RESUMO
Background: This study focused on evaluating the diversity and richness of the edaphic macrofauna in eight banana farms in the western zone of Nicaragua. Methods: The sampling design was random and descriptive, it was divided into two phases, the first was the collection of the sample, and the second was the classification, coding, and storage of the extracted macrofauna populations. The sampling method employed included the extraction of soil and litter samples. Soil samples were collected using a wooden frame (monolith), with each sample weighing approximately 1 kilogram and taken from a depth of 0.20 cm. Litter samples were collected from the soil surface. A total of 80 samples were collected, with 40 soil samples and 50 litter samples obtained across the 8 plantain farms. Results: The results showed that the relative abundance of biodiversity was higher in the 0-20 cm soil depth stratum than in the branch and leaf biomass strata. The values of the diversity indices of Simpson's Dominance, Shanon, Margalef, and Equity were in the normal range, with a tendency towards low diversity. Likewise, in the richness of species, the Dominance or most abundant genus were earthworms (Oligochaeta) and Hymenoptera ( Solenopsis, Leptothorax, Camponotus, Pheidole), indicating the directly proportional relationship, that is to say, that the greater the number of earthworms the production increases and the greater the number of Hymenoptera it decreases, confirmed with the Pearson correlation coefficient with a reliability of 95%. Conclusions: It was concluded that based on the estimates of the diversity indicators, two detritivore genus (earthworms and Hymenoptera) were the ones with the more dominance, being important in the production of the banana agrosystem due to the decomposition of organic matter and its nutritional contribution to the plant. We observed a direct correlation with earthworms and an indirect relationship with Hymenoptera.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To validate a tool-the ECO system-developed to guide non-specialized gynecologists in the treatment of patients with suspected endometriosis in outpatient clinics. METHODS: In a retrospective study, data were assessed from patients presenting to a center in Brazil or a center in Germany with suspected endometriosis and pelvic pain between July 2012 and June 2013. Data reviewed included patient complaints, clinical extent of disease, patient goals, recent use of medication, previous pelvic surgeries, visual analog pain scale, treatment provided, and histopathology after surgery. Data were transformed into a score according to the ECO system (0-6) indicating the suggested management, which was compared with the approach used in the study hospitals. RESULTS: Among 166 patients, 78 (47.0%) were medically treated and 88 (53.0%) underwent therapeutic laparoscopy. All 3 patients scoring 2 had undergone hormonal treatment. Among 51 patients scoring 3, 49 (96.1%) were clinically managed and 2 (3.9%) underwent surgery. Among 52 patients scoring 4, 26 (50.0%) had undergone medical treatment and 26 (50.0%) surgical treatment. All 56 patients who scored 5 and the four patients who scored 6 underwent surgery. CONCLUSION: The ECO system seems to effectively represent the management of patients with endometriosis in specialized services.
Assuntos
Endometriose/terapia , Ginecologia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Dor Pélvica/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Endometriose/cirurgia , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En este artículo se hace una revisión a los modelos de ocupación espacial convencionales y alternativos con el propósito de generar una discusión sobre nuevas formas para la reestructuración del territorio como es la Ordenación Reticular Policéntrica, la cual se presenta aquí como una opción para integrar el territorio regional Centro Occidente de manera equipotencial, generando sinergias y conectando sistémicamente las dinámicas sociales y ecológicas. Para alcanzar ese objetivo se llevó cabo una diagnosis, contextualización y contraste de las teorías sobre ordenación territorial y de instrumentos como el Escalograma Funcional de la Ecorregión Eje Cafetero, así como una revisión de las formas de ordenación e integración espacial que se han propuesto para la región Centro Occidente, y finalmente una reflexión acerca de las relaciones ecológicas y sociales que se articulan en la región.
A review of the models of conventional and alternative spatial occupation is presented in this article with the purpose of generating a discussion about new ways for the restructuring of the territory as it is the Reticular Polycentric Ordination, which is presented here as an option to integrate the Central Western Regional territory in an equipotential manner, generating synergies and connecting systemically social and ecological dynamics. To achieve this goal, diagnosis, contextualization and contrast of spatial planning theories and instruments like Eje Cafetero (Coffee Triangle) Ecoregion Functional Scalogram were carried out, and also a review of the forms of organization and spatial integration which have been proposed for the Central Western region and finally a reflection about ecological and social relationships which are articulated in the region.