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In the family social environment, children can experience and observe stressful situations, involving mental health and parental practices. The review by Mendes-Sousa et al. examines the relation between family stress, child development, and offspring mental health. Of the main results, we highlight the relationship between maternal depression with developmental delays and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Furthermore, negative parenting practices were also related to children's emotional and behavioral problems, while positive practices were beneficial to the socio-emotional development of offspring. The review warns about preventing socio-emotional problems in offspring, through promoting parental mental health, positive parenting practices, and cohesive family environments. Finally, we envision a significant path for subsequent research on maternal emotional overload and the central role of mothers in caring for their offspring, exploring shared care for children and potential public policies aimed at mothers' mental health and social inclusion.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to study their associations with clinical data and severity. METHODS: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study of patients (6-17 years) with AD. Assessment of competencies and syndrome scale scores of behavioral problems was performed by applying the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL 6-18) and AD severity using the Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients with AD, 56% were male, with a mean age of 11±3 years, and 43% had moderate/severe AD. Borderline or abnormal values were found in 75% of the patients for total social competence, 57% for internalization, 27% for externalization, and 18% for aggressive behavior. A higher prevalence of aggressive behavior (27.9% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.02) and sleep disorders (32.6% vs. 15.8%; p = 0.04) was observed in patients with moderate/severe AD than in those with mild AD. Children with current or previous use of immunosuppressants/immunobiological tests had a lower frequency of normal social competence (53% vs. 83%, p = 0.012). Regarding the critical questions, 8% responded affirmatively to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of behavioral problems was observed among children and adolescents with AD, with a predominance of internalizing profiles, mainly anxiety and depression. Children with moderate/severe AD have a higher prevalence of aggressive behaviors and sleep disorders. These findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary teams, including mental health professionals, in caring for patients with AD.

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Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to study their associations with clinical data and severity. Methods This was a single-center, cross-sectional study of patients (6-17 years) with AD. Assessment of competencies and syndrome scale scores of behavioral problems was performed by applying the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL 6-18) and AD severity using the Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score. Results Of the 100 patients with AD, 56% were male, with a mean age of 11±3 years, and 43% had moderate/severe AD. Borderline or abnormal values were found in 75% of the patients for total social competence, 57% for internalization, 27% for externalization, and 18% for aggressive behavior. A higher prevalence of aggressive behavior (27.9% vs. 10.5%; p= 0.02) and sleep disorders (32.6% vs. 15.8%; p= 0.04) was observed in patients with moderate/severe AD than in those with mild AD. Children with current or previous use of immunosuppressants/immunobiological tests had a lower frequency of normal social competence (53% vs. 83%, p= 0.012). Regarding the critical questions, 8% responded affirmatively to suicidal ideation. Conclusion A high prevalence of behavioral problems was observed among children and adolescents with AD, with a predominance of internalizing profiles, mainly anxiety and depression. Children with moderate/severe AD have a higher prevalence of aggressive behaviors and sleep disorders. These findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary teams, including mental health professionals, in caring for patients with AD.

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Abstract Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Some studies have shown that substances derived from Cannabis sativa improve the quality of life of children with ASD without causing serious adverse effects, thus providing an alternative therapeutic option. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cannabis extract rich in cannabidiol (CBD) in children with ASD. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 children, aged from 5 to 11 years, were selected and divided into two groups: the treatment group, which received the CBD-rich cannabis extract, and the control group, which received the placebo. They both used their respective products for a period of 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by two-factor mixed analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA). Results Significant results were found for social interaction (F1,116 = 14.13, p = 0.0002), anxiety (F1,116 = 5.99, p = 0.016), psychomotor agitation (F1,116 = 9.22, p = 0.003), number of meals a day (F1,116 = 4.11, p = 0.04), and concentration (F1,48 = 6.75, p = 0.01), the last of which was only significant in mild ASD cases. Regarding safety, it was found that only three children in the treatment group (9.7%) had adverse effects, namely dizziness, insomnia, colic, and weight gain. Conclusion CBD-rich cannabis extract was found to improve one of the diagnostic criteria for ASD (social interaction), as well as features that often co-exist with ASD, and to have few serious adverse effects.

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Técnicas de manejo comportamental são debatidas com frequência no âmbito odontológico. Dentre elas, a presença/ausência dos responsáveis legais na sala durante o atendimento do paciente é, ao mesmo tempo, simples e desafiadora de ser aplicada. O aumento do desejo dos pais em permanecer no consultório durante o atendimento traz consigo a importância de discutir os conflitos éticos e legais do uso dessa técnica. A revisão de literatura proposta teve como base os descritores "Pediatric Dentistry", "Child Behavior" e "Parents" e seus sinônimos, nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO e Scopus, nos últimos 5 anos. Os resultados apontam divergências no estabelecimento de uma regra a ser seguida. Alguns trabalhos relatam que a presença de acompanhantes durante consultas odontológicas representa um importante apoio emocional para pacientes, resultando em melhor manejo de comportamento. Em contrapartida, a técnica de separação pode apresentar benefícios por consolidar a relação profissional-paciente. Contrapondo vantagens e desvantagens observadas na permanência e na separação dos acompanhantes em seus aspectos éticos (Código de Ética Odontológico) e legais (Código Civil, Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor), a literatura científica assinala que a maioria dos acompanhantes e crianças expressa o desejo de não serem separados durante o atendimento. Pacientes considerados incapazes não têm como exercer autonomia nas decisões relacionadas à assistência odontológica. Para os adolescentes, a conquista da autonomia ocorre conforme a maturidade do indivíduo. A incorporação dos responsáveis legais na tomada de decisão divide responsabilidades e traz legitimidade às condutas terapêuticas

Behavioral management techniques are frequently debated in the dental field. Among them, the presence/absence of legal guardians in the room during patient care is, at the same time, simple and challenging to apply. The increased desire of parents to remain in the office during care brings with it the importance of discussing the ethical and legal conflicts of using this technique. The proposed literature review was based on the descriptors "Pediatric Dentistry", "Child Behavior" and "Parents" and their synonyms, in the Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO and Scopus databases, over the last 5 years. The results point to divergences in establishing a rule to be followed. Some studies report that the presence of companions during dental appointments represents important emotional support for patients, resulting in better behavioral management. On the other hand, the separation technique can present benefits by consolidating the professional-patient relationship. Contrasting advantages and disadvantages observed in the permanence and separation of companions in their ethical (Dental Code of Ethics) and legal aspects (Civil Code, Child and Adolescent Statute and Consumer Protection and Defense Code), the scientific literature points out that most companions and children express the desire not to be separated during care. Patients considered incapable cannot exercise autonomy in decisions related to dental care. For adolescents, achieving autonomy occurs according to the individual's maturity. The incorporation of legal guardians in decision-making divides responsibilities and brings legitimacy to therapeutic behaviors

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research was to present the process of intercultural creation and validation, in addition to the analysis of the psychometric properties of the Parenting, Behavior, Emotions and Suicide risk scale. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, cultural adaptation and validation with an ethnic approach were carried out by expert judges in mental health; subsequently, the instrument was applied, and a factorial analysis was carried out, and it was established that there was agreement between the instrument results and two expert perspectives regarding spiritual disharmony. The sample consisted of 168 families of children and young people (54.8% women, 45.2% men), with a mean age of 11.2 years, in Colombia. Regarding the geographical location, 44% were from Guajira, 44.6% were from Nariño and 11.3% were from Vaupés, from the Wayuu, Awá and Emberá communities, respectively. RESULTS: The scale showed high reliability (Chronbach's α=0.911), and in the factorial analysis the following parenting domains were formed from the parents: involvement, monitoring and bond, from boys, girls and young people; suicidal risk perceived by caregivers and perceived by children and young people; in addition to a total mental health risk. The questions that inquired about hallucinations and seizures did not show grouping in any factor, and two questions were eliminated. Similarly, a high inter-rater concordance was shown, with a higher Cohen's κ coefficient for all domains. CONCLUSION: There are few intercultural and early detection studies of parenting and mental health problems in children and youth that have an ethnic approach. It is observed that the instrument serves as a means of monitoring mental health issues in children and adolescents, as well as the parenting practices employed in their socialization, from both the perspective of caregivers and the young individuals themselve. This study indicates that the scale is an adequate tool, quick and easy to administer in first-level care settings.

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Resumen Se presentan resultados de una investigación empírica sobre problemas comportamentales en niños y niñas escolarizados entre 6 y 11 años. El objetivo principal es describir, desde la perspectiva epidemiológica, los problemas comportamentales de una muestra clínica (N = 395; edad: . = 7.92 y DE = 1.75) y de una muestra no clínica (N = 363; edad: . = 8.78 años y DE = 1.73). Son objetivos específicos el analizar las diferencias por sexo y variables sociodemográficas en ambos contextos: clínico y no clínico. No se efectuó un estudio comparativo entre ambas muestras. Se administró el formulario Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) y una encuesta sociodemográfica a los adultos responsables. El análisis cuantitativo se efectuó mediante estudios de frecuencia, distribución y asociaciones entre variables con el objetivo de describir a ambas muestras desde el punto de vista de los resultados del CBCL y de las variables sociodemográficas. Se estudiaron asociaciones entre los valores de las escalas de síndromes del CBCL y las variables sociodemográficas mediante el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA). Se obtuvieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de problemas comportamentales y las condiciones socioeconómicas de la familia: a mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y educativa, mayor deterioro en la salud mental infantil. Este estudio se encontró con la dificultad de las restricciones sanitarias por la pandemia de COVID-19 para continuar el trabajo de campo. Interesa replicar el estudio y considerar el impacto de la pandemia y el presunto deterioro de las variables sociodemográficas. Se debe priorizar la continuidad de una indagación sostenida para un seguimiento de la salud mental infantil.

Abstract This article shows the results of an empirical research study on behavioral and emotional problems in schoolchildren between 6 and 11 years old. From an epidemiological perspective the goal is to describe the behavioral problems of a clinical sample (N= 395, age: . = 7.92 y SD = 1.75) and a non-clinical sample (N = 363, age: M = 8.78 años y DE = 1.73). The specific objectives are to analyze the differences by sex and possible sociodemographic variables in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. A comparative study between both samples is not carried out. We administered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a sociodemographic survey to the responsible adults. The quantitative analysis was carried out through studies of frequency, distribution and associations among variables in order to describe both samples from the point of view of the CBCL results and of the sociodemographic variables. In order to identify the possible sociodemographic conditioning factors in the childhood and youth psychopathology, we studied the associations among the CBCL syndrome scale scores and the different sociodemographic variables through the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the clinical sample show mental health deterioration in boys and girls compared to previous studies. The increase of the internalizing and externalizing syndrome scores is significant. The prejudices and gender stereotypes constitute obstacles to gain access to mental health services in childhood, especially for girls whose psychological conditions may often go unnoticed. In the non-clinical sample, the gender distribution is even and the total average of average scores is lower compared to studies performed in other populations in previous years. In both samples we observe a significant relation between the psychological and behavioral problems and the socio-economic conditions of the family. The higher the educational and socio-economic vulnerability, the higher the deterioration of the children's mental health. The simultaneous study from the epidemiological perspective in both samples is necessary to detect psychopathological problems in childhood. This study encountered some limitations: the difficulty to continue the field work due to sanitary restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic. We want to replicate the study in both samples considering the impact of the pandemic and the alleged deterioration of the sociodemographic variables and family conditions. Another limitation has been the socio-economic homogeneity of the clinical sample. It would be useful in the future to include clinical samples that belong to other socioeconomic sectors who receive mental health care from private medical insurances or medical insurances run by labor unions. The shortage of epidemiological studies on emotional and behavioral problems in children and the lack of research work on the right to receive mental health care in childhood, indicate the absence of this topic in the political agenda. This deficit prevents the implementation of efficient programs to prevent and early detect mental health problems in children, to extend clinical care proposals in the community and to train professionals so that the programs can have an accurate impact on the population. It is a priority to continue the sustained inquiry in both populations in order to ensure the follow-up of the mental health conditions. Also, it would be useful to extend and deepen the analysis incorporating the examination of other family problems such as violence situations, consumption of psychoactive drugs, suicides and other loss situation.

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BACKGROUND: Among the causes associated with suicide there are social factors such as forced displacement has been described and health factors in general that have an impact on pediatric mental health. AIMS: To describe clinical and psychosocial factors, and their relationship with suicidal behavior in a Colombian indigenous community. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The mean age were 9.23 years old, 53.7% male and 46.3% female. METHOD: Mixed approach study. A thematic analysis was carried out with the youth of the community to investigate emotional aspects. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out and correlations between variables were made. RESULTS: Correlations were found between suicidal behavior and medical findings. When comparing the mental health disorders and nutritional problems, statistically significant differences were found in the Suicide Risk domain (<.001). This was reaffirmed in the thematic analysis, where factors such as migration and difficulty understanding the language are highlighted as related to suicidal behavior in the pediatric population. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal behavior should not be approached solely from psychopathology. Hunger, the weakening of one's own culture, armed conflict, migration, and other clinical conditions are found to be associated with suicidal behavior.

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High-risk newborns are exposed to neonatal conditions such as prematurity, very low birth weight, and congenital malformations that can affect development and behavior. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restraint and control measures have been identified as important stressor events and cumulative risk factors for behavioral changes in these children. This study examined social isolation-related factors that contribute to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children already at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. This cross-sectional, multicenter study included 113 children (18 months to 9 years) who were followed in reference services for neonatal follow-up in tertiary units of the public health system in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Behavior was assessed using the child behavior checklist, and a structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic aspects. In the bivariate analysis, prematurity was associated with externalizing problems and change in eating habits with internalizing problems. The logistic model indicated that both parents having completed high school and both sharing care of the child were protective factors for behavioral problems; however, reports of sleep problems and living with another child were risk factors. In conclusion, the study identified internalizing and externalizing behavior problems related to prematurity and aspects of family structure and routine in children at risk. The findings confirm the importance of family functioning for child health and family-centered interventions.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a aceitação das técnicas de manejo de comportamento infantil por estudantes de primeiro, sexto e nono semestres de um curso de graduação em Odontologia, e a influência que as disciplinas ministradas podem exercer sobre esta. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário (n=55) contendo questões sobre técnicas de orientação comportamental em Odontopediatria. A aceitação sobre as mesmas, foi avaliada por meio de escala Likert. O teste H de Kruskal-Wallis foi utilizado para avaliar diferença entre os três grupos de estudantes seguido do teste de Dunn. Além disso, foi realizada a correlação de Spearmanpara avaliar possíveis fatores de confusão. De forma geral, notou-se que as técnicas básicas foram mais aceitas entre todos os estudantes, já as técnicas de controle de voz, estabilização protetora e as farmacológicas foram menos aceitas. Os participantes do nono semestre aceitaram mais em média "estabilização protetora pais/equipe", "controle de voz"e "estabilização protetora wrap", e menos "presença permitida dos pais" e "recompensa prometida" em relação aos do primeiro semestre. Em comparação ao sexto, os alunos do nono semestres tiveram menor aceitação para "presença permitida dos pais", "recompensa prometida" e "explicar que pode envolver dor", e maior para "estabilização protetora pais/equipe" e "estabilização protetora wrap". A única técnica que demonstrou diferença entre o primeiro e sexto semestres foi "não deixar falar" com menor aceitabilidade entre os estudantes do sexto semestre. A posição do aluno no percurso curricular parece, portanto, influenciar na aceitação das técnicas de manejo comportamental usadas na Odontopediatria (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la aceptación de técnicas de manejo de la conducta infantil por parte de estudiantes de primero, sexto y noveno semestre de la carrera de Odontología, y la influencia que las materias impartidas pueden tener en esto. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario (n=55) que contenía preguntas sobre técnicas de orientación conductual en odontopediatría. La aceptación de los mismos se evaluó mediante una escala Likert. Para evaluar las diferencias entre los tres grupos de estudiantes se utilizó la prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis seguida de la prueba de Dunn. Además, se realizó la correlación de Spearman para evaluar posibles factores de confusión. En general, se observó que las técnicas básicas fueron más aceptadas entre todos los estudiantes, mientras que el control de la voz, la estabilización protectora y las técnicas farmacológicas fueron menos aceptadas. Los participantes del noveno semestre aceptaron más en promedio "estabilización protectora de padres/equipo", "control de voz" y "estabilización protectora envolvente", y menos "presencia parental permitida" y "recompensa prometida" en comparación con los del primer semestre. En comparación con el sexto, los estudiantes del noveno semestre tuvieron una menor aceptación de "presencia parental permitida", "recompensa prometida" y "explicar que puede implicar dolor", y mayor de "estabilización protectora padres/equipo" y "envoltura protectora de estabilización". La única técnica que demostró una diferencia entre el primer y el sexto semestre fue "no dejar hablar" con menor aceptabilidad entre los estudiantes del sexto semestre. Por lo tanto, la posición del estudiante en el plan Percepção dos alunos de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade de Brasília acerca da escolha de técnicas de manejo comportamental em Odontopediatria de estudios parece influir en la aceptación de las técnicas de manejo conductual utilizadas en odontología pediátrica (AU).

This study aimed to analyze the acceptance of undergraduate students in the first, sixth, and ninth semesters about the child behavioral management techniques and to explore the potential influence of the curriculum path on their perception. An online questionnaire (n=55) with questions about mental guidance techniques in Pediatric Dentistry was applied. Their accessibility was assessed using a Likert scale. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn testwere used to analyze the difference between the three groups of students. Spearman's correlationwas used to analyze confounding factors. In general, all students exhibited greater acceptance of basic techniques when compared with voice control, protective stabilization, and pharmacological techniques. Participants in the ninth semester showed greater acceptance of "parent/team protective stabilization", "voice control" and "wrap protective stabilization" techniques, and less acceptance of "parental presence/absence" and "promised reward" compared to the first semester. Compared to the sixth, students in the ninth semester had greater acceptance of "parent/team protective stabilization" and "wrap protective stabilization" techniques and less acceptance of "parental presence/absence", "promised reward" and "explain that it may involve pain". "Don't let people talk" was the only technique that demonstrated a difference between the first and sixth semesters, with lower acceptance among students in the sixth semester. The student's semesters seem, therefore, to influence the acceptance of behavioral management techniques used in Pediatric Dentistry (AU).

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