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An 11-month-old female Saanen goat, weighing 12.7 kg, was taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais because of sternal recumbency. On clinical examination, the animal was much smaller than expected and had hair similar to that of puppies and areas of hyperpigmentation on the head and dorsocervical and dorsothoracic cranial regions. Radiographic examination revealed fractures in both femurs and severe generalized osteoporosis. Given the unfavourable prognosis, the animal was euthanized. Necropsy revealed generalized pallor, muscular atrophy of the pelvic limbs and little reserve of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both femurs had complete and closed diaphyseal fractures. The second lumbar vertebra was severely reduced in length as a result of a fracture, with dorsal displacement of the vertebral body towards the vertebral canal and compression of the spinal cord. Long bones and vertebrae had severe cortical thinning, enlargement of the medullary canal and reduced resistance. The thyroid gland was not in its normal anatomical location. A pale red nodule (1.0 × 0.4 cm) in the serosa of the middle third of the trachea, close to the thoracic entrance, was confirmed as ectopic thyroid tissue. Microscopically, the bones had evidence of growth arrest and severe osteoporosis. The ectopic thyroid nodule was hyperplastic with severe hypertrophy of follicular cells. The spinal cord was compressed by vertebral fractures and had focally extensive and severe myelomalacia. Based on the pathological features, the case was diagnosed as thyroid dysgenesis characterized by eutopic thyroid agenesis and ectopic thyroid tissue, associated with interruption of bone growth with dwarfism, osteoporosis and spontaneous secondary fractures with compression of the lumbar spinal cord.
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Nanismo , Doenças das Cabras , Cabras , Osteoporose , Animais , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/patologia , Nanismo/veterinária , Nanismo/complicações , Nanismo/patologia , Osteoporose/veterinária , Osteoporose/complicações , Fraturas Espontâneas/veterinária , Glândula TireoideRESUMO
Resumen El uso de psicofármacos es frecuente en adultos con discapacidad intelectual, a menudo por conductas desafiantes en ausencia de diagnóstico de trastorno mental. Investigaciones previas cuestionan la eficacia de estos tratamientos a falta de una enfermedad psiquiátrica, y destacan sus efectos secundarios. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso de psicofármacos en función del diagnóstico de enfermedad mental y conducta desafiante, así como la distribución de la población según el uso de psicofármacos en 569 adultos con discapacidad intelectual que presentan enfermedad mental o conductas desafiantes. Los datos acerca de la elevada prescripción de psicofármacos y, especialmente, de antipsicóticos alertan sobre la necesidad de una profunda revisión de la práctica clínica que permita reducir el uso de esta medicación en el tratamiento de la conducta y los trastornos mentales en esta población, para garantizar una atención de calidad y el respeto de los derechos de estas personas.
Abstract The use of psychotropic drugs in adults with an intellectual disability is frequent, often for defiant conduct due to the lack of a diagnosis of a mental disorder. Previous research has questioned the efficacy of such treatments in the absence of a psychiatric illness, and the stress has been on the side effects. The objective of this research is to analyze the use of psychotropic drugs based on the diagnosis of mental illness and behavioral disorders, as well as the distribution of the sample according to the use of psychotropic drugs in 569 adults with an intellectual disability who also suffer a mental illness and/or defiant conduct. Our data about the high prescription of psychotropic drugs and especially antipsychotics, warns of the need for a profound review of the clinical practice that would allow a reduction in the use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of mental disorders and behaviour in the said collective, so as to guarantee quality mental health care for these persons and respect for their rights.
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INTRODUCTION: Reading is a highly refined skill that encompasses two main components: decoding graphic symbols and understanding the written message. These aspects generally develop together, but reading comprehension is a much more complex process, sustained not only by the identification of written words and vocabulary but also by language systems, such as syntax and general knowledge. Although there is a well-established technique for performing the phoniatric assessment, there is no common use of tests that assess reading comprehension or the association of this information with other assessment data. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is, in the context of the phoniatric consultation, to evaluate the reading and retelling in children with relevant reading difficulties and to correlate the decoding and comprehension problems with the alterations observed in auditory and visual perceptual tests, pointing out the evidence that best contributed to the differential diagnosis of these subjects. METHODS: Starting from a population of 301 children enrolled in the 4th and 5th grades of elementary school, 13 children with evident reading and writing difficulties were evaluated regarding the reading and retelling tasks and separated into groups according to the problem of decoding, fluency, and comprehension. Reading performance was correlated with the performance in visual and auditory perceptual tests and based on the similarity analysis, the tests considered to be the most relevant in the diagnosis process of these children were identified. RESULT: The results suggest that the tasks: naming of figures, repetition of numbers in reverse order, figure copying, syllabic synthesis, phonemic synthesis, rhyme, and phonemic manipulation altogether contribute to diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention aspects. CONCLUSION: Some tasks are more relevant to the diagnostic process of children with complaints of learning difficulties in reading.
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Dislexia , Leitura , Criança , Humanos , Compreensão , Estudantes , VocabulárioRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Reading is a highly refined skill that encompasses two main components: decoding graphic symbols and understanding the written message. These aspects generally develop together, but reading comprehension is a much more complex process, sustained not only by the identification of written words and vocabulary but also by language systems, such as syntax and general knowledge. Although there is a well-established technique for performing the Phoniatric assessment, there is no common use of tests that assess reading comprehension or the association of this information with other assessment data. Objective: The objective of this study is, in the context of the Phoniatric consultation, to evaluate the reading and retelling in children with relevant reading difficulties and to correlate the decoding and comprehension problems with the alterations observed in auditory and visual perceptual tests, pointing out the evidence that best contributed to the differential diagnosis of these subjects. Methods: Starting from a population of 301 children enrolled in the 4th and 5th grades of elementary school, 13 children with evident reading and writing difficulties were evaluated regarding the reading and retelling tasks and separated into groups according to the problem of decoding, fluency, and comprehension. Reading performance was correlated with the performance in visual and auditory perceptual tests and based on the similarity analysis, the tests considered to be the most relevant in the diagnosis process of these children were identified. Result: The results suggest that the tasks: naming of figures, repetition of numbers in reverse order, figure copying, syllabic synthesis, phonemic synthesis, rhyme, and phonemic manipulation altogether contribute to diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention aspects. Conclusion: Some tasks are more relevant to the diagnostic process of children with complaints of learning difficulties in reading.
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Food selectivity (FS) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is common, and its impact on a nutritional level is known. However, the etiology of gastrointestinal disorders (GID) related to alterations in the intestinal microbiota in children with ASD remains unclear. This article provides a narrative review of the literature on FS from the last 15 years, and its relationship with GID in children with ASD. Sensory aversion in ASD leads to food elimination, based on consistencies, preferences, and other sensory issues. The restriction of food groups that modulate the gut microbiota, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as the fibers of some cereals, triggers an intestinal dysbiosis with increased abundance in Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella Escherichia/Shigella, and Clostridium XIVa, which, together with an aberrant immune response and a leaky gut, may trigger GID. It is observed that FS can be the product of previous GID. GID could provide information to generate a hypothesis of the bidirectional relationship between FS and GID. Emphasis is placed on the need for more studies with methodological rigor in selecting children with ASD, the need for homogeneous criteria in the evaluation of GID, and the adequate classification of FS in children with ASD.
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Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Gastroenteropatias , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Criança , Disbiose/complicações , Preferências Alimentares , Gastroenteropatias/complicações , HumanosRESUMO
The text discusses the growing incidence of autism in the world, presents an understanding of autism from the point of view of analytical psychology, and reflects on the treatment of autistic patients. Today, it is understood that autism is part of a continuum of characteristics on a spectrum with biological and congenital causes. It is a non-specific picture resulting from multiple causations of non-linear factors. Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviours, interests, or activities. Autism spectrum disorder must be considered as a clinical entity, with current clearly defined characteristics. It is an extremely complex condition, which requires multidisciplinary approaches aiming at the possibility of prognosis and effective therapeutic approaches. This paper explores how a disturbance may occur from the intra-uterine phase, in which matriarchal experiences do not constellate. The structuring function of the patriarchal organization can then become dominant, and people with autism need understanding and help to organize their world and learn to live in it. As they don't have the capacity to structure consciousness through the matriarchal archetype, they rely entirely on the structuring and organizing capacity of the Father archetype.
Ce texte traite du taux croissant d'autisme dans le monde. Il présente une compréhension de l'autisme du point de vue de la psychologie analytique, et réfléchit au traitement des patients autistes. Au jour d'aujourd'hui il est accepté que l'autisme fait partie d'un continuum de caractéristiques sur un spectre qui inclut des causes biologiques et congénitales. Il s'agit d'un tableau non-spécifique qui est le résultat de causalités multiples concernant des facteurs non-linéaires. L'autisme est un trouble neuro-développemental caractérisé par une triade de symptômes: des déficits durables dans la communication et les interactions sociales, et des schémas de comportements, d'intérêts et d'activités restreints et répétitifs. Le spectre autistique doit être considéré comme une entité clinique, avec des traits caractéristiques actuels raisonnablement définis. C'est une condition extrêmement complexe, qui requiert des approches multidisciplinaires ayant pour but la possibilité d'un pronostic et d'approches thérapeutiques efficaces. Il est possible qu'un problème se produise durant la phase intra-utérine, dans laquelle les expériences matriarcales ne se constelleraient pas. La fonction structurante de l'organisation patriarcale peut devenir dominante et les personnes autistes ont besoin de compréhension et d'aide pour organiser leur monde et apprendre à vivre dedans. N'ayant pas la capacité de structurer la conscience à travers l'archétype matriarcal, elles s'appuient complètement sur la capacité structurante et organisatrice de l'archétype du Père.
El texto describe la incidencia en aumento de autismo en el mundo, presenta una comprensión sobre el autismo desde la perspectiva de la psicología analítica, y reflexiona acerca del tratamiento de pacientes autistas. Actualmente, se comprende que el autismo es parte de un continuum de características en un espectro con causas biológicas y congénitas. Es un cuadro no específico resultado de múltiples causalidades de factores no-lineales. El autismo es un trastorno del neuro-desarrollo caracterizado por una tríada de síntomas: un déficit persistente en la comunicación e interacción social; patrones de conducta, intereses o actividades restrictivas y repetitivas. El trastorno de espectro autista debe ser considerado como una entidad clínica, con características razonablemente definidas y vigentes. Es una condición extremadamente compleja, que requiere de abordajes multidisciplinarios tendientes a la posibilidad de una prognosis y de abordajes terapéuticos efectivos. Posiblemente, una alteración ocurre en la fase intrauterina, en la cual la experiencia matriarcal no se constela. La función estructurante de la organización patriarcal puede volverse dominante y las personas con autismo necesitan comprensión y ayuda para organizar su mundo y aprender a vivir en éste. Al no tener la capacidad de estructurar la consciencia a través del arquetipo matriarcal, dependen enteramente de la capacidad estructurante y organizadora del arquetipo del Padre.
O texto discute a crescente incidência de autismo no mundo, apresenta uma compreensão do autismo do ponto de vista da psicologia analítica e reflete sobre o tratamento de pacientes autistas. Hoje, entende-se que o autismo faz parte de um continuum de características em um espectro com causas biológicas e congênitas. É um quadro inespecífico resultante de múltiplas causas de fatores não lineares. O autismo é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por uma tríade de sintomas: déficits persistentes na comunicação social, na interação social; e padrões restritos e repetitivos de comportamentos, interesses ou atividades. O transtorno do espectro do autismo deve ser considerado como uma entidade clínica, com características atuais razoavelmente definidas. É uma condição extremamente complexa, que requer abordagens multidisciplinares visando a possibilidade de prognóstico e abordagens terapêuticas eficazes. Possivelmente, ocorre um distúrbio a partir da fase intrauterina, na qual as experiências matriarcais não se constelam. A função estruturante da organização patriarcal pode se tornar dominante e as pessoas com autismo precisam de compreensão e ajuda para organizar seu mundo e aprender a viver nele. Como eles não têm a capacidade de estruturar a consciência através do arquétipo matriarcal, eles dependem inteiramente da capacidade de estruturação e organização do arquétipo do Pai.
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Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Teoria Junguiana , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Transtorno Autístico/terapia , Humanos , PsicoterapiaRESUMO
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is the active ingredient in widely used broad-spectrum herbicides. Even though the toxicity mechanism of this herbicide in vertebrates is poorly understood, evidence suggests that glyphosate is an endocrine disruptor capable of producing morphological anomalies as well as cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. We used the zebraï¬sh model to assess the effects of early life glyphosate exposure on the development of cartilage and bone tissues and organismal responses. We found functional alterations, including a reduction in the cardiac rate, significant changes in the spontaneous tail movement pattern, and defects in craniofacial development. These effects were concomitant with alterations in the level of the estrogen receptor alpha osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. We also found that embryos exposed to glyphosate presented spine deformities as adults. These developmental alterations are likely induced by changes in protein levels related to bone and cartilage formation.
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Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/induzido quimicamente , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Teratogênicos/toxicidade , Animais , Osso e Ossos/anormalidades , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/metabolismo , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/veterinária , Embrião não Mamífero/anormalidades , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Glicina/toxicidade , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Sialoglicoproteínas/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/anormalidades , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , GlifosatoRESUMO
Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in resource-limited settings (RLS), are diagnosed after the age of four. Our work confirmed and extended results of Pierce that eye tracking could discriminate between typically developing (TD) children and those with ASD. We demonstrated the initial 15 s was at least as discriminating as the entire video. We evaluated the GP-MCHAT-R, which combines the first 15 s of manually-coded gaze preference (GP) video with M-CHAT-R results on 73 TD children and 28 children with ASD, 36-99 months of age. The GP-MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82-0.95)), performed significantly better than the MCHAT-R (AUC = 0.78 (95%CI: 0.71-0.85)) and gaze preference (AUC = 0.76 (95%CI: 0.64-0.88)) alone. This tool may enable early screening for ASD in RLS.
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Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Lista de Checagem/métodos , Tecnologia de Rastreamento Ocular , Fixação Ocular/fisiologia , Recursos em Saúde , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia , Lista de Checagem/normas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Tecnologia de Rastreamento Ocular/normas , Feminino , Recursos em Saúde/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Peru/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Pupillary membrane persistence (PMP) is a congenital abnormality, which is not usually reported in felines.It is characterized by remnants of the fetal membrane that persist as filamentous tissue across the pupil. In general, thischange does not cause any clinical signs. However, the filaments may either attach to the cornea and cause small opacitiesin it or attach to the lens and cause cataracts. In most cases, there is no visual impairment, so treatment is not required.This report aims to describe a case of PMP in a domestic cat diagnosed at the Veterinary Hospital of the State Universityof Santa Cruz (HV-UESC).Case: A two-and-a-half-year-old mixed-breed castrated male cat was brought to the HV-UESC with dermatological complaints. Upon physical examination, the animal was alert with a body temperature, heart, and respiratory rate within thenormal parameters for the feline species. The lymph nodes were non-reactive, and the coloration of the oral mucosa wasnormal. There was no ophthalmic complaint from the owner, nor any loss of visual acuity. In addition, the animal hadmoderate pruritus, redness, and alopecia in the region of the ears, head, neck, chest, and back. Bristle samples were collected for an optical microscope analysis and an infestation with lice (Felicola subrostratus) was confirmed. An endectocidecontaining selamectin (15 mg; single application every 30 days) was prescribed. During physical examination, filamentoustissue crossing from iris to iris through pupil was observed in both eyes. The eyelid, corneal, and pupillary reflexes werewithin normal ranges. An ophthalmic evaluation did not identify conjunctival hyperemia or episcleral vessel congestion,and the eyelid, corneal, and pupillary reflexes were determined to be within the normal range. A slit-lamp biomicroscopydid not detect any anterior chamber alteration besides the filamentous tissue previously mentioned...
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Masculino , Animais , Gatos , Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Membranas , Oftalmopatias/veterinária , PupilaRESUMO
Background: Pupillary membrane persistence (PMP) is a congenital abnormality, which is not usually reported in felines.It is characterized by remnants of the fetal membrane that persist as filamentous tissue across the pupil. In general, thischange does not cause any clinical signs. However, the filaments may either attach to the cornea and cause small opacitiesin it or attach to the lens and cause cataracts. In most cases, there is no visual impairment, so treatment is not required.This report aims to describe a case of PMP in a domestic cat diagnosed at the Veterinary Hospital of the State Universityof Santa Cruz (HV-UESC).Case: A two-and-a-half-year-old mixed-breed castrated male cat was brought to the HV-UESC with dermatological complaints. Upon physical examination, the animal was alert with a body temperature, heart, and respiratory rate within thenormal parameters for the feline species. The lymph nodes were non-reactive, and the coloration of the oral mucosa wasnormal. There was no ophthalmic complaint from the owner, nor any loss of visual acuity. In addition, the animal hadmoderate pruritus, redness, and alopecia in the region of the ears, head, neck, chest, and back. Bristle samples were collected for an optical microscope analysis and an infestation with lice (Felicola subrostratus) was confirmed. An endectocidecontaining selamectin (15 mg; single application every 30 days) was prescribed. During physical examination, filamentoustissue crossing from iris to iris through pupil was observed in both eyes. The eyelid, corneal, and pupillary reflexes werewithin normal ranges. An ophthalmic evaluation did not identify conjunctival hyperemia or episcleral vessel congestion,and the eyelid, corneal, and pupillary reflexes were determined to be within the normal range. A slit-lamp biomicroscopydid not detect any anterior chamber alteration besides the filamentous tissue previously mentioned...(AU)