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BACKGROUND: Risk factors that can result in serious injuries or deaths are frequently not understood or prevented because of the traditional way in which organizations approach safety. This is especially true for falls from heights in the construction sector, which remain a leading safety hazard in construction globally. METHODS: A theoretical framework derived from a thorough review of international evidence provided the foundation for the conduct of 50 structured focus groups with a total of 209 participants representing construction workers and supervisors in two main Chilean construction contractor companies and their subcontractors. RESULTS: A total of 627 precursors (risk factors), 56 taxonomies (work tasks/activities), and 622 defenses (prevention actions) were identified. These were classified in three macro dimensions and 13 subdimensions in total, providing a comprehensive framework for the origin, manifestation, and neutralization of such precursors. DISCUSSION: The findings provide a useful framework for understanding of the most critical risks to which workers are exposed and actions to prevent them. This framework should form the basis for the development of practical safety programs and tools such as management and training checklists, and data analysis for early warning signs.

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BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector in developing countries have high rates of work absenteeism. The productivity of enterprises is heavily influenced by it. OBJECTIVE: To propose a model based on the Plan, Do, Check, and Act cycle and data mining for the prevention of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was administered on a total of 200 male technical workers in plumbing. It considers biological, biomechanical, chemical, and, physical risk factors. Three data mining algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Decision Trees, classifying the occurrences occupational accident. The model was validated considering 20% of the data collected, maintaining the same proportion between accidents and non-accidents. The model was applied to data collected from the last 17 years of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in a Colombian construction company. RESULTS: The results showed that, in 90.5% of the cases, the decision tree classifier (J48) correctly identified the possible cases of occupational accidents with the biological, chemical, and, biomechanical, risk factors training variables applied in the model. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are promising in that the model is efficient in predicting the occurrence of an occupational accident in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. For the accidents identified and the associated causes, a plan of measures to mitigate the risk of occupational accidents is proposed.

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This data article explores the factors that contribute to cost overrun on public sector projects within Trinidad and Tobago. The data was obtained through literature research, and structured questionnaires, designed using open-ended questions and the Likert scale. The responses were gathered from project actors and decision-makers within the public and private construction industry, mainly, project managers, contractors, engineers, architects, and consultants. The dataset was analysed using frequency, simple percentage, mean, risk impact, and fuzzy logic via the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method (FSE). The significance of the analysed data is to determine the critical root causes of cost overrun which affect public sector infrastructure development projects (PSIDPs), from being completed on time and within budget. The dataset is most useful to project and construction management professionals and academia, to provide additional insight into the understanding of the leading factors associated with cost overrun and the critical group in which they occur (political factors). Such understanding can encourage greater decisions under uncertainty and complexity, thus accounting for and reducing cost overrun on public sector projects.

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BACKGROUND: The construction industry is an important productive sector worldwide. However, the industry is also responsible for high numbers of work-related accidents, which highlights the necessity for improving safety management on construction sites. In parallel, technological applications such as machine learning (ML) are used in many productive sectors, including construction, and have proved significant in process optimizations and decision-making. Thus, advanced studies are required to comprehend the best way of using this technology to enhance construction site safety. OBJECTIVE: This research developed a systematic literature review using ten scientific databases to retrieve relevant publications and fill the knowledge gaps regarding ML applications in construction accident prevention. METHODS: This study examined 73 scientific articles through bibliometric research and descriptive analysis. RESULTS: The results showed the publications timeline and the most recurrent journals, authors, institutions, and countries-regions. In addition, the review discovered information about the developed models, such as the research goals, the ML methods used, and the data features. The research findings revealed that USA and China are the leading countries regarding publications. Also, Support Vector Machine - SVM was the most used ML method. Furthermore, most models used textual data as a source, generally related to inspection reports and accident narratives. The data approach was usually related to facts before an accident (proactive data). CONCLUSION: The review highlighted improvement proposals for future works and provided insights into the application of ML in construction safety management.

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The effective implantation of the circular economy (CE) presents a great challenge to the industrial sectors, mostly in those of greater environmental impact, such as construction industry. In Brazil, this industry has been growing over the last 20 years; however, such growth was based on an extractivist economy without any consideration to the end of its products lifespan. Only in 2017, 45 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste were generated in the country. This paper presents the current context of public policies in the Brazilian construction industry and proposes initiatives to introduce principles of CE. An exploratory study was developed, and all the 45 references presented in Appendix A of the review paper of Benachio et al. were considered to draw new ideas. These ideas are related and compared to key points in Brazilian regulations. Twelve opportunities for the improvement are listed and organized by construction stages (planning and design, materials manufacturing, construction processes, use and demolition). The ones related to design and planning using Green building information modelling, and materials manufacturing with recycled waste are highlighted due to the existing actions, standards, and Federal legislation. It was found that some sectors and the government already have actions related to CE (based on the 3R principle), but still there are several initiatives needed for its effective implementation in the Brazilian construction industry.

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El análisis de datos cuantitativos de siniestralidad laboral es importante para orientar la gestión preventiva en la República del Ecuador. Se presenta un estudio ecológico exploratorio de la incidencia de lesiones por accidente de trabajo no mortales y con incapacidad temporal, en ocupaciones manuales de las industrias manufacturera y de construcción en 23 provincias del país, para el período comprendido entre 2014 y 2019. Como fuente se utilizaron los registros oficiales de trabajadoras y trabajadores afiliados al régimen general de seguridad social. Se apli- có el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21.0 y Tableau versión 3.0; se agruparon las provincias del Ecuador en cuartiles según el valor de la tasa de incidencia de las lesiones por cada 1.000 personas afiliadas, considerando año y actividad económica. Las tasas de incidencia mues- tran patrones similares para los dos sectores económicos y un decrecimiento progresivo en el período analizado, con valores semejantes en 2019. Los valores más altos se presentan en las provincias de Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha y Tungurahua. Se concluye que existen importantes di- ferencias geográficas, lo que demanda estrategias de prevención y disminución de accidentes de trabajo con participación de los equipos interdisciplinarios relacionados, incluyendo terapeutas ocupacionales.

Analyzing quantitative data on occupational accidents is essential to guide preventive management in the Republic of Ecuador. An exploratory ecological study of the incidence of non-fatal and temporary incapacity occupational injuries in manual occupations in the manufacturing and construction industries in 23 provinces is presented for the period 2014-2019. Official registers of workers registered in the general social security system were used as a source. The statistical software SPSS version 21.0 and Tableau version 3.0 were applied; Ecuador provinces were grouped into quartiles according to the value of the incidence rate of injuries per 1,000 registered persons, considering the year and economic activity. Incidence rates show similar patterns for the two economic sectors and a progres- sive decrease over the period analyzed, with similar values in 2019. The highest values are found in Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha and Tungurahua provinces. It is concluded that there are significant geographical differences, which calls for strategies to prevent and reduce occupational accidents with the participation of related interdisciplinary teams, including occupational therapists.

A análise de dados quantitativos sobre acidentes de trabalho é importante para orientar a gestão preventiva na República do Equador. Um estudo ecológico exploratório da in- cidência de acidentes de trabalho não fatais e de invalidez temporária é apresentado em ocupações manuais nas indústrias de manufatureira e de construção em 23 províncias do país, para o período entre 2014 e 2019. Como fonte, foram utilizados os registros oficiais dos trabalhadores filiados ao regime geral de previdência social. Os programas estatísticos SPSS (versão 21.0) e Tableau (versão 3.0) foram aplicados; as províncias do Equador foram agrupadas em quartis, de acordo com o valor da taxa de incidência de lesões por 1.000 afiliados, considerando ano e atividade econômica. As taxas de incidência apresentam padrões semelhantes para os dois setores econômicos e uma diminuição progressiva no pe- ríodo analisado, com valores semelhantes em 2019. Os maiores valores encontram-se nas províncias de Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha e Tungurahua. Conclui-se que existem diferenças geográficas importantes, que demandam estratégias de prevenção e de redução dos aciden- tes de trabalho com a participação de equipes interdisciplinares relacionadas, incluindo terapeutas ocupacionais.

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Introducción: La industria de construcción es el principal sector de riesgo en accidentes laborales, en comparación con otros sectores. Las actividades más peligrosas están relacionadas con la manipulación de maquinaria pesada, de ahí el interés por la aplicación de programas de seguridad y salud para generar cultura saludable, segura y digna en los entornos laborales. Objetivo: Mencionar los factores de riesgo, causas de accidentalidad, el sistema de seguridad y salud en dicha industria y las estrategias de prevención con este tipo de incidentes respecto a la utilización de maquinaria pesada en la construcción. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica a partir de la consulta en bases de datos y artículos de revistas publicados entre 2015 y 2020, y documentación con fechas anteriores como referente teórico, además de documentación en idioma inglés de Academic One File, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Google Académico y bases de datos de Colmena Seguros, Gobierno Digital, donde describen los factores de accidentalidad en la construcción. Resultados: El 75% de los casos de accidentes en la construcción es por el uso de máquinas, al que se suman actos inseguros, falta de preparación y elementos de protección, distracciones, etc. Para evitar incidentes se ha estipulado el uso de normas de seguridad OSHA, capacitaciones y uso seguro de maquinaria pesada. Conclusión: Se identificaron las causas relevantes de accidentes en obras de construcción y la carencia de un plan de prevención por parte del contratista para obtener seguridad, aunque en ocasiones se identifica que los obreros hacen caso omiso a las normativas impuestas.

Introduction: The construction industry is the main risk sector in occupational accident compared to other sectors. The most dangerous activities are related to the handling of heavy machinery, thus reflecting the interest in the application of health and safety programs to generate a healthy, safe, and dignified culture in work environments. Objective: To mention risk factors, causes of accidents, the health and safety system in said industry and prevention strategies with this type of incident regarding the use of heavy machinery in cons- truction. Methodology: Bibliographic review consulting databases and journal articles published between 2015 and 2020, and documentation with earlier dates as a theoretical reference, as well as documentation in English from Academic One File, SciELO, Sciencedirect, Google Academic, among others; databases of Colmena Seguros, Gobierno Digital, where they describe accident factors in construction. Results: 75% of accidents in construction are caused by the use of machinery, in addition to unsafe acts, lack of preparation and protection elements, distractions, etc. To avoid incidents, the use of OSHA safety standards, training, and safe use of heavy machinery are stipulated. Conclusion: The relevant causes of accidents in construction works were identified, the lack of a prevention plan by the contractor to obtain safety, although sometimes it is identified that the workers ignore the imposed regulations.

Introdução: A indústria da construção é o principal sector de risco de acidentes de trabalho, em comparação com outros sectores. As atividades mais perigosas estão relacionadas com o manejo de maquinaria pesada, daí o interesse na implementação de programas de saúde e segurança para gerar uma cultura saudável, segura e digna no local de trabalho. Objetivo: Mencionar os fatores de risco, causas de acidentes, o sistema de saúde e segurança nesta indústria e as estratégias de prevenção deste tipo de incidentes no que diz respeito à utilização de maquinaria pesada na construção. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica baseada na consulta de bases de dados e artigos de revistas publicadas entre 2015 e 2020, e documentação com datas anteriores como referente teórico, além de documentação em inglês do Academic One File, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar e bases de dados da Colmena Seguros, Governo Digital, onde são descritos fatores de acidentes na construção. Resultados: 75 % dos acidentes na construção são causados pela utilização de máquinas, além de atos inseguros, falta de equipamento de preparação e proteção, distrações, etc. A fim de evitar inci- dentes, foi estipulada a utilização das normas de segurança da OSHA, formação e utilização segura de maquinaria pesada. Conclusão: Foram identificadas as causas relevantes de acidentes em estaleiros de construção e a falta de um plano de prevenção por parte do empreiteiro para garantir a segurança, embora se observe por vezes que os trabalhadores ignoram os regulamentos impostos.

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Introducción: En el sector de la construcción es inevitable el uso de materiales que contienen sustancias químicas y la posibilidad de sufrir una enfermedad laboral si se desconocen los efectos adversos que estas sustancias causan en la salud, así como no asumir medidas de protección para prevenirlas. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos adversos por el uso de sustancias químicas en la salud de los trabajadores en la industria de la construcción. Metodología: Revisión descriptiva de información obtenida en bases de datos como Ovid, Proquest, SciELO, Scien-ceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar Metrics, Scopus, Redalyc, Legal Legis y Pubmed. La información se eligió siguiendo criterios de elección. Desarrollo y discusión: Existen evidencias de que las diferentes sustancias químicas (asbesto, tolueno, silicio, polvo de cemento, soldadura, entre otros) presentes en los materiales utilizados en obras de construcción civil causan perjuicios en la salud del recurso humano (neuronales, pulmonares, respiratorios, inmunológicos, derma-toideos o reumatoideos), y por ello se consideran enfermedades ocupacionales. Conclusión: Se puede establecer claramente que los usos de sustancias químicas en materiales de construcción de obras civiles causan efectos adversos en los trabajadores. Este hallazgo amerita serias consideraciones en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo

Introduction: It is inevitable the use of materials containing chemical substances in the construction sector and the possibility of suffering an occupational disease if the adverse effects that these subs-tances cause on health are unknown, as well as not taking protective measures for the prevention of them. Objective: To determine adverse effects from the use of chemicals on workers' health in the construc-tion industry. Methodology: A descriptive review of information obtained in databases such as Ovid, Proquest, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar Metrics, Scopus, Redalyc.org, Legal Legis and Pubmed was conducted. Eligibility for information was made according to choice criteria. Development and Discussion:There is evidence of the different chemical substances (asbestos, toluene, silicon, cement dust, welding, among others) present in materials used in civil construction works and the damages they cause to the health of human resources (neuronal, pulmonary, respira-tory, immunological, dermatoid, rheumatoid) considered occupational diseases. Conclusion: It can be clearly established that the uses of chemicals in civil works construction mate-rials cause adverse effects on workers. This finding warrants serious considerations regarding Occu-pational Safety and Health.

Introdução: No setor da construção civil, o uso de materiais contendo substâncias químicas e a pos-sibilidade de doenças ocupacionais é inevitável se os efeitos adversos à saúde dessas substâncias não forem conhecidos e não forem tomadas medidas de proteção para evitá-los. Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos adversos do uso de produtos químicos sobre a saúde dos trabalhado-res da indústria da construção civil. Metodologia: Revisão descritiva das informações obtidas de bancos de dados como Ovid, Proquest, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar Metrics, Scopus, Redalyc, Legal Legisl e Pubmed. As informações foram escolhidas de acordo com os critérios de seleção. Desenvolvimento e discussão: Há evidências de que as diferentes substâncias químicas (asbesto, tolueno, silício, pó de cimento, soldadura, entre outras) presentes nos materiais utilizados na cons-trução civil, causam danos à saúde dos recursos humanos (neuronais, pulmonares, respiratórios, imu-nológicos, dermatoides ou reumatoides), e são, portanto, consideradas doenças ocupacionais. Conclusão: Pode ser claramente estabelecido que o uso de produtos químicos em materiais de cons-trução civil causa efeitos adversos nos trabalhadores. Esta constatação justifica sérias considerações de saúde e segurança ocupacional.

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Risk perception is used to quantify risks in the industry and is influenced by different socio-demographic variables. This work aims to determine significant differences in the risk perception between Mexican American migrants and first-generation Mexican American construction workers. This study used a sample of 112 construction workers. A guided questionnaire was applied to collect socio-demographic information. For workplace risk behaviors, we used a 21-item questionnaire adapted from the previous instrument. Each question asked the participant's perception of the frequency with which they carried out risky activities during routine work activities and the severity of the possible injuries, using a five-level Likert scale. Then, an inferential analysis was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The main results highlight that time of residence in the United States had a significant influence (p = 0.012) on risk perception in the surveyed construction workers. On the other hand, the age and time they have been working for the organization did not significantly influence risk perception. Finally, risk perception can vary in construction workers according to different variables. It is essential to investigate the factors that influence it, to prevent risky behaviors that can lead to accidents.

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Visou-se analisar o perfil dos acidentes de trabalho notificados ocorridos na Indústria da Construção Civil no Oeste de Santa Catarina entre 2008 e 2015. As 3.345 notificações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) Regional de Chapecó/SC foram analisadas mediante estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado de associação (α=0,05). 2.572 acidentes foram leves (76,9%), 60 (1,7%) foram mutilantes, 695 (20,7%) foram graves e 18 (0,5%) foram fatais. O tipo de acidente foi associado ao sexo, à faixa etária e à ocupação do trabalhador (p<0,05). Acidentes graves acometeram mais gesseiros e pintores, do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 15 a 17 anos. Por outro lado, proporcionalmente, serventes, mulheres e trabalhadores entre 58 e 67 anos sofreram mais acidentes fatais. Os achados permitem melhor compreender a associação entre o tipo de acidente e as variáveis sociodemográficas do trabalhador e do seu contexto de trabalho, o que é relevante na elaboração de políticas públicas.

We aimed to analyse the profile of work accidents notified to have occurred in the civil construction industry of Western Santa Catarina between 2008 and 2015. The 3,345 notifications from the Notification of Injury Information System and the Worker´s Health Reference Center (CEREST) from the region of Chapecó/SC were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test of association (α=0.05). Of the 3,345 accidents, 2,572 were not serious (76.9%), 60 (1.7%) were mutilating, 695 (20.7%) were serious, and 18 (0.5%) were fatal. The type of accident was associated to sex, age range, and occupation (p>0.05). Serious accidents involved more plasterers and painters, male, aged 15-17 years old. On the other hand, proportionally, female labourers, aged 58-67 years old were more susceptible to fatal accidents. The findings allow a better understanding of the association between the type of accident and the socio-demographic variables of the worker and their working environment, which is relevant for the development of public policies.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el perfil de los accidentes de trabajo notificados ocurridos en la industria de la construcción civil en el oeste de Santa Catarina entre 2008 y 2015. Las 3 345 notificaciones del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación y del Centro de Referencia en Salud del Trabajador (CEREST) Regional de Chapecó/SC fueron analizadas a través de estadística descriptiva y prueba chi-cuadrado de asociación (α = 0,05). 2 572 accidentes fueron leves (76,9%), 60 (1,7%) fueron mutiladores, 695 (20,7%) fueron graves y 18 (0,5%) fueron fatales. El tipo de accidente se asociaba al sexo, al grupo de edad ya la ocupación del trabajador (p>0,05). Los accidentes graves acometieron más yeseros y pintores, del sexo masculino, entre 15 y 17 años de edad. Por otro lado, proporcionalmente, peones de mano, mujeres y trabajadores entre 58 y 67 años sufrieron más accidentes fatales. Los hallazgos permiten una mejor comprensión de la relación entre el tipo de accidente y las variables sociodemográficas del trabajador y su contexto laboral, relevante para la creación de políticas públicas.