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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This was a cohort study involving critically ill patients. Diagnoses of malnutrition by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and GLIM criteria within 24 h after ICU admission were prospectively performed. Patients were followed up until hospital discharge to assess the hospital/ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation duration, ICU readmission, and hospital/ICU mortality. Three months after discharge, the patients were contacted to record outcomes (readmission and death). Agreement and accuracy tests and regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: GLIM criteria could be applied to 377 (83.7%) of 450 patients (64 [54-71] years old, 52.2% men). Malnutrition prevalence was 47.8% (n = 180) by SGA and 65.5% (n = 247) by GLIM criteria, presenting an area under the curve equal to 0.835 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.790-0.880), sensitivity of 96.6%, and specificity of 70.3%. Malnutrition by GLIM criteria increased the odds of prolonged ICU LOS by 1.75 times (95% CI, 1.08-2.82) and ICU readmission by 2.66 times (95% CI, 1.15-6.14). Malnutrition by SGA also increased the odds of ICU readmission and the risk of ICU and hospital death more than twice. CONCLUSION: The GLIM criteria were highly feasible and presented high sensitivity, moderate specificity, and substantial agreement with the SGA in critically ill patients. It was an independent predictor of prolonged ICU LOS and ICU readmission, but it was not associated with death such as malnutrition diagnosed by SGA.

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Resumen Introducción: Uno de los instrumentos más usados internacionalmente para medir la conciencia plena es el Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Debido a que esta escala no ha sido traducida ni adaptada a la lengua española, la investigación examinó la validez del constructo, su consistencia interna y validez de criterio, en una muestra mexicana. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 485 participantes (145 hombres y 340 mujeres). Resultados: Los resultados revelan una buena fiabilidad de la escala general, Asimismo, confirman que las cuatro dimensiones del inventario son factores sustantivos de la conciencia plena. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra que los datos se ajustan de manera adecuada al modelo de cuatro factores. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este inventario es un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la conciencia plena en población general mexicana.

Abstract Introduction: One of the most common instruments used in the world to measure mindfulness is the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Due to this scale has not been translated and adapted to Spanish, the purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity in a Mexican sample. Method: The sample included 485 participants (145 men and 350 women). Results: Results found in this research revealed a good reliability of the general scale It was confirmed that the four dimensions of this inventory are significant factors of indfulness. Regarding the confirmatory factor analysis, results showed that data fitted properly to the four factors model. Conclusions: Inconclusion, this inventory is a valid and reliable instrument to measure mindfulness in general Mexican population.

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The general purpose of this work is 2-fold, to validate scales and to present the methodological procedure to reduce these scales to validate a rating scale for the student evaluation of teaching in the context of a Polytechnic Higher Education Institution. We explored the relationship between the long and short versions of the scale; examine their invariance in relation to relevant variables such as gender. Data were obtained from a sample of 6,110 students enrolled in a polytechnic higher education institution, most of whom were male. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, intraclass correlation, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), confirmatory factorial analysis, correlations between the short and long form corrected for the shared error variance, gender measurement invariance, reliability using congeneric correlated factors, and correlations with academic achievement for the class as unit with an analysis following a multisection design. Results showed four highly correlated factors that do not exclude a general factor, with an excellent fit to data; configural, metric, and scalar gender measurement invariance; high reliability for both the long and short scale and subscales; high short and long-form scale correlations; and moderate but significant correlations between the long and short versions of the scales with academic performance, with individual and aggregate data collected from classes or sections. To conclude, this work shows the possibility of developing student evaluation of teaching scales with a short form scale, which maintains the same high reliability and validity indexes as the longer scale.

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Uchi-komi Fitness Test (UFT) is a specific judo test that evaluates physiological fitness of judo athletes in similar conditions to judo matches. Neuromuscular parameters obtained by generic and judo-specific tests would aid to get more information about its criterion validity. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between UFT and shoulder external (PTEX) and internal (PTINT) rotation torque, handgrip strength (HGS) and vertical jumps (VJs) performance. The relationship between UFT and Judogi grip strength test (JGST) was also investigated. Eighteen male judo athletes participated in this study. Athletes performed neuromuscular tests (VJ, PTEX, PTINT and HGS) and judo-specific tests (JGST and UFT). Pearson's correlation was used with the level set at p < 0.05. Significant correlation was found between UFT and all VJ variables (r = 0.50-0.72, p < 0.004), UFT a + b (two first series of UFT) and PTEX (r = 0.49, p = 0.033), UFT and PTINT (r = 0.47, p = 0.044). Also, UFT was correlated to JGST (r = 0.50-0.72, p < 0.044, respectively). We conclude that muscle power of lower limbs, PTEX and PTINT was related to UFT. Strength-endurance in the upper limbs (JGST) was also related to the UFT performance.

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A set of inhibitory control tasks for the smartphone (Go/No-Go App) was developed for typical children and children with development coordination disorder (DCD). The content, construct, and criterion validity was examined. The inhibitory control Go/No-Go App test is comprised of four tasks: auditory and visual stimuli with motor and verbal responses. Six experts in neuropsychology and 252 Brazilian children (139 boys; 113 girls) participated in the study, including a subgroup of children with DCD (n = 53). A high level of agreement for clarity and pertinence was observed among the experts (Gwet's Agreement Coefficients > .09), highlighting its content validity. Suitable Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega results were observed. The confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) accepted the results for the Auditory-Motor (γ = .83), Visual-Motor (γ = .73), Auditory-Verbal (γ = .67) and Visual-Verbal (γ = .73) tasks. The model presented adequate adjustment indexes (Chi-square = .48, p = .787), 2/DF = .24; RMSEA = .00; GFI = .99; CFI = 1.00; AIC = 326.90. The Go/No-Go app is a test with adequate validity for the assessment of inhibition in children with DCD and may be very helpful due to the variation of the stimuli and the responses.

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BACKGROUND: The importance of evaluating the functional capacity of patients with COPD is well known, and there is a wide range of tests described in the literature. The 6-min stationary walk test associated with virtual reality (STVR-6) was created in light of the current limitations of evaluation tests. It does not require a large physical space or sophisticated equipment, and it is not costly; furthermore, it can be performed by a single rater. The objective of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-rater reproducibility and to verify the criterion validity of the STVR-6. METHODS: 50 subjects with COPD were evaluated over the course of 3 d. The execution order of the tests was randomized; the STVR-6 was performed over 2 d, and the 6-min walk test was performed in 1 d. The 6-min walk distance variables and number of steps in the STVR-6 were obtained with a gas analysis performed for both tests. RESULTS: Relative reproducibility was found for intraclass correlation coefficient values (0.57-0.94, P < .001) between the number of steps and the highest value of oxygen consumption during the test (V̇O2 peak), intra- and inter-rater. In terms of absolute reproducibility, the standard error of measurement and minimum detectable difference values were verified. In the Bland-Altman analysis, the intra- and inter-rater mean difference values were 21 and 17 steps and 0.002 and 0.242 mL/min/kg, respectively. Pearson correlation values were 0.57-0.75 (P < .001) between the number of steps and V̇O2 peak. CONCLUSIONS: STVR-6 had excellent intra-rater reproducibility and excellent to good inter-rater reproducibility, but the high values of error measures demonstrated that there is a learning effect and a need to perform at least 2 tests. In addition, there was high to moderate correlation between the STVR-6 and the 6-min walk test. Therefore, the STVR-6 proved to be reproducible and valid for evaluating the functional capacity of subjects with COPD.

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Aims: To compare the performance of children with mild and moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy (CP) on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and on center-of-pressure variables; to establish the discriminant ability of these tools to predict severity of motor impairment in CP; and to investigate the criterion validity of the TIS. Methods: Children with mild (n = 18, 11 males, 7 females, mean age = 9.5 ± 2.9 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System I-II) and moderate-to-severe (n = 18, 11 males, 7 females, mean age = 9.2 ± 229, Gross Motor Function Classification System III-IV) CP were tested using the TIS and the GMFM, and during static sitting on force-plate. Results: Children with mild CP showed better trunk (median; 95% confidence interval = 22.5; 21.29-22.59 vs. 13; 11.97-14.8; p < 0.001) and gross motor (60; 57.73-59.3 vs. 40; 38.96-46.25; p < 0.001) scores, and better postural control (lower center of pressure (CoP) displacement [anterior-posterior: (0.42; 0.32-1.11 vs. 0.89; 0.70-1.65; p = 0.022); medial-lateral: (0.42; 0.31-1.08 vs. 0.91; 0.65-1.17; p = 0.044)], and lower area of sway, (0.05; -0.15-0.97 vs. 0.44; 0.23-0.90; p = 0.008) than the moderate-to-severe group. Trunk control and gross motor function explained 81.5% of the variance in the severity of motor condition. Correlations between the TIS and the GMFM were excellent (ρ = 0.944, p < 0.001); correlations between the TIS and CoP variables were low (anterior-posterior displacement: ρ = -0.411, p < 0.05; medial-lateral displacement: ρ = -0.327, p < 0.05); area of sway: ρ = -0.430, p < 0.05; velocity of sway: ρ = -0.308, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The TIS is able to differentiate levels of trunk control across various levels of motor impairments in CP. It is a valid tool to assess trunk control, showing very high concurrent validity with the GMFM sitting dimension. Implications for Rehabilitation Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) can be used by rehabilitation professionals to differentiate levels of trunk control across levels of motor impairment. TIS showed concurrent validity with Gross Motor Function Measure and should be used to assess trunk control in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in clinical settings. The use of TIS allows a reliable assessment of postural control in children with CP in clinical settings.

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A pesquisa teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade com base em critério externo para testes que avaliam atenção e que são comumente empregados na avaliação psicológica no contexto do trânsito. Participaram 300 indivíduos do estado do Paraná que responderam aos instrumentos no momento da obtenção da Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH), em 2010. Após quatro anos, em 2014, foi obtido junto ao Departamento de Trânsito do Paraná (DETRAN-PR) o histórico de infrações desses motoristas. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas nas pontuações dos testes entre os grupos de motoristas com e sem registro de infração. Também não foram observadas correlações significativas entre o desempenho nos testes e o número de infrações e pontos na CNH. Discute-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas na área, que considerem outras variáveis relacionadas ao contexto do trânsito, como o envolvimento em acidentes com e sem vítimas fatais, relacionando o resultado das provas teórica e prática com o desempenho na avaliação, entre outros.(AU)

The aim of the research was to obtain validity evidence based on external criteria for tests that evaluate attention and which are commonly used in the assessment of motor vehicle drivers. Participants were 300 individuals from the State of Paraná who answered to the instruments at the time of obtaining their driver's licenses (CNH), in 2010. After four years, in 2014, the history of infractions of these drivers was obtained from the department of traffic of Paraná (DETRAN-PR). The results did not show significant differences in test scores comparing the group of drivers with infraction records and those without infraction records. There were also no significant correlation between the performance in the tests and the number of infractions and points in the CNH. Further studies are necessary in the field, considering other variables involved in the context of traffic, such as involvement in accidents with and without fatalities, relating the results of the theoretical and practical tests with the performance in the evaluation, among others.(AU)

La investigación tuvo como objetivo buscar evidencias de validez con base en criterio externo para pruebas que evalúan la atención y que son bastante utilizadas en la evaluación psicológica en el contexto del tránsito. Participaron 300 individuos del estado de Paraná que respondieron los instrumentos en el momento de la obtención de la cartera nacional de habilitación (CNH), el año 2010. Después de cuatro años, en 2014, se obtuvo el histórico de infracciones de esos conductores junto al Departamento de Tránsito de Paraná (DETRAN-PR). Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de las pruebas entre los grupos de conductores con y sin infracciones. Tampoco se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el desempeño en las pruebas y el número de infracciones y de puntos en la CNH. Se discute la necesidad de más investigaciones en el área que tomen en consideración otras variables relacionadas al contexto del tránsito, como saber si la persona se involucró en accidentes con o sin víctimas fatales, relacionando el resultado de las pruebas teórica y práctica con el desempeño en la evaluación, entre otros.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Cognitive distortions are related to gambling frequency and gambling severity. Having a culturally sensitive measure to assess cognitive distortions will facilitate the early detection of people who might be at risk of developing problematic gambling behaviors. The Gamblers' Beliefs Questionnaire was translated into Spanish (GBQ-S) but no previous study explored the structure of the GBQ-S in a non-US sample with different levels of gambling involvement. AIM: The present study examined the factor structure of the GBQ-S in a community sample of gamblers from Argentina. It also analyzed the association between cognitive distortions and type of gambling activity and frequency of gambling behaviors and the predictive utility of the GBQ-S on gambling severity. PARTICIPANTS: 508 youth and adults completed the GBQ-S. RESULTS: The CFA showed an overall acceptable fit to the data confirming the proposed two-factor model. Scores of the two GBQ sub-scales were positively and significantly correlated with scores on gambling severity. Cognitive distortions have a significant effect on gambling severity after controlling for frequency of engagement in gambling activities. Luck and perseverance, but not illusion of control, was positively related to gambling severity. DISCUSSION: scores measured by the GBQ-S exhibit adequate psychometric properties for the accurate assessment of cognitive distortions across adults and youth from the general community of Argentina.

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RESUMOAvaliar precocemente o desempenho de crianças em compreensão da linguagem oral é fundamental para diagnosticar possíveis dificuldades e intervir. Assim sendo, objetivou-se buscar evidências de validade de critério da Bateria Informatizada de Linguagem Oral (BILOv3), considerando-se idade, gênero e escolaridade. Participaram 474 crianças de 10 escolas gaúchas, do 1º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental, entre 6 e 11 anos. Administrou-se a BILOv3 coletivamente e cada criança utilizou um microcomputador. A aplicação durou, aproximadamente, 35 minutos. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao gênero nas provas Completar Histórias (CH) e Interpretar Histórias (IH), à idade para Completar Frases (CF) e CH e quanto à escolaridade, para CF, CH, IH. A BILOv3 apresenta-se sensível para captar diferenças entre o gênero, as séries escolares e idade dos estudantes e, portanto, com evidências de validade de critério. Isso sugere a possibilidade de sua utilização clínica e escolar, visando a identificação precoce de dificuldades linguísticas.

ABSTRACTTo diagnose possible difficulties and intervene it is essential to preemptively evaluate the performance of children in oral language comprehension. In context, the present study aimed to look for evidences of criterion validity in the “Bateria Informatizada de Linguagem Oral (BILOv3)”,considering age, sex and level of education. 474 children between 6 and 11 years old, from the 5th grade of middle school from 10 schools from Rio Grande do Sul, took part in the study. The BILOv3 was administrated collectively and each child used a computer. Application of the instrument took approximately 35 minutes. Statistically significant differences were found for sex in the “Completar Histórias (CH)” and “Interpretar Histórias (IH)” tests, for age in the “Completar Frases (CF)” and “Completar Histórias (CH)” tests and for level of education in the CF, CH and IH tests. The BILOv3 is sensitive to capture differences between sex, school grade and age of students and, therefore, shows evidence of criterion validity. This suggests the possibility of clinical use and use in schools, aiming at early identification of language difficulties.