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Introducción: Desde el registro de los primeros casos de COVID-19 en México, se han derivado una serie de respuestas emocionales caracterizadas por miedo y estrés. Dicho impacto emocional se debe en gran medida a la inundación de información paralela a las fases de la pandemia y la transición entre ellas y la percepción que los individuos tienen de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar la percepción del COVID-19 entre la fase 1 y 2 de la pandemia y entre los medios de información usados para informarse en población mexicana. Métodos: Considerando un muestreo en cadena, se realizó un estudio comparativo en el que se diseminó por medio de correo electrónico y redes sociales una batería de evaluación que respondieron 1560 participantes. Resultados: La preocupación por las consecuencias del COVID-19 y su impacto emocional incrementaron al pasar de la fase 1 a la fase 2 de la pandemia. Además, se identificó que el impacto emocional fue mayor en quienes se informaron a través de Facebook® y televisión. Conclusiones: La pandemia tendrá un impacto emocional progresivo en medida en que avancen sus fases y en la importancia de informarse en medios adecuados para prevenir consecuencias emocionales.
Background: Since the first COVID-19 cases in Mexico there have been a variety of emotional responses which have in common fear and stress. The emotional impact of COVID-19 is builded in some way because the information flooding parallel to the pandemic phases, the transition between them and illness perception. The aim of the present work was to compare the perception of COVID-19 between phase 1 and 2 of the pandemic and between the information media used to inform themselves in the Mexican population. Methods: Considering a chain sampling, a comparative study was carried out in which an evaluation battery was disseminated through email and social networks, which was answered by 1560 participants. Results The concern about the consequences of COVID-19 and its emotional impact increased when going from phase 1 to phase 2 of the pandemic. In addition, it was identified that the emotional impact was greater in those who reported through Facebook® and television. Conclusions: The pandemic will have a progressive emotional impact as its phases progress and the importance of informing oneself in adequate means to prevent emotional consequences.
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RATIONALE: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic condition that predisposes patients to substantially increased risk of early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. FH risks can be minimized through regular participation in three self-management. BEHAVIORS: physical activity, healthy eating, and taking cholesterol lowering medication. OBJECTIVE: The present study tested the effectiveness of an integrated social cognition model in predicting intention to participate in the self-management behaviors in FH patients from seven countries. METHOD: Consecutive patients in FH clinics from Australia, Hong Kong, Brazil, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, and UK (total Nâ¯=â¯726) completed measures of social cognitive beliefs about illness from the common sense model of self-regulation, beliefs about behaviors from the theory of planned behavior, and past behavior for the three self-management behaviors. RESULTS: Structural equation models indicated that beliefs about behaviors from the theory of planned behavior, namely, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, were consistent predictors of intention across samples and behaviors. By comparison, effects of beliefs about illness from the common sense model were smaller and trivial in size. Beliefs partially mediated past behavior effects on intention, although indirect effects of past behavior on intention were larger for physical activity relative to taking medication and healthy eating. Model constructs did not fully account for past behavior effects on intentions. Variability in the strength of the beliefs about behaviors was observed across samples and behaviors. CONCLUSION: Current findings outline the importance of beliefs about behaviors as predictors of FH self-management behaviors. Variability in the relative contribution of the beliefs across samples and behaviors highlights the imperative of identifying sample- and behavior-specific correlates of FH self-management behaviors.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/psicologia , Intenção , Participação do Paciente/psicologia , Autogestão/psicologia , Austrália , Brasil , China , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hong Kong , Humanos , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/complicações , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/terapia , Malásia , Masculino , Participação do Paciente/métodos , Participação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Autogestão/métodos , Autogestão/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Taiwan , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Objective Leprosy has rarely been the subject of health psychology research despite its substantial impact. Our aim was to explore illness perceptions in patients and their health care providers in Surinam. The Common Sense Model (CSM) was the guiding theoretical model. Design Patients with biomedically cured leprosy and their health care providers completed the B-IPQ and took part in semi-structured interviews. The literature on illness perceptions in patients with leprosy was reviewed. Main outcome measures Patients' B-IPQ scores were compared with samples of patients with other (chronic) illnesses, and with health care providers completing the questionnaire as if they were visibly disfigured patients. Quotations from the semi-structured interviews were used to contextualise the illness perceptions. Results Patients' B-IPQ scores reflected the chronic nature of leprosy and were comparable with those with other chronic illnesses. Health care providers perceived leprosy to have a greater negative impact than did the patients. Perceived understanding of causes differed considerably between patients and health care providers. Conclusion Leprosy continues to be experienced as an illness with major psychological and social consequences such as stigmatisation, even after biomedical cure. Interventions that target patients, health care providers, and society at large may help reduce perceived shame and stigma. The CSM is a helpful theoretical model in studying this population.
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Doença Crônica/psicologia , Hanseníase/psicologia , Efeitos Adversos de Longa Duração/psicologia , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/microbiologia , Percepção , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estigma Social , Suriname , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Prevention plays a central role in early detection of cervical cancer. Common Sense Model proposes that the nature and organization of illness representations can guide actions related to health and how self-care is exercised. The aim of this study was to describe and compare illness perception, knowledge and self-care in women with and without cancer precursor lesions. Participants were 92 women (aged 18-59) from primary care unity divided into two groups: women with and without premalignant lesion. Measures for illness perception, knowledge and self-care were used. There was no statistically significant difference (t test e chi-square test) between groups in the variables analyzed. Despite the risk for cervical cancer, women with precursor lesions do not adjust their illness perceptions, knowledge and self-care to the situation. These data show the need to warn women against the cervical cancer risks, because their distorted perceptions and lack of knowledge about the disease may hamper the screening and control of cervical cancer.
A prevenção tem papel central na detecção precoce do câncer do colo do útero. O Modelo do Senso Comum propõe que a natureza e a organização das representações da doença podem orientar ações relacionadas à saúde e ao modo como o autocuidado é exercido. Este estudo buscou caracterizar e comparar a percepção da doença, o conhecimento e o autocuidado em mulheres com e sem lesões precursoras de câncer do colo do útero. Participaram 92 usuárias de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (18-59 anos), dividas em dois grupos pareados por idade e escolaridade: com e sem lesões precursoras do colo do útero. Foram utilizados instrumentos de avaliação da percepção da doença, conhecimento sobre o câncer do colo do útero e autocuidado. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (teste t e qui-quadrado) entre os grupos quanto às variáveis investigadas. Apesar de estarem em risco para o câncer do colo do útero, as mulheres com lesões precursoras não ajustaram sua percepção da doença, conhecimento e autocuidado à situação. Esse dado alerta para a necessidade de sensibilizar as mulheres sobre o risco da doença, já que percepções errôneas e o desconhecimento sobre a doença podem dificultar o seu amplo rastreio e controle.