial (4,0 %), la oliguria (16,0 %) y el dolor posoperatorio (12,0 %) fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes en los pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante. En cuanto a la gravedad, en el 56 % de los pacientes fue severa. El 44 % de las complicaciones (arritmias, prolongación QT e hipertensión arterial y oliguria) aparecieron de manera mediata en el posoperatorio. Conclusiones: Se evaluó la influencia de la anestesia sobre las pacientes con neoplasia de mama que recibieron o no quimioterapia neoadyuvante, y se identificaron las complicaciones asociadas a la conducta anestésica.
Introduction: Drugs used for chemotherapy treatment in the cancer patient may increase the clinical effect and toxicity of anesthetics. Objective: To evaluate the clinical response of anesthesia in female patients operated on for breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: A quasiexperimental, prospective, longitudinal and controlled study was carried out at the anesthesiology and resuscitation service of Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, during the period from January 2021 to January 2023. Results: Fifty patients were evaluated, whose average ages were 53.2 years in Group I and 55.4 years in Group II. Both groups were dominated by patients with American Society of Anesthesia Grade II criteria (92.0 % vs. 88.0 %). Balanced anesthesia was received by 92.0 % of the patients in Group I and 96.0 % of those in Group II. In terms of safety, arrhythmia (20.0 %), QT segment prolongation (4.0 %), arterial hypertension (4.0 %), oliguria (16.0 %) and postoperative pain (12.0 %) were predominant in relation to previous treatment. 56.0 % were grade IV or severe and 44.0 % (arrhythmias, QT prolongation and arterial hypertension and oliguria) had postoperative mediated onset. Conclusions: Complications due to anesthetic agents in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer are more frequent and severe. Complications were identified in relation to the administration of anesthesia.
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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of constant rate infusions (CRI) of fentanyl alone or combined with lidocaine and ketamine (FLK), on physiological parameters, isoflurane requirements and the number of postoperative analgesic rescues in dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy. Twenty-two dogs were premedicated with acepromazine 0.02 mg/kg and morphine 0.5 mg/kg and anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: Fentanyl group (fentanyl 5 µg/kg loading dose [LD] and 9 µg/kg/h CRI; nâ¯=â¯11); FLK group (fentanyl [same doses]; lidocaine 2 mg/kg LD and 3 mg/kg/h CRI; ketamine 1.0 mg/kg LD and 0.6 mg/kg/h CRI;â¯=â¯11). Intraoperative evaluations were performed before the start of surgery and administration of the treatments (T0); three minutes after the LD (T1); during incision and tissue divulsion (T2); during closure of the surgical wound (T3). Meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg) was administered at T3. Blood samples were collected for determination of plasma concentrations of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine. Pain scores and the number of postoperative analgesic rescues with morphine (0.5 mg/kg) were evaluated for 24 hours postoperatively using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. Compared to T0, significant decreases in heart rate (from 84 ± 28 to 53 ± 16 bpm in the Fentanyl group and from 93 ± 16 to 63 ± 15 bpm in FLK) and mean arterial pressure (from 61 ± 5 to 49 ± 10 mmHg in Fentanyl and from 59 ± 3 to 38 ± 6 mmHg in FLK) were observed at T1. Arterial hypotension was transient, with normalization of values at T2 and T3. The expired fraction of isoflurane did not differ significantly between the groups. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine remained within the therapeutic range. Postoperatively, the number of dogs requiring analgesic rescue was significantly lower in the FLK (0/11, 0%) than in the Fentanyl group (5/11, 45%). In dogs administered morphine and meloxicam as part of the anesthesia protocol, an intraoperative CRI of FLK abolished the requirement for postoperative analgesic rescue for 24 hours in dogs undergoing mastectomy.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Isoflurano , Ketamina , Cães , Animais , Fentanila/farmacologia , Fentanila/uso terapêutico , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Ketamina/farmacologia , Ketamina/uso terapêutico , Isoflurano/uso terapêutico , Meloxicam/uso terapêutico , Mastectomia/veterinária , Mastectomia/métodos , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Morfina , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/cirurgiaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Healthcare costs are increasing against the backdrop of scarce resources. Surgical procedures are an important part of healthcare spending, and the cost of anesthetic techniques is relevant as part of the total cost of care and it is a potential target for expenditure optimization. Although important economic differences have been reported internationally for general anesthesia options, there are no publications in Colombia that compare current costs and allow for informed and financially responsible decision-making. Objective: To quantify and compare direct costs associated with the various general anesthesia options most frequently used at the present time. Methods: Cost minimization analysis based on a theoretical model of balanced general anesthesia using isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane in combination with remifentanil, and TIVA (propofol and remifentanil). Initial results were obtained using a deterministic simulation method and a sensitivity analysis was performed using a Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The average total cost per case for the different anesthetic techniques was COP 126381 for sevoflurane, COP 97706 for isoflurane, COP 288605 for desflurane and COP 222 960 for TIVA. Conclusions: Balanced general anesthesia with desflurane is the most costly alternative, 1.2 times more expensive than TIVA, and 2 and 3 times more costly than balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively. TIVA ranks second with a cost 1.8 times higher than balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane and 2.5 times higher than balanced anesthesia with isoflurane.
Resumen Introducción: Los costos de la atención en salud son crecientes y se enfrentan a un escenario de recursos escasos. La realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos hace parte importante de la atención y del gasto en salud, el costo de las técnicas anestésicas utilizadas es relevante en el costo total de la atención y es un objetivo potencial para la optimización del gasto. Aunque a escala internacional se han reportado diferencias económicas importantes entre las alternativas para anestesia general, en Colombia no se cuenta con publicaciones que comparen los costos actuales y permitan una toma de decisiones informada y responsable económicamente. Objetivo: Cuantificar y comparar los costos directos para Colombia de las diferentes alternativas para anestesia general usadas con más frecuencia en la actualidad. Métodos: Análisis de minimización de costos basado en un modelo teórico de anestesia general balanceada con isoflurano, sevoflurano, desflurano en combinación con remifentanilo y TIVA (propofol y remifentanilo). Se obtuvieron resultados iniciales utilizando una simulación con un método determinista y se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad con una simulación de Montecarlo. Resultados: El costo total promedio por caso para las diferentes técnicas anestésicas fue de COP 126.381 para sevoflurano, COP 97.706 para isoflurano, COP 288.605 para desflurano y COP 222.960 para TIVA. Conclusiones: La anestesia general balanceada con desflurano es la alternativa de mayor costo, es 1,2 veces más costosa que la TIVA, y 2 y 3 veces más que la balanceada con sevoflurano e isoflurano, respectivamente. La TIVA ocupa el segundo lugar con un costo 1,8 veces superior a la balanceada con sevoflurano y 2,5 veces a la balanceada con isoflurano.
Assuntos
Pâncreas DivisumRESUMO
Background: The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only bear species inhabiting South America and is classified as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Among the few publications on the use of general anesthesia and advanced monitoring of ursids in veterinary hospital settings, little is described regarding chemical restraint, general anesthesia and monitoring of spectacled bears. This case series describes the use of a dexmedetomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam chemical restraint combination and its effects on cardiorespiratory variables and arterial blood gases observed in two spectacled bears undergoing isoflurane anesthesia for imaging and/or surgical procedures. Cases: Two female, one adult and one senile, all-term captive spectacled bears were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu campus, both with a presumable history of recent trauma. After immobilization with an intramuscular (IM) administration of tiletamine-zolazepam (3.8 - 4.3 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (6.4 - 7.6 µg/kg), induction of anesthesia was achieved by means of intravenous (IV) propofol (1 - 2 mg/kg). After orotracheal intubation animals underwent isoflurane anesthesia under mechanical ventilation through the remainder of the procedures. Initial settings of inspiratory flow rate were adjusted to obtain peak airway pressure (Ppeak ) of 10 cmH2 O and tidal volumes (Vt) of 10 mL/kg, as well as respiratory rates (R) and inspiration-to-expiration (I:E) ratio of 10 breaths/min and 1:2, respectively, and were then adjusted throughout anesthesia to maintain normocapnia (end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations between 35 and 45 mmHg). One of the individuals was chemically restrained (6.4 mg/kg of tiletaminezolazepam and 7.7 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine) on a second anesthetic event for imaging...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Anestésicos Inalatórios/análise , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Tiletamina/administração & dosagem , Ursidae/metabolismo , Zolazepam/administração & dosagem , Animais Selvagens , Isoflurano/administração & dosagem , Taxa RespiratóriaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la anestesia general libre de opioides surge ante la necesidad de evasión del uso de opioides en el transoperatorio y sus efectos indeseados en el posoperatorio. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento hemodinámico y la recuperación anestésica en pacientes intervenidas mediante cirugía ambulatoria por cáncer de mama, en las cuales se administró anestesia general total intravenosa libre de opioides o general balanceada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo en pacientes a las que se aplicó anestesia general balanceada (n=34) y total intravenosa libre de opioides (n=34) intervenidas quirúrgicamente por cáncer de mama, en el Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado", durante el 2018. Resultados: el grupo de anestesia general balanceada mostró mayor variación intraoperatoria de los parámetros evaluados, con diferencias significativas (p=0,019). El tiempo medio de despertar fue menor en el grupo de anestesia total intravenosa (2,10 ± 0,907 min vs 5,35 ± 1,250 min; p<0,01), al igual que el dolor, con diferencia significativa (p<0,05) y el tiempo de recuperación, donde una hora después de la intervención, el 85 % cumplía los criterios de alta anestésica. El retraso en el alta de la unidad de recuperación ocurrió principalmente por el bajo nivel de actividad motora, con mayor incidencia en el grupo de anestesia general balanceada (71 % vs 26 %; p=0,00). Conclusiones: la anestesia total intravenosa libre de opioides fue superior al método general balanceado, pues mostró mayor estabilidad hemodinámica y analgesia, menor incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias y menor tiempo de estancia en sala de recuperación posanestésica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: opioid-free general anesthesia arises from the need to avoid the use of opioids in the transoperative period and the undesirable effects in the postoperative period. Objective: to assess the hemodynamic behavior and anesthetic recovery in patients who underwent ambulatory surgery for breast cancer and those who were given either opioid-free intravenous general or balanced general anesthesia. Methods: a quasi-experimental, prospective study was carried out on patients who received balanced general anesthesia (n=34) and total opioid-free intravenous anesthesia (n=34), who underwent breast cancer surgery at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital during 2018. Results: the group of balanced general anesthesia showed greater intraoperative variation of the parameters assessed, with significant differences (p=0.019). The mean time of awakening was lower in the intravenous total anesthesia group (2.10 ± 0,907 min vs. 5,35 ± 1,250 min; p<0.01), as was pain, with significant difference (p<0.05) and the recovery time, where one hour after the surgery, 85 % met the criteria for anesthesia discharge. The delay in discharge from the recovery unit occurred mainly because of the low level of motor activity, with a higher incidence in the group of balanced general anesthesia (71% vs. 26 %; p=0.00). Conclusions: intravenous opioid-free total anesthesia was higher to the balanced general approach because it showed greater hemodynamic and analgesic stability, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and shorter time spent in the post-anesthesia recovery room.
RESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common issues arising after general anesthesia, for which several independent risk factors (RF) have been described. Objective: To determine the accumulated incidence of PONV during the first 24hours of the postoperative period. Methods: A cohort observational, prospective study was conducted that included all the adults undergoing cholecystectomy under balanced general anesthesia at the EsSalud Talara Hospital from October 2014 until December 2016. The presence of PONV during the first 24hours after surgery was assessed, and univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 244 patients were included, most of them with 2 RFs in the Apfel scale, that represented an accumulated incidence of PONV of 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.57) during the observation period, notwithstanding the fact that 85.25% received antiemetic prophylaxis. The logistic regression analysis identified that being a female (odds ratio [OR] 3.30,95% CI 1.66-6.55, P = 0.0007) and previous PONV or motion sickness (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.25-5.68, P = 0.011) were independent RFs for PONV. The administration of antiemetic prophylaxis and the presence of PONV (P = 0.92) were found to be independent. Conclusion: The high cumulative incidence of PONV could be the result of the type of surgery, the use of volatile anesthetic agents, and errors in the antiemetic pharmacological prophylaxis.
Resumen Introducción: Las náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios (NVPO) son problemas comunes que aparecen luego de la anestesia general, para los que se han descrito varios factores independientes de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia acumulada de NVPO durante las primeras 24 horas del periodo posoperatorio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo de cohorte que incluyó a todos los adultos sometidos a colecistectomía bajo anestesia general balanceada en el Hospital EsSalud Talara desde octubre de 2014 hasta diciembre de 2016. Se evaluó la presencia de NVPO durante las primeras 24 horas posoperatorias y se ejecutaron análisis univariado, bivariado y de regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 244 pacientes, la mayoría con dos factores de riesgo en la escala de Apfel, que presentaron una incidencia acumulada de NVPO de 0.51 (IC 95% 0.45-0.57) en el periodo de observación, a pesar de que el 85.25% recibió profilaxis antiemética. El análisis de regresión logística identificó la presencia de sexo femenino (OR 3.30, IC 95% 1.66-6.55, p = 0.0007) y la historia de NVPO previos o cinetosis (OR 2.67, IC 95% 1.25-5.68, p = 0.011) como factores de riesgo independientes para NVPO. Se halló independencia entre la presencia de profilaxis antiemética y la presencia de NVPO (p=0.92). Conclusiones: La alta incidencia acumulada de NVPO pudiera ser ocasionada por el tipo de cirugía, uso de anestésicos volátiles y falencias en la profilaxis farmacológica antiemética.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Colecistectomia , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios , Anestesia Geral , Período Pós-Operatório , Enjoo devido ao Movimento , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Anestésicos , AntieméticosRESUMO
Introducción. En el proceso de envejecimiento, la mayoría de los sistemas orgánicos mantienen su funcionamiento basal, pero existe una reducción de la reserva funcional y de la capacidad para compensar el estrés fisiológico, lo que hace que los pacientes de mayor edad sean más propensos a complicaciones postoperatorias. Se realizó un estudio en instituciones de Bucaramanga para determinar la incidencia de déficit cognitivo postoperatorio y los factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología. Estudio observacional analítico de cohorte prospectivo realizado en instituciones de salud de Bucaramanga durante 2017 con pacientes mayores de 55 años intervenidos bajo anestesia regional, general balanceada o anestesia total intravenosa. Resultados. Se estudiaron 173 pacientes, 112 mujeres (64.74%) y 61 hombres (35.26%) operados. Las técnicas anestésicas más empleadas fueron: Regional (46.24%) y General balanceada (44.51%). La incidencia de Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio a corto plazo fue 6.36% en pacientes previamente sanos, con valor P significativo (0.001) ajustado. Se detectó deterioro cognitivo del 51.41% con alteraciones en los dominios de lenguaje, atención y memoria; con aumento en la evaluación a largo plazo. Durante el seguimiento de pacientes a largo plazo resultó en un 11.55%, determinando la incidencia de Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio tardío en un 17.91%. La técnica anestésica con mayor proporción de déficit a largo plazo fue la anestesia mixta, comparada con anestesia regional. Discusión. En la actualidad no existe una definición estandarizada de Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio, se ha observado mayor frecuencia y mayor prolongación en pacientes de edad avanzada. El estudio demostró una incidencia temprana significativamente menor, comparándolo con artículos internacionales, pero una incidencia mayor en déficit postoperatorio tardío, resultado de mayores complicaciones intraoperatorias, comparado con otros estudios. Conclusiones. El Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio involucra múltiples factores de riesgo; en el estudio se encontró mayor asociación con la edad, la escolaridad, la hipotensión y la anestesia general. No hubo asociación entre comorbilidades y el Déficit Cognitivo Postoperatorio. Se determinó la presencia de hipotensión para desarrollo de este déficit. Cómo citar: Contreras-Forero FJ, Ochoa ME, Perez M, Pinillos M, Celis L, Valencia-Guampe JS, et al. Incidencia del déficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en bucaramanga (santander, colombia) en el año 2017. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3): 450-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3711
Introduction. Within the aging process, most organic systems maintain their basal functions. However, there is a reduction in functional reserve and the capacity to compensate physiological stress, which makes older patients more prone to postoperative complications. A study was performed in institutions in Bucaramanga to determine the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and the associated risk factors. Methodology. This was a analytical observational prospective cohort study performed in healthcare institutions in Bucaramanga in 2017 with patients older than 55 years of age under regional, balanced general or total intravenous anesthesia. Results. One hundred and seventy-three operated patients were studied, among which 112 (64.74%) were women and 61 (35.26%) were men. The most commonly used anesthetic techniques were: regional (46.24%) and balanced general (44.51%). Short-term Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction incidence was 6.36% in previously healthy patients, with an adjusted significant P value (0.001). Cognitive deterioration was detected in 51.41% of patients, with alterations in their mastery of language, attention and memory. This increased for the long-term evaluation. During long-term patient follow-up, it resulted in 11.55%, determining the incidence of delayed Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction at 17.91%. The anesthetic technique with the highest proportion of long- term dysfunction was mixed anesthesia, compared to regional anesthesia. Discussion. There is currently no standardized definition for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. It has been observed more frequently and for longer extensions in older patients. The study demonstrated a significantly lower early incidence when compared to international articles, but a greater incidence of delayed postoperative dysfunction as a result of more intraoperative complications compared to other studies. Conclusions. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction involves multiple risk factors. The study observed a greater association with age, level of education, hypotension and general anesthesia. There was no association between comorbidities and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. The presence of hypotension was determined for developing this dysfunction. Cómo citar: Contreras-Forero FJ, Ochoa ME, Perez M, Pinillos M, Celis L, Valencia-Guampe JS, et al. Incidencia del déficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en bucaramanga (santander, colombia) en el año 2017. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3): 450-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3711
Introdução. No processo de envelhecimento, a maioria dos sistemas orgânicos mantém seu funcionamento basal, mas há uma diminuição da reserva funcional e da capacidade de compensar o estresse fisiológico que torna os pacientes idosos mais sujeitos a complicações pós-operatórias. Foi realizado um estudo em instituições da cidade de Bucaramanga para determinar a incidência de déficit cognitivo pós-operatório e os fatores de risco associados. Métodos. Estudo observacional analítico de coorte prospectivo realizado em instituições de saúde em Bucaramanga durante o ano de 2017 em pacientes com idade superior a 65 anos operados sob anestesia regional, geral balanceada ou anestesia geral intravenosa. Resultados. Foram estudados 173 pacientes, 112 mulheres (64.74%) e 61 homens (35.26%) operados. As técnicas anestésicas mais utilizadas foram: regional (46.24%) e geral balanceada (44.51%). A incidência de déficit cognitivo pós-operatório de curto prazo foi de 6.36% em pacientes previamente saudáveis, com um valor P significativo (0.001) ajustado. Detectou- se deterioração cognitiva de 51.41% com alterações nos domínios da linguagem, atenção e memória; com aumento na avaliação de longo prazo. No seguimento a longo prazo dos pacientes resultou em 11.55%, determinando a incidência de déficit cognitivo pós-operatório tardio em 17.91%. A técnica anestésica com maior proporção de déficit no longo prazo foi a anestesia mista, em comparação com a anestesia regional. Discussão. Atualmente não existe uma definição padronizada de Déficit Cognitivo Pós-operatório, a qual observa-se com maior frequência e por mais tempo em pacientes idosos. O estudo demonstrou incidência precoce significativamente menor, em comparação com resultados de artigos internacionais, mas maior incidência de déficit pós-operatório tardio, resultado de maiores complicações intraoperatórias, em comparação com outros estudos. Conclusões. O Déficit Cognitivo Pós-operatório envolve múltiplos fatores de risco; o estudo encontrou maior associação com idade, escolaridade, hipotensão e anestesia geral. Não houve associação entre comorbidades e Déficit Cognitivo Pós-operatório. Determinou-se a presença de hipotensão para o desenvolvimento desse déficit. Cómo citar: Contreras-Forero FJ, Ochoa ME, Perez M, Pinillos M, Celis L, Valencia-Guampe JS, et al. Incidencia del déficit cognitivo postoperatorio en anestesia regional y general en una institución de cuarto nivel en bucaramanga (santander, colombia) en el año 2017. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3): 450-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3711
Assuntos
Complicações Cognitivas Pós-Operatórias , Incidência , Anestesia Balanceada , Disfunção Cognitiva , Anestesia Geral , Anestesia IntravenosaRESUMO
Os estudos aplicados à anestesiologia em cervídeos no Brasil atualmente é exíguo, devido ao fato de existirem poucas espécies mantidas em cativeiro, o manejo ser de difícil acesso com elevadas taxas de mortalidade e aos altos custos para realização de estudos in situ. Contudo, o manejo de cervídeos vem sendo uma prática cada vez mais comum tanto ex situ como in situ. Em consequência disso, a utilização de protocolos anestésicos se torna indispensável para a realização de contenções químicas e procedimentos cirúrgicos. Neste último, muitas vezes se faz necessário a anestesia geral ou a anestesia balanceada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a anestesia de um filhote de veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) submetido a osteossíntese de rádio e ulna, no qual foi administrada uma anestesia com a associação de agentes hipnóticos, opióides e bloqueio locorregional. O animal se manteve estável ao longo do trans e pós-anestésico,indicando sucesso ao protocolo de escolha.(AU)
The studies applied to anesthesiology in cervids in Brazil are currently very small, due to the fact that there are few species kept in captivity, management is difficult to access with high mortality rates and high costs for in situ studies. However, the management of cervids has become an increasingly common practice both ex situ and in situ. As a consequence, the use of anesthetic protocols becomes indispensable for the accomplishment of chemical restraints and surgical procedures. In the latter, general anesthesia or balanced anesthesia is often necessary. The objective of this study was to report the anesthesia of a young deer-catingueiro(Mazama gouazoubira) submitted to radio and ulna osteosynthesis, in which anesthesia was administered with the association of hypnotic agents, opioids and locoregional block. The animal remained stable throughout the trans and post-anesthetic, indicating success to the protocol of choice.(AU)
Los estudios aplicados a la anestesiología en cérvidos en Brasil actualmente son exiguos, debido al hecho de que existen pocas especies mantenidas en cautiverio, el manejo es de difícil acceso con altas tasas de mortalidad y los altos costos para realización de estudios in situ. Sin embargo, el manejo de los cérvidos es una práctica cada vez más común tanto ex situ como in situ. En consecuencia, la utilización de protocolos anestésicos se vuelve indispensable para la realización de contenciones químicas y procedimientos quirúrgicos. En este último, muchas veces se hace necesario la anestesia general o la anestesia balanceada. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar la anestesia de un cachorro de venado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) sometido a osteosíntesis de radio y ulna, en el cual se administró una anestesia con la asociación de agentes hipnóticos, opioides y bloqueo locorregional. El animal se mantuvo estable a lo largo del trans y post-anestésico,indicando éxito al protocolo de elección.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cervos/cirurgia , Anestesia/veterinária , Anestesia Balanceada/métodos , Anestesia Balanceada/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Cervus brasilicus , Rádio (Anatomia)/cirurgia , Ulna/cirurgiaRESUMO
Os estudos aplicados à anestesiologia em cervídeos no Brasil atualmente é exíguo, devido ao fato de existirem poucas espécies mantidas em cativeiro, o manejo ser de difícil acesso com elevadas taxas de mortalidade e aos altos custos para realização de estudos in situ. Contudo, o manejo de cervídeos vem sendo uma prática cada vez mais comum tanto ex situ como in situ. Em consequência disso, a utilização de protocolos anestésicos se torna indispensável para a realização de contenções químicas e procedimentos cirúrgicos. Neste último, muitas vezes se faz necessário a anestesia geral ou a anestesia balanceada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a anestesia de um filhote de veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) submetido a osteossíntese de rádio e ulna, no qual foi administrada uma anestesia com a associação de agentes hipnóticos, opióides e bloqueio locorregional. O animal se manteve estável ao longo do trans e pós-anestésico,indicando sucesso ao protocolo de escolha.
The studies applied to anesthesiology in cervids in Brazil are currently very small, due to the fact that there are few species kept in captivity, management is difficult to access with high mortality rates and high costs for in situ studies. However, the management of cervids has become an increasingly common practice both ex situ and in situ. As a consequence, the use of anesthetic protocols becomes indispensable for the accomplishment of chemical restraints and surgical procedures. In the latter, general anesthesia or balanced anesthesia is often necessary. The objective of this study was to report the anesthesia of a young deer-catingueiro(Mazama gouazoubira) submitted to radio and ulna osteosynthesis, in which anesthesia was administered with the association of hypnotic agents, opioids and locoregional block. The animal remained stable throughout the trans and post-anesthetic, indicating success to the protocol of choice.
Los estudios aplicados a la anestesiología en cérvidos en Brasil actualmente son exiguos, debido al hecho de que existen pocas especies mantenidas en cautiverio, el manejo es de difícil acceso con altas tasas de mortalidad y los altos costos para realización de estudios in situ. Sin embargo, el manejo de los cérvidos es una práctica cada vez más común tanto ex situ como in situ. En consecuencia, la utilización de protocolos anestésicos se vuelve indispensable para la realización de contenciones químicas y procedimientos quirúrgicos. En este último, muchas veces se hace necesario la anestesia general o la anestesia balanceada. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar la anestesia de un cachorro de venado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) sometido a osteosíntesis de radio y ulna, en el cual se administró una anestesia con la asociación de agentes hipnóticos, opioides y bloqueo locorregional. El animal se mantuvo estable a lo largo del trans y post-anestésico,indicando éxito al protocolo de elección.