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Background: Pyometra or pyometritis is a serious and common condition of intact female dogs characterized by the inflammation of the uterus with a buildup of purulent exudate. It may be classified as open or closed. If untreated, pyometracan lead to uterine rupture and sepsis. Pyometra may also predispose to uterine torsion, defined as a rotation of one orboth uterine horns around its longitudinal axis. Uterine torsion in female dogs is rare, and usually with late pregnancy orparturition. This case report describes the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of uterine torsion correlatedwith open pyometra in a non-gravid bitch with no history of exogenous progesterone exposure.Case: A 10-year-old intact Yorkshire Terrier bitch weighing 3.2 kg was referred to a veterinary clinic in Porto Alegre,Brazil, with a 7 day history of prostration, anorexia, polydipsia, and sanguinopurulent vulvar discharge. Physical examination revealed pronounced abdominal tenderness. On abdominal ultrasonography, the uterus was enlarged and filled withcellular anechoic content, suggestive of pyometra. A complete blood count showed mild microcytic normochromic anemiaand leukocytosis. The animal was stabilized and an urgent ovariohysterectomy was performed. Preanesthetic analgesiaconsisted of subcutaneous methadone 0.3 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 3 mg/kg i.v. and maintained withinhaled isoflurane. During the procedure, significant enlargement of the left uterine horn and slight enlargement of theright uterine horn were observed. In addition, a torsion was identified near the left ovary, with copious sanguinopurulentsecretion. The animal remained under observation and fluid therapy for 48 h after the procedure and was discharged topostoperative follow-up. After discharge, the following treatment was medicine, local cleaning and rest for 14 days. Concluding...(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Pyometra or pyometritis is a serious and common condition of intact female dogs characterized by the inflammation of the uterus with a buildup of purulent exudate. It may be classified as open or closed. If untreated, pyometracan lead to uterine rupture and sepsis. Pyometra may also predispose to uterine torsion, defined as a rotation of one orboth uterine horns around its longitudinal axis. Uterine torsion in female dogs is rare, and usually with late pregnancy orparturition. This case report describes the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of uterine torsion correlatedwith open pyometra in a non-gravid bitch with no history of exogenous progesterone exposure.Case: A 10-year-old intact Yorkshire Terrier bitch weighing 3.2 kg was referred to a veterinary clinic in Porto Alegre,Brazil, with a 7 day history of prostration, anorexia, polydipsia, and sanguinopurulent vulvar discharge. Physical examination revealed pronounced abdominal tenderness. On abdominal ultrasonography, the uterus was enlarged and filled withcellular anechoic content, suggestive of pyometra. A complete blood count showed mild microcytic normochromic anemiaand leukocytosis. The animal was stabilized and an urgent ovariohysterectomy was performed. Preanesthetic analgesiaconsisted of subcutaneous methadone 0.3 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 3 mg/kg i.v. and maintained withinhaled isoflurane. During the procedure, significant enlargement of the left uterine horn and slight enlargement of theright uterine horn were observed. In addition, a torsion was identified near the left ovary, with copious sanguinopurulentsecretion. The animal remained under observation and fluid therapy for 48 h after the procedure and was discharged topostoperative follow-up. After discharge, the following treatment was medicine, local cleaning and rest for 14 days. Concluding...

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RESUMO

Background: Uterine twisting in bitches is an uncommon disease in which the difficulty of diagnosis is due to non specific clinical signs. This condition is more commonly observed in pluriparous females and is usually associated with a pregnant uterus close to birth, or associated with hemometra, pyometra and neoplasms in non-pregnant bitches. This study reports a case of an 11-year-old Poodle bitch with a rare case of uterine twisting in a non-pregnant womb. Case: A 11-year-old Poodle dog, weighing 3.2 kg, was admitted at the institution with a history of anorexia, oligodipsia and apathy during one day. There was no information on the last phase of estrus or previous pregnancies. The patient arrived at the emergency room of the veterinary hospital with cardiorespiratory arrest and was resuscitated with mechanical ventilation, cardiac massage and administration of adrenaline (0.1 mg/kg IV, 1 mg/ml concentration), tramadol hydrochloride (2mg/kg via IV) and oxygen therapy. Clinical examination revealed a distended and tense abdomen with a palpable mass inthe mesogastric region. Ultrasound examination showed a heterogeneous structure (> 10cm. in diameter), with cavitary areas filled with heterogeneous anechoic content and septations, located between the liver and urinary bladder. It was notpossible to identify in which organ or structure the mass originated, and the possibility of gestation and fetal death was discarded. The female died six hours after admission. The patient was submitted to necropsy and histopathological analysis revealed a dark red and enlarged segment of the uterine horn with a 360º twist, occupying most of the abdominal cavity.The left uterine horn was about 10 cm in diameter and firm, and cystic areas were observed on a reddish-black surface containing a large amount of bloody fluid. The right uterine horn was normal in appearance, but with a small amount of fluid...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Uterine twisting in bitches is an uncommon disease in which the difficulty of diagnosis is due to non specific clinical signs. This condition is more commonly observed in pluriparous females and is usually associated with a pregnant uterus close to birth, or associated with hemometra, pyometra and neoplasms in non-pregnant bitches. This study reports a case of an 11-year-old Poodle bitch with a rare case of uterine twisting in a non-pregnant womb. Case: A 11-year-old Poodle dog, weighing 3.2 kg, was admitted at the institution with a history of anorexia, oligodipsia and apathy during one day. There was no information on the last phase of estrus or previous pregnancies. The patient arrived at the emergency room of the veterinary hospital with cardiorespiratory arrest and was resuscitated with mechanical ventilation, cardiac massage and administration of adrenaline (0.1 mg/kg IV, 1 mg/ml concentration), tramadol hydrochloride (2mg/kg via IV) and oxygen therapy. Clinical examination revealed a distended and tense abdomen with a palpable mass inthe mesogastric region. Ultrasound examination showed a heterogeneous structure (> 10cm. in diameter), with cavitary areas filled with heterogeneous anechoic content and septations, located between the liver and urinary bladder. It was notpossible to identify in which organ or structure the mass originated, and the possibility of gestation and fetal death was discarded. The female died six hours after admission. The patient was submitted to necropsy and histopathological analysis revealed a dark red and enlarged segment of the uterine horn with a 360º twist, occupying most of the abdominal cavity.The left uterine horn was about 10 cm in diameter and firm, and cystic areas were observed on a reddish-black surface containing a large amount of bloody fluid. The right uterine horn was normal in appearance, but with a small amount of fluid...(AU)

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Infertility in the bitch has manifold causes. Bacterial endometritis was found to be causative in most cases and since the incidence of B.canis infection in breeding bitches is increasing, serology for B.canis should always be performed. In subclinical or low grade cases of other bacterial infections, conservative treatment may be successful with the repeated application of the antiprogesterone aglepristone and synthetic prostaglandins. Another frequent cause is primary anoestrus or secondary anestrus. Both conditions can be caused by multiple diseases, organ dysfunctions and even medicaments. Treatment of the cause is mostly successful, however, induction of oestrus can be successful in single cases. The GnRH implant deslorelin proved to be useful when implanted in anestrus; resulting pregnancy rates excceded 70%; however, as a side effect, luteal failure may occur. Cystic degenerative and inflammatory conditions of the uterus may cause infertility, resorption or abortion. Diagnosis can be improved by cytological, bacteriological and histological examination of uterine specimens but the risk of endometritis and pyometra has to be considered. Treatment with the antiprogesterone aglepristone and broad spectrum antibiotics is recommended. Abnormalities of the vulva, vestibule and vagina as well as genetical disorders of sexual development are very seldom but should be excluded by a thorough gynaecological examination prior to first breeding. Hormonal imbalances like luteal deficiency and hypothyroidism can be primary or caused by other diseases and should be considered in case of repeated failure of pregnancy. During pregnancy, dietary substitution of folic acid is important to prevent neonatal cleft palate. However, feeding tyrosine during oestrus did not improve copulation behaviour.

Existem diversas causas de infertilidade em cadelas. Endometriose bacteriana tem provado ser a causa na maioria dos casos e como a incidência de infecção com B. canis em cadelas de reprodução está aumentando, a sorologia para B. canis sempre deve ser realizada. Em casos subclínicos ou de baixo grau de outras infecções bacterianas o tratamento conservador pode ter sucesso com a aplicação repetida de antiprogesterona aglepristone e prostaglandinas sintéticas. Outra causa frequente é o anestro primário ou secundário. Ambas as condições podem ser causadas por diversas doenças, disfunções em órgãos e até mesmo medicamentos. O tratamento da causa geralmente tem sucesso, porém, a indução de estro pode ser bem sucedida em casos individuais. O implante GnRH deslorelina provou ser útil quando implantado no anestro, resultando em taxas de gestação acima de 70%; porém, como efeito colateral, falha lútea pode ocorrer. Condições císticas degenerativas e inflamatórias do útero podem causar infertilidade, reabsorção ou aborto. O diagnostico pode ser melhorado por exame citológico, bacteriológico e histológico de amostras do útero, mas o risco de endometriose e piometria deve ser considerado. O tratamento com antiprogesterona aglepristone e antibióticos de grande espectro é recomendado. Anormalidades da vulva, vestíbulo e vagina, além de distúrbios genéticos de desenvolvimento sexual são raros, mas devem ser excluídos através de exame ginecológico antes da primeira reprodução. Desequilíbrios hormonais como deficiência lútea e hipotireoidismo podem ser primários ou causados por outras doenças e devem ser considerados no caso de falha repetida de gestação. Durante a gestação a substituição de ácido fólico na dieta é importante para prevenir fenda palatina neonatal. Porém, a alimentação com tirosina durante o estro não melhorou o comportamento reprodutor.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Infertility in the bitch has manifold causes. Bacterial endometritis was found to be causative in most cases and since the incidence of B.canis infection in breeding bitches is increasing, serology for B.canis should always be performed. In subclinical or low grade cases of other bacterial infections, conservative treatment may be successful with the repeated application of the antiprogesterone aglepristone and synthetic prostaglandins. Another frequent cause is primary anoestrus or secondary anestrus. Both conditions can be caused by multiple diseases, organ dysfunctions and even medicaments. Treatment of the cause is mostly successful, however, induction of oestrus can be successful in single cases. The GnRH implant deslorelin proved to be useful when implanted in anestrus; resulting pregnancy rates excceded 70%; however, as a side effect, luteal failure may occur. Cystic degenerative and inflammatory conditions of the uterus may cause infertility, resorption or abortion. Diagnosis can be improved by cytological, bacteriological and histological examination of uterine specimens but the risk of endometritis and pyometra has to be considered. Treatment with the antiprogesterone aglepristone and broad spectrum antibiotics is recommended. Abnormalities of the vulva, vestibule and vagina as well as genetical disorders of sexual development are very seldom but should be excluded by a thorough gynaecological examination prior to first breeding. Hormonal imbalances like luteal deficiency and hypothyroidism can be primary or caused by other diseases and should be considered in case of repeated failure of pregnancy. During pregnancy, dietary substitution of folic acid is important to prevent neonatal cleft palate. However, feeding tyrosine during oestrus did not improve copulation behaviour.(AU)

Existem diversas causas de infertilidade em cadelas. Endometriose bacteriana tem provado ser a causa na maioria dos casos e como a incidência de infecção com B. canis em cadelas de reprodução está aumentando, a sorologia para B. canis sempre deve ser realizada. Em casos subclínicos ou de baixo grau de outras infecções bacterianas o tratamento conservador pode ter sucesso com a aplicação repetida de antiprogesterona aglepristone e prostaglandinas sintéticas. Outra causa frequente é o anestro primário ou secundário. Ambas as condições podem ser causadas por diversas doenças, disfunções em órgãos e até mesmo medicamentos. O tratamento da causa geralmente tem sucesso, porém, a indução de estro pode ser bem sucedida em casos individuais. O implante GnRH deslorelina provou ser útil quando implantado no anestro, resultando em taxas de gestação acima de 70%; porém, como efeito colateral, falha lútea pode ocorrer. Condições císticas degenerativas e inflamatórias do útero podem causar infertilidade, reabsorção ou aborto. O diagnostico pode ser melhorado por exame citológico, bacteriológico e histológico de amostras do útero, mas o risco de endometriose e piometria deve ser considerado. O tratamento com antiprogesterona aglepristone e antibióticos de grande espectro é recomendado. Anormalidades da vulva, vestíbulo e vagina, além de distúrbios genéticos de desenvolvimento sexual são raros, mas devem ser excluídos através de exame ginecológico antes da primeira reprodução. Desequilíbrios hormonais como deficiência lútea e hipotireoidismo podem ser primários ou causados por outras doenças e devem ser considerados no caso de falha repetida de gestação. Durante a gestação a substituição de ácido fólico na dieta é importante para prevenir fenda palatina neonatal. Porém, a alimentação com tirosina durante o estro não melhorou o comportamento reprodutor.(AU)

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RESUMO

El hemangiosarcoma (HSA) es un tumor maligno del endotelio vascular. En gatos esta neoplasia es rara, pues solo un 2% de los diagnósticos de tumores malignos corresponde a HSA hepático. En este informe se presenta el caso de un paciente felino con dilatación abdominal, un mes de evolución, dolor abdominal y anorexia con duración de 3 días. En la necropsia se halló: hidrotórax, dilatación cardiaca derecha, hígado con moteado blanco o amarillo claro de 1 a 2 mm de diámetro y zonas necróticas multifocales de color rojo oscuro sobre la superficie. En útero se encontró dilatación del cuerno izquierdo con múltiples masas sólidas con contenido sanguinolento. Microscópicamente se diagnosticó un HSA hepático con metástasis en útero.

The Haemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor of the vascular endothelium. It is a rare neoplasic in cats, just a 2% are reported from all the malignant tumors presented this species and is highly metastasic. The hepatic HSA embraces from 0 to 6-12% of the primary hepatic neoplasics. In this report a case of a feline patient which was suffering from one month of evolution abdominal dilatation, and tree day abdominal pain and anorexia is presented. During necropsy hydrothorax, right cardiac dilatation, liver with white or light yellow mottled appearance on cut surfaces of 1-2 mm of diameter and necrotic multifocal zones with dark red color and in the uterus, dilatation of the left horn with multiples solid masses with bloody content were found. The case was microscopically diagnosed as a hepatic HSA with metastasis to the uterus.

O hemangiossarcoma (HSA) é um tumor maligno endotelial vascular. Em gatos esta neoplasia é rara, pois só 2% dos diagnósticos de tumores malignos correspondem a HSA do fígado. Este relatório apresenta o caso de um paciente felino com inchaço abdominal, um mês de evolução, dor abdominal e anorexia de três dias de evolução. A autópsia foi encontrada: hidrotórax, dilatação cardíaca direita, fígado manchado com branca ou amarela, de 1 a 2 mm de diâmetro e áreas necrótica multifocales vermelhas escuras na superfície. Em útero foi encontrada dilatação do corno esquerdo com múltiplas massas sólidas com conteúdo sangrento. Microscopicamente foi diagnosticado HSA hepático com metástases no útero.

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