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Abstract To evaluate the accuracy of complete arch scanning with multiple implant titanium scan bodies using laboratory scanners. A master model of an edentulous maxillary arch with 6 implants was fabricated. Titanium scan bodies were inserted into the model. Three laboratory scanners were used: D2000 (3Shape), Vinyl High Resolution (Smart Optics), and inEos X5 (Dentsply Sirona). The master model was consecutively scanned ten times using dental laboratory scanners (LS) without detaching and repositioning the scan bodies. Linear and angular accuracy between adjacent implants was measured using inspection software (Control X, Geomagic). The accuracy of the complete arch scans was calculated. Implant regions were defined as; parallel (R1: #24-26 and #16-14), angled (R2: #22-24 and #14-12), angled to occlusal plane (R3: #12-22), and cross-arch (R4: #16-26). The effect of LS and implant region on accuracy was compared using two-Way ANOVA (α=0.05). Significant greater linear distortion was noted in R4 (61.2±17.9µm) compared to R1 (23.4±15.5µm) and R2 (26±17.7µm) (p<0.01). Greater linear distortions were noted in R4 with D2000 (0.07±0.016 degrees) and Vinyl High Resolution (0.067±0.02 degrees) than inEos X5 (0.032±0.021 degrees) (p>0.05). Greater mean linear precisions were noted in R1 (9±8µm) and R3 (9.3±8.3µm) than R4 (12.6±10.3µm) (p<0.05). The highest linear precision was noted in D2000 (7.2±7.6µm) (p<0.05). The angular precision of D2000 (0.02±0.015 degrees) was the highest (p<0.01). The angular precisión of R4 (0.036±0.018 degrees) was the lowest (p<0.01). This study revealed that the trueness was affected by the implant region and the precision was affected by both LS and implant region.

Resumen Evaluar la precisión del escaneado de la arcada completa con cuerpos de escaneado de titanio de múltiples implantes utilizando escáneres de laboratorio. Se fabricó un modelo maestro de una arcada maxilar edéntula con 6 implantes. Se insertaron cuerpos de escaneo de titanio en el modelo. Se utilizaron tres escáneres de laboratorio: D2000 (3Shape), Vinyl High Resolution (Smart Optics) e inEos X5 (Dentsply Sirona). El modelo maestro se escaneó consecutivamente diez veces usando escáneres de laboratorio dental (LS) sin separar y reposicionar los cuerpos de escaneo. La precisión lineal y angular entre implantes adyacentes se midió utilizando un software de inspección (Control X, Geomagic). Se calculó la precisión de los escaneos completos del arco. Las regiones del implante se definieron como; paralelo (R1: #24-26 y #16-14), angulado (R2: #22-24 y #14-12), angulado al plano oclusal (R3: #12-22) y cruzado (R4: #16-26). El efecto de LS y la región del implante en la precisión se comparó mediante ANOVA de dos vías (α=0,05). Se observó una distorsión lineal significativamente mayor en R4 (61,2±17,9µm) en comparación con R1 (23,4±15,5µm) y R2 (26 ±17,7µm) (p<0,01). Se observaron mayores distorsiones lineales en R4 con D2000 (0,07±0,016 grados) y vinilo de alta resolución (0,067±0,02 grados) que en inEos X5 (0,032±0,021 grados) (p>0,05). Se observaron precisiones lineales medias mayores en R1 (9±8µm) y R3 (9,3±8,3µm) que en R4 (12,6±10,3µm) (p<0,05). La mayor precisión lineal se observó en D2000 (7,2±7,6 µm) (p<0,05). La precisión angular de D2000 (0,02±0,015 grados) fue la más alta (p<0,01). La precisión angular de R4 (0,036±0,018 grados) fue la más baja (p<0,01). Este estudio reveló que la veracidad se vio afectada por la región del implante y la precisión se vio afectada tanto por LS como por la región del implante.

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BACKGROUND: Martinique shares with the other Caribbean countries specific public health issues, particularly in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer patients. Mutualization of human and material resources by promoting cooperation is the most appropriate response to the challenges of the health systems of the Caribbean territories. Through the French PRPH-3 program, we propose to set up a collaborative digital platform adapted to the specificities of the Caribbean to strengthen professional links and skills in oncofertility and oncosexology and reduce inequalities in access to reproductive and sexual health care for cancer patients. METHODS: Within the context of this program, we have developed of an open-source platform based on a Learning Content Management System (LCMS), with an operating system developed by UNFM for low speed internet. LO libraries have been created and interaction between trainers and learners were done in asynchronous mode. This training management platform is based on: a TCC learning system (Training, Coaching, Communities); a web-hosting with pedagogical engineering appropriate to low bandwidth; a reporting system and a responsibility for processing. RESULTS: We have carried out a flexible, multilingual and accessible digital learning strategy functionality called e-MCPPO according to low-speed internet ecosystem. In close connection with the e-learning strategy we conceived (i) a multidisciplinary team; (ii) an appropriate training program for expert health professionals and (iii) a responsive design. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This low-speed web-based infrastructure allows communities of experts to cooperate in creating, validating, publishing and managing academic learning content. The self-learning modules provide the digital layer for each learner to extend their skills. Learners, as well as trainers, would gradually take ownership of this platform and encourage its promotion. Innovation in this context is both technological (low-speed Internet broadcasting, free interactive software) and organizational (moderating educational resources). This collaborative digital platform is unique in its form and content. This challenge could contribute to the digital transformation of the Caribbean ecosystem for capacity building in this specifics topics.

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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are responsible for 90% of all business and 50% of employment globally, mostly female jobs. Therefore, measuring SMEs' performance under the digital transformation (DT) through methods that encompass sustainability represents an essential tool for reducing poverty and gender inequality (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals). We aimed to describe and analyze the state-of-art performance evaluations of digital transformation in SMEs, mainly focusing on performance measurement. Also, we aimed to determine whether the tools encompass the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, and economic). Through a systematic literature review (SLR), a search on Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus resulted in the acceptance of 74 peer-reviewed papers published until December 2021. Additionally, a bibliometrics investigation was executed. Although there was no time restriction, the oldest paper was published in 2016, indicating that DT is a new research topic with increasing interest. Italy, China, and Finland are the countries that have the most published on the theme. Based on the results, a conceptual framework is proposed. Also, two future research directions are presented and discussed, one for theoretical and another for practical research. Among the theoretical development, it is essential to work on a widely accepted SME definition. Among the practical research, nine directions are identified-e.g., applying big data, sectorial and regional prioritization, cross-temporal investigations etc. Researchers can follow the presented avenues and roads to guide their researchers toward the most relevant topics with the most urgent necessity of investigation.

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This study employs a structured literature analysis considering Industry 4.0 technologies and their adoption stages (intention, adoption, implementation, routinization, continuance, and diffusion). We identify the technology adoption stage for each technology type, which in turn supports a maturity level categorization, as well as future research suggestions and challenging open research questions. By considering an integrated view of all the adoption stages of Industry 4.0 key technologies, we reveal the key technologies and their development stages, as well as a novel maturity level categorization perspective. The proposed categorization brings valuable research insights in the form of guidelines for practitioners and decision-makers interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the maturity level of key Industry 4.0 technologies.

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Smart manufacturing comprises fully integrated manufacturing systems that respond in real time to meet the changing demands and conditions in industrial activities, supply networks and customer needs. A smart manufacturing environment will face new challenges, including those concerning metrological issues, i.e., analysis of large quantities of data; communication systems for digitalization; measurement standards for automated process control; digital transformation of metrological services; and simulations and virtual measurement processes for the automatic assessment of measured data. Based on the assumption that the interplay between smart manufacturing and digitalization of metrology is an emerging research field, this paper aims to present a systematic literature review (SLR) based on a bibliographic data collection of 160 scientific articles retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases over the 2016-2022 time frame. The findings presented in this review and recommendations for building a research agenda can help policy makers, researchers and practitioners by providing directions for the evolution of digital metrology and its role in the digitalization of the economy and society.

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QUESTION: Most adolescents live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and about 10% of them face mental problems. The mental health provision gap in low- and middle-income countries could be addressed by evidence-based practices, however costs are implementational barriers. Digitalization can improve the accessibility of these tools and constitutes a chance for LMIC to use them more easily at a low cost. We reviewed free and brief evidence-based mental health assessment tools available for digital use to assess psychopathology across different domains in youth. METHODS: For the current study, instruments from a recent review on paper-based instruments were re-used. Additionally, a systematic search was conducted to add instruments for the personality disorder domain. We searched and classified the copyright and license terms available from the internet in terms of free usage and deliverability in a digital format. In the case that this information was insufficient, we contacted the authors. RESULTS: In total, we evaluated 109 instruments. Of these instruments, 53 were free and digitally usable covering 11 mental health domains. However, retrieving information on copyright and license terms was very difficult. CONCLUSIONS: Free and digitally adaptable instruments are available, supporting the strategy of using instruments digitally to increase access. The instrument's authors support this initiative, however, the lack of copyright information and the difficulties in contacting the authors and licence holders are barriers to using this strategy in LMIC. A comprehensive, online instrument repository for clinical practice would be an appropriate next step to make the instruments more accessible and reduce implementation barriers.

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This paper examines the impact of switching from paper to electronic invoicing on firm tax compliance and performance using quasi-experimental variation in the roll-out of VAT e-invoicing in Peru. We find that e-invoicing increases reported firm sales, purchases and VAT liabilities by over 5 percent in the first year after adoption. The impact is concentrated among small firms and sectors with higher rates of noncompliance, suggesting that e-invoicing enhances compliance by lowering compliance costs and strengthening deterrence. However, we also find that existing stocks of VAT credits were used to offset the reform's positive effects on VAT collection, suggesting that digital tools such as e-invoicing would need to be complemented by other reforms to improve revenue mobilization.

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Propósito/Contexto. Mostrar la concatenación de la digitalización médica con fines terapéuticos perfeccionados por la medicina de precisión, la cual arrastra consigo a la medicina desiderativa del realce para incrementar y sobrepasar el funcionamiento y la morfología del cuerpo humano considerado normal. Las técnicas de realce culminan con la pretensión de crear entes transhumanos. Metodología/Enfoque. Selección de publicaciones bioéticas que reflexionan sobre las investigaciones y detallan posibles aplicaciones prácticas de la medicina de precisión, así como textos que promulgan proyectos de transhumanismo, extremos que engloban las múltiples aristas de la medicina desiderativa en la cual todo objetivo o fin sirve de medio para una próxima meta. Resultados/Hallazgos. Tanto la medicina de precisión como el transhumanismo han despertado expectativas públicas de terapias más eficaces y de posibilidades de realce funcional tanto cognitivo como moral, investigaciones que han logrado capturar importantes recursos financieros dispuestos por empresas que anticipan una mercantilización lucrativa de estos proyectos. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Dadas las incertidumbres, las expectativas desmesuradas y los intereses económicos que se juegan en las diversas formas de digitalización biomédica, la Bioética no ha podido generar un debate sólido en la materia, por lo que ha de centrarse en alertar sobre dos consecuencias inevitables: la desigualdad de acceso, los efectos negativos de la expansión biotecnológica sobre el equilibrio adaptativo entre lo humano, los seres vivos no humanos y el medioambiente común. Es urgente llamar la atención sobre los ingentes recursos de la biotecnociencia sofisticada, en desmedro del apoyo al estudio de problemas sociales y éticos por ella exacerbados.

Purpose/Background. To present the concatenation of medical digitalization that unravels from the goal of therapeutic improvement through precision medicine and moves on to enhancement medicine beyond the normal function and form of the human body in order to reach the final purpose of creating transhuman beings. Methodology/Approach. To select papers that discuss research and eventual practical applications of precision medicine and encourage the possible development of transhumanism through the progression of biomedical enhancement procedures. Results/Findings. Both precision medicine and transhumanism have nourished public expectations for more effective therapies, and the possibilities of functional enhancement in the areas of cognition and ethics. Research has poured huge resources in anticipation of products allowing for lucrative marketing. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. Given the incertitude, excessive expectations and vested interests that play a large part in biomedical digitalization, bioethics has been unable to generate a robust debate on these matters. Some inevitable consequences need to be addressed: Unequal access and the negative effects of biotechnological expansion, have a destabilizing impact on adaptation between humans, nonhuman living beings and global environment. It is urgent to call attention about the huge amounts of resources poured into sophisticated biomedical research to the detriment of the ensuing social and ethical problems.

Finalidade/Contexto. Mostrar a concatenação da digitalização médica com fins terapêuticos aperfeiçoados pela medicina de precisão, o que traz consigo a medicina desiderativa de aperfeiçoamento para aumentar e superar o funcionamento e morfologia do corpo humano considerado normal. As técnicas de aperfeiçoamento culminam com a reivindicação da criação de entidades transhumanas. Metodologia/Aproximação. Publicações bioéticas seleccionadas que reflectem sobre a investigação e detalham possíveis aplicações práticas da medicina de precisão, bem como textos promulgando projectos de transumanismo, extremos que abrangem as múltiplas vertentes da medicina desiderativa em que cada objectivo ou fim serve como um meio para um próximo objectivo. Resultados/Descobertas. Tanto a medicina de precisão como o transhumanismo suscitaram na opinião pública expectativas de terapias mais eficazes e possibilidades de melhoria funcional tanto cognitiva como moral, investigação que capturou recursos financeiros significativos de empresas que antecipam uma mercantilização lucrativa destes projectos. Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. Dadas as incertezas, expectativas pouco razoáveis e interesses económicos em jogo nas várias formas de digitalização biomédica, a bioética não tem sido capaz de gerar um debate robusto sobre o assunto e deve, portanto, concentrar-se em alertar para duas consequências inevitáveis: a desigualdade de acesso, e os efeitos negativos da expansão biotecnológica sobre o equilíbrio adaptativo entre seres vivos humanos, não humanos e o ambiente comum. É urgente chamar a atenção para os enormes recursos da sofisticada biotecnociência, em detrimento do apoio ao estudo dos problemas sociais e éticos por ela exacerbados.

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3D printing is a technology that describes a manufacturing process previously planned and designed in a computer to create an object 1,2. This technology was introduced in dentistry by Chuck Hull since 1986 and allowed the automation and thus improved dental workflow 2. Technologies used in 3D printing involves: Stereolithography (SLA), bioprinting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and PolyJet printing. We can choose one of them depending on the clinical use and material, need of accuracy among others. To 3D printing you need to use a scanner with an integrated software in order to capture the 3D images of the object being scanned. Those 3D images are stored in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file 3. But what "Tessellation" means? Tessellation is the covering process of a surface, using one or more geometric shapes, with no overlaps and no gaps. It meansthat the object scanned is copied in detail with high reliability and then can be printed.

La impresión 3D es una tecnología que describe un proceso de fabricación previamente planificado y diseñado en un computador para crear un objeto. Esta tecnología fue introducida en odontología por Chuck Hull desde 1986 y permitió la automatización y, por lo tanto, mejoró el flujo de trabajo del consultorio. Las tecnologías utilizadas en la impresión 3D incluyen: estereolitografía (SLA), bioimpresión, modelado por deposición fundida (FDM), sinterización selectiva por láser (SLS) e impresión PolyJet. Podemoselegir uno de ellos dependiendo del uso clínico y material, necesidad de precisión entre otros.Para la impresión 3D, debe usar un escáner con un software integrado para capturar las imágenes 3D del objeto que se escanea. Esas imágenes 3D se almacenan en el archivo de Lenguaje estándar de teselado (STL). Pero, ¿qué significa "Teselado"? El teselado es el proceso de recubrimiento de una superficie, utilizando una o más formas geométricas, sin superposiciones ni espacios. Significa que el objeto escaneado secopia en detalle con alta confiabilidad y luego se puede imprimir.

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The role of government size and digitization in the process of environmental quality is a matter of considerable debate in the field of environmental economics. BRICS economies have suffered from environmental pollution. This paper scrutinizes that how CO2 emissions respond to government size and digitization in BRICS economies. Empirical estimates of the ARDL approach show that government size has a positive impact on CO2 in Brazil, India, and China, while negative impact on CO2 in Russia in the long run. The long-run estimates reveal a negative and significant effect of digitization on CO2 in Brazil, India, and China. Education and e-learning activities have a favorable and crucial role played in environmental quality in Brazil, India, and China. Based on these findings, BRICS authorities should improve the efficiency of government expenditures and invest more in digitization to improve the quality of the environment.

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