RESUMO
This chapter describes the propagation and characterization of transplantable insulinoma cells as model of insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells in the rat. Here, the cells are propagated by transplantation into rats followed by harvesting after growth for approximately 1 month. The cells are then purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and characterized by pulse-chase radiolabelling and immunoprecipitation of the insulin-related peptides. The results show that the transplantable insulinoma cells produce insulin in a manner similar to that found in normal pancreatic islets.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Imunoprecipitação/métodos , Insulinoma/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Animais , Proliferação de Células/genética , Humanos , Insulina/genética , Secreção de Insulina/genética , Insulinoma/genética , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , RatosRESUMO
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is an ancient and conserved brain gland secreting into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycoproteins that form the Reissner fiber (RF). The present investigation was designed to further investigate the dynamic of the biosynthetic process of RF glycoproteins prior and after their release into the CSF, to identify the RF proteome and N-glycome and to clarify the mechanism of assembly of RF glycoproteins. Various methodological approaches were used: biosynthetic labelling injecting 35S-cysteine and 3H-galactose into the CSF, injection of antibodies against galectin-1 into the cerebrospinal fluid, light and electron microscopical methods; isolated bovine RF was used for proteome analyses by mass spectrometry and glycome analysis by xCGE-LIF. The biosynthetic labelling study further supported that a small pool of SCO-spondin molecules rapidly enter the secretory pathways after its synthesis, while most of the SCO-spondin molecules are stored in the rough endoplasmic reticulum for hours or days before entering the secretory pathway and being released to assemble into RF. The proteomic analysis of RF revealed clusterin and galectin-1 as partners of SCO-spondin; the in vivo use of anti-galectin-1 showed that this lectin is essential for the assembly of RF. Galectin-1 is not secreted by the SCO but evidence was obtained that it would be secreted by multiciliated ependymal cells lying close to the SCO. Further, a surprising variety and complexity of glycan structures were identified in the RF N-glycome that further expands the potential functions of RF to a level not previously envisaged. A model of the macromolecular organization of Reissner fiber is proposed.
Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Órgão Subcomissural/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Cisteína/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Epêndima/citologia , Epêndima/metabolismo , Galactose/metabolismo , Galectina 1/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/ultraestrutura , Glicosilação , Masculino , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Via Secretória , Coloração e Rotulagem , Órgão Subcomissural/ultraestrutura , Radioisótopos de Enxofre/metabolismo , Trítio/metabolismoRESUMO
Pulse radiolabelling of cells with radioactive amino acids such is a common method for investigating the biosynthetic rates of proteins. In this way, the abundance of newly synthesized proteins can be determined by several proteomic techniques including 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE). This chapter describes a protocol for labelling pancreatic islets with 35S-methionine in the presence of low and high concentrations of glucose, followed by subcellular fractionation enrichment of secretory granule proteins and analysis of the granule protein contents by 2DE. This demonstrated that the biosynthetic rates of most of the granule proteins are co-ordinately regulated in the presence of stimulatory glucose concentrations.