RESUMO

High-oleic palm oil is a food-grade oil with desirable properties, as it is characterised by having an oleic acid concentration above 50 % and a high vitamin E and provitamin A content. This study investigated the effect of different combinations of two wall materials (whey protein (WP) and Capsul®, a commercial octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch (OSA-MS)) on the concentration of provitamin A, vitamin E and oleic acid, and the physical properties of high oleic palm oil emulsions encapsulated by Refractance Window drying technology. Wall material composition significantly affected (p < 0.05) all response variables, and R2 values were above 0.75 for all responses. Phytonutrient preservation showed its highest at an OSA-MS: WP concentration ratio of 1: 3. Optimal results were achieved (minimum moisture content, water activity and hygroscopicity, and maximum encapsulation efficiency and phytonutrient preservation) at an OSA-MS concentration of 8.13 % and WP concentration of 91.87 %. Flakes were obtained as a solid structure that protects oil's phytonutrients with 94 %, 75 % and 87 % of preservation of oleic acid, vitamin E and carotenoids, respectively. It shows that the wall material combination and encapsulation technique are suitable for obtaining lipophilic functional compounds.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and complications of different treatment modalities for elderly patients with distal radius fracture (DRF). METHODS: We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Eight databases were searched. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were RCTs that compared different treatment modalities (surgical or nonoperative) in patients older than 60 years with displaced or unstable intra-articular and/or extra-articular DRFs. RESULTS: Twenty-three RCTs met the eligibility criteria (2020 patients). For indirect comparisons, the main findings of the NMA were in volar locking plate (VLP) versus cast immobilization, with the mean differences for the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire at -4.45 points (p < 0.05) and grip strength at 6.11% (p < 0.05). Additionally, VLP showed a lower risk ratio (RR) of minor complications than dorsal plate fixation (RR: 0.02) and bridging external fixation (RR: 0.25). Conversely, VLP and dorsal plate fixation showed higher rates of major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other treatment modalities, VLP showed statistically significant differences for some functional outcomes; however, most differences were not clinically relevant. For complications, although most differences were not statistically significant, VLP was the treatment modality that reported the lowest rate of minor and overall complications but also showed one of the highest rates of major complications in these patients. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022315562.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In order to add value to the beach-cast Sargassum cymosum algae, its biomass was converted by pyrolysis process at 800°C into biochar, characterized and applied in the adsorption of Acetaminophen in batch and fixed-bed processes. Characterization by pH, Point of Zero Charge (pHPZC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric (TG), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Surface area (BET) showed that the biochar presents properties favourable for the Acetaminophen adsorption. High surface area was obtained of 368.1 m². g-1, presenting the formation of pores, observed by SEM. The biochar showed basic characteristics (pH = 8.84 and pHPZC = 9.9), inferring an adsorption involving several different mechanisms such as dispersive interactions by π electrons, electrostatic attractions, and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption mechanism is limited by chemisorption and governed by the formation of monolayer on the biochar surface, the Pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model described the best behaviour of batch adsorption, with equilibrium and maximum adsorption capacity qe = 6.93 ± 0.07 mg. g-1 and qms = 12.34 ± 0.45 mg. g-1, respectively. Fixed-bed adsorption were performed varying adsorbent mass (0.3 and 0.6 g) and flow rate (2.5 and 5.0 mL. min-1), the best qy = 42.33 mg. g-1 found to adsorbent mass of 0.6 g and flow rate of 2.5 mL. min-1. Yan model described the best behaviour of the breakthrough curves data. Thus, the results provide insights into the development of adsorbents from beach-cast of Sargassum cymosum to adsorption of Acetaminophen, enhancing the use of environmental waste to obtain it.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Elbow immobilization due to fractures of the upper limb is frequent in paediatric patients. Proper follow-up is critical to assess elbow functional recovery. Telemedicine can be an option for remote monitoring of these patients. The purpose of this study was to compare personal and virtual evaluation of elbow range of motion after long arm cast withdrawal in paediatric patients. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out which included all paediatric patients with elbow immobilization in long arm casts treated at our centre. After cast withdrawal, elbow range of motion was evaluated by telemedicine and in office consultation in all four movements (flexion, extension, pronation and supination). RESULTS: Ninety-three patients met the selection criteria. Median age at time of immobilization was 8 years. Mean elbow immobilization time was 23 days (range 18-56 days). When comparing office and remote measurements, no statistical differences were found for any of the four elbow movements measured in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Remote evaluation of elbow range of motion by telemedicine is technically feasible. We evaluated elbow range of motion in paediatric patients after immobilization and we did not find differences between digital and in office measurements. The results were similar to those obtained through assessment in the office. We believe that this is a useful tool to facilitate remote patient follow-up.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The assessment of rehabilitation outcomes requires a patient documentation protocol, including records obtained at standardized ages, to compare different types of surgeries, their effects, as well as between different rehabilitation centers. The aim of this paper was to present proper trays for babies with different types of cleft lip and palate, which are used in the outpatient routine at Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies/USP (HRAC/USP). The customized trays are made with self-curing acrylic resin. The tray must have suitable depth to copy the buccal sulcus, and wax is usually applied to contour the tray edge, and the adjustment of the tray to the fornix, making the tray specific for each child. The impression precludes the utilization of dental casts for diagnosis, treatment plan, and research measurements. In the clinical practice at HRAC-USP, it was observed that customized trays increased the quality of impression, accurately reproducing anatomical features of dental arches of babies with oral clefts.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective: There is limited evidence about the cross-cultural validity of autistic symptoms in school-aged children in Brazil. We used data from a large school survey to evaluate the factor structure of autism symptoms in community-dwelling children and adolescents. Methods: We translated the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test to Brazilian Portuguese and performed factor analyses to investigate the factor structure of parent-reported autistic symptoms in a large sample (n=8,571) of children/adolescents from a school survey in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Results: Autistic symptoms were best conceptualized under a correlated-factors model with two factors: one predominantly characterized by social-communication symptoms and the other by symptoms of inflexible/restricted language, behaviors, and interests. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that the structure of autistic symptoms in Brazil is similar to that described in other countries, indicating the cross-cultural validity of autism in Brazil.

RESUMO

Tenderness is one of the main characteristics of meat because it determines its price and acceptability. This is the first bibliometric study on the trend of research on the role of genes in meat tenderness. A total of 175 original and English-language articles published up to 2021 were retrieved from Scopus. The bibliometric analysis was carried out with VOSviewer (version 1.6.18, Eck and Waltman, Leiden, Netherlands) and complemented with the Analyze search results service from Scopus. Erroneous and duplicate data were eliminated, and incomplete information was added to standardize the results. Scientific production was evaluated by means of quantity, quality and structure indicators. As a first glance, 8.816% of authors have published more than 50% of papers mainly related to genes encoding the calpain (CAPN)-calpastatin (CAST) system and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among other findings, a strong link was found between the contribution of the main countries (led by the United States with) and their institutions (led by the USDA Agricultural Research Service with) to their gross domestic product. Most studies on the topic are published in the Journal of Animal Science, and other journals with high impact according to the number of citations and different metrics. Finally, when evaluating the most cited articles, the occurrence and association of the main keywords, it was confirmed that research is focused on the role of CAPN and CAST genes and of SNPs in beef tenderness. The change in science was emphasized; although marker-assisted selection is still used, genes have an infinitesimal effect on complex traits. Therefore, since about 2010, new research groups adopted genomic selection to evaluate dense panels of SNPs and better explain genetic variation in meat tenderness.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence about the cross-cultural validity of autistic symptoms in school-aged children in Brazil. We used data from a large school survey to evaluate the factor structure of autism symptoms in community-dwelling children and adolescents. METHODS: We translated the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test to Brazilian Portuguese and performed factor analyses to investigate the factor structure of parent-reported autistic symptoms in a large sample (n=8,571) of children/adolescents from a school survey in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. RESULTS: Autistic symptoms were best conceptualized under a correlated-factors model with two factors: one predominantly characterized by social-communication symptoms and the other by symptoms of inflexible/restricted language, behaviors, and interests. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that the structure of autistic symptoms in Brazil is similar to that described in other countries, indicating the cross-cultural validity of autism in Brazil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute treatment for distal radius fractures, the most frequent fractures in the pediatric population, represents a challenge to the orthopedic surgeon. Deciding on surgical restoration of the alignment or cast immobilization without reducing the fracture is a complex concern given the remodeling potential of bones in children. In addition, the lack of evidence-based safe boundaries of shortening and angulation, that will not jeopardize upper-extremity functionality in the future, further complicates this decision. OBJECTIVE: The authors aim to measure functional outcomes, assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Physical Function v2.0 instrument. The authors hypothesize that outcomes will not be worse in children treated with cast immobilization in situ compared with those treated with closed reduction with or without percutaneous fixation. The authors also aim to compare the following as secondary outcomes: ulnar variance and fracture alignment in the sagittal and coronal planes, range of motion, pressure ulcers, pain control, radius osteotomy due to deformity, pseudoarthrosis cure, and remanipulation. METHODS: This is the protocol of a randomized noninferiority trial comparing upper-extremity functionality in children aged 5 to 10 years, after sustaining a distal radius fracture, treated with either cast immobilization in situ or closed reduction with or without fixation in a single orthopedic hospital. Functional follow-up is projected at 6 months, while clinical and radiographic follow-up will occur at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 9 months. RESULTS: Recruitment commenced in July 2021. As of January 2022, 23 children have been randomized. Authors expect an average of 5 patients to be recruited monthly; therefore, recruitment and analysis should be complete by October 2024. CONCLUSIONS: This experimental design that addresses upper-extremity functionality after cast immobilization in situ in children who have sustained a distal fracture of the radius may yield compelling information that could aid the clinician in deciding on the most suitable orthopedic treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05008029; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05008029. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/34576.

RESUMO

Open-cast iron mining causes drastic disturbances in soil properties. Recovery of soil chemical and physical properties is essential for successful revegetation and landscape rehabilitation. To identify changes in soil properties during the mining and revegetation process, soil samples were collected from undisturbed sites represented by forest and ferriferous savannas stocking above iron outcrops, called "cangas," in open-pit benches, and in rehabilitation chronosequences of iron waste piles in the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The samples were analyzed for chemical and physical properties. Our results showed that iron mining operations resulted in significant alteration of the chemical soil properties when forest and canga vegetation are suppressed to form open-pit benches or waste piles in the CMP. Mining substrates showed lower contents of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients than undisturbed areas of forests and cangas. In order to achieve the success of revegetation, nutrients have been added prior to plant establishment. We have demonstrated how soil fertility changes along with mineland rehabilitation, and the variation among chronosequence was attributable mainly due to contents of SOM, K, and B in the soil. The slight improvement of SOM found in rehabilitated waste piles reinforces the notion that recovery of soil quality can be a slow process in iron minelands in the CMP.

Assuntos