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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between family structure and social vulnerability with TDIs in children and adolescents. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) to retrieve observational studies that evaluated the prevalence of TDIs. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. Meta-analyses were also conducted using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Out of 7,424 records, seventeen articles were included (n = 18,806 children and adolescents aged between 0 and 19 years). Only two studies had a low risk of bias. Children and adolescents from nonnuclear families were more likely to suffer from TDIs (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.17; 1.66). On the other hand, the level of social vulnerability did not show a positive association with TDIs (OR - 1.21; 95% CI: 1.00; 1.47). The GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence as low. CONCLUSION: Despite the uncertainty of the evidence, children and adolescents from nonnuclear families are more likely to have TDIs than are those from nuclear families. On the other hand, social vulnerability does not seem to be associated with episodes of TDIs in children and adolescents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Through knowledge of the risk factors for TDIs, it is possible to develop public policies for their prevention.
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Estrutura Familiar , Vulnerabilidade Social , Traumatismos Dentários , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Sintetizar e descrever o que há produzido referente a funcionalidade familiar por meio do uso do instrumento APGAR familiar. Método: O estudo se sustenta na revisão do tipo integrativa de literatura de cunho narrativo, possibilitando a análise do conhecimento científico já produzido sobre o tema investigado. Resultados: A partir dos resultados da revisão integrativa, foi possível a formação de 02 (duas) categorias, como: Categoria 1-APGAR familiar na avaliação das relações cuidadores/familiares do idoso (60 a 100 anos). Categoria 2-Função familiar no cuidado a portadores de situações crônicas, como patologias oncológicas e patologias psiquiátricas. Conclusão: O estudo conseguiu concluir seus objetivos uma vez que os achados sugerem questões significativa concernente à família, pois, detém notoriedade, propiciando a conservação da integridade do ser humano em seus profusos aspectos.(AU)
Objective: To synthesize and describe what has been produced regarding family functionality through the use of the family APGAR instrument. Method: The study is based on an integrative review of narrative literature, enabling the analysis of scientific knowledge already produced on the topic investigated. Results: Based on the results of the integrative review, it was possible to form 02 (two) categories, such as: Category 1-Family APGAR in the assessment of caregiver/family relationships of the elderly (60 to 100 years old). Category2-Family role in caring for people with chronic conditions, such as oncological pathologies and psychiatric pathologies. Conclusion: The study managed to complete its objectives since the findings suggest significant issues concerning the family, as it holds notoriety, enabling the conservation of the integrity of the human being in its profuse aspects.(AU)
Objetivo: Sintetizar y describir lo producido sobre la funcionalidad familiar mediante el uso del instrumento APGAR familiar. Método: El estudio se basa en una revisión integradora de la literatura narrativa, posibilitando el análisis del conocimiento científico ya producido sobre el tema investigado. Resultados: Con base en los resultados de la revisión integradora, fue posible formar 02 (dos) categorías, tales como: Categoría 1-APGAR Familiar en la evaluación de las relaciones cuidador/familiar del anciano (60 a 100 años). Categoría2-Papel familiar en el cuidado de personas con enfermedades crónicas, como patologías oncológicas y patologías psiquiátricas. Conclusión: El estudio logró cumplir sus objetivos ya que los hallazgos sugieren cuestiones significativas relativas a la familia, ya que ésta goza de notoriedad, permitiendo la conservación de la integridad del ser humano en sus aspectos profusos.(AU)
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Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde , Estrutura FamiliarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study tried to examine the association between the frequency of family meals and excess weight using large and representative samples of children and adolescents from 43 countries. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC), which included nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years, involving a total of 155 451 participants (mean age = 13.6 years; standard deviation [SD] = 1.6; 51.4% girls). Family meal frequency was gauged through the following question: 'How frequently do you and your family typically share meals?' The possible responses were: 'never', 'less often', 'approximately once a week', 'most days' and 'every day'. The body weight and height of the participants were self-reported and utilized to calculate body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, BMI z-scores were computed based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and the prevalence of excess weight was defined as +1.31 SD for boys and + 1.24 SD for girls, with obesity defined as +2.29 SD for boys and + 2.19 SD for girls. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine the associations between the frequency of family meals and excess weight or obesity. RESULTS: The lowest predicted probabilities of having excess weight and obesity were observed for those participants who had family meals every day (excess weight: 34.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.4%-37.5%; obesity: 10.8%, 95% CI 9.0%-13.0%). CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of family meals is associated with lower odds of having excess weight and obesity in children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar , Refeições , Obesidade Infantil , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Criança , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Família , Comportamentos Relacionados com a SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify externalizing and internalizing behaviors in high school adolescents in three schools in a northern border city in Mexico and their type of family. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. LOCATION: Three schools in the city of Tijuana, Mexico: two public and one private. PARTICIPANTS: 454 baccalaureate students 14-19 years old. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: We utilized Youth Self Report Scale, adapted and validated in Spanish, that measure internalization behaviors (anxiety, depression, isolation or somatic complaints), and externalization behaviors (verbal aggressiveness, delinquent behavior and attention-seeking). For dichotomous discrimination between deviant and nondeviant scores, we use the borderline clinical range by classifying YSR scale's T scores≥60, and to analyze the relationship between behavior problems or competencies and living or not in a nuclear family we utilized multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: 55% were female, mean age 16.4 years±0.98, and 62.3% came from a nuclear family. Prevalence of internalizing behaviors was 15.6%, and externalizing behaviors 14.8%. Women had statistically higher mean scores in depressive, anxious and verbally aggressive behavior, somatic complaints, and thought problems. The prevalence of internalizing behaviors in adolescents with nuclear family was 11.7% (n=33), and for adolescents with another type of family was 22.2% (n=38), OR 2.17 (CI 95% 1.30-3.61, p=0.003), but no differences was observed for externalizing behaviors and family type. When adjusted for sex, age, and public or private school, internalizing behaviors and specifically depressive behavior remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a moderate prevalence of internalizing behaviors in Mexican adolescents, predominantly among women, and also observed that not living with a nuclear family increases the odds of presenting internalizing behaviors. It is important that parents, teachers, and healthcare workers remain vigilant to detect these problems in a timely manner and develop interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of adolescents.
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Ansiedade , Instituições Acadêmicas , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Transtornos de AnsiedadeRESUMO
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being worldwide in unforeseen ways. In early 2020, the spread of the virus left its mark on every affected country, impacting mental health by limiting daily activities and causing fatalities amidst public health strategies to mitigate its impact. The influence of COVID-19 on the quality of life (QoL) may vary between countries, underscoring the need to examine its effects on individuals and families during the mandatory home quarantine. We aimed to assess the QoL of individuals and families during home isolation by COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2020. We included adult partners (≥18 years) of families from Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Japan, Peru, Russia, and Venezuela. Using the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire we assess the impact of COVID-19 on their partner/family member's QoL. Results: The survey was completed by 466 participants (mean age = 38.59 ± 13.75 years; females = 298) and 76% worked mostly as health professionals from South America (69.2%), Europe (18.4%), and Asia (12.4%). The WHOQOL-BREF mean score from 38.38 ± 11.55 (range = 22.8-43.4). The average quality of life in South America (41.9 ± 1.2) was significantly higher than that of European countries (30.9 ± 11.5) (p = 0.002). The social relations dimension was the only one with values close to 100 (mean = 83.3) in 6/7 evaluated countries, where only Spain had a low score (41 ± 33.12). Women had a slightly lower quality of life than men, but it was not significant (40.2 ± 8.8 vs. 41.5 ± 9.9, p = 0.354), while we found differences in the overall QoL between young and older, and by employment type (p < 0.05). According to family structure, we found differences on QoL between nuclear and siblings' families (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Families from seven countries of three continents reported poor QoL during the first outbreak of COVID-19. The pandemic scenario has dramatically weakened the QoL in 3/4 dimensions, where social relationships have remained high. It is important to fully address the impact of this reduced QoL on families after several waves of infection and to provide comprehensive support in the post-COVID future.
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A partir de la presentación del caso clínico de un niño de 10 años llamado Belcebú, atendido durante la pandemia de forma virtual a lo largo de un año y cuatro meses, se realiza un comentario teórico-clínico puntualizando los aspectos vinculados a:los enunciados identificatorios; el niño en la estructura familiar y, como aspecto más relevante, el lugar del juego producido en las sesiones, el que sostenido por la mirada posibilitadora de la analista, le permitió alniño elaborar y rescribir marcas identitarias,en pos de una subjetivación menos tanática AU
Based on the presentation of the clinical case of a 10-year-old boy named Belcebú, treated virtually during the pandemic for a yearand four months, a theoretical-clinical comment is made, pointing out the aspects related to: the identifying statements; the child in the family structure and, as a most relevant aspect, the place of the play produced in the sessions, which, supported by the analyst's enabling gaze, allowed the child to elaborate and rewrite identity marks, in pursuit of a less thanatic subjectivation AU
Sur la base de la présentation du cas clinique d'un garçon de 10 ans nommé Belcebú, traité virtuellement pendant la pandémie durant un an et quatre mois, un commentaire théorico-clinique est fait, soulignant les aspects liés:aux énoncés identifiants; l'enfant dans la structure familiale et, comme aspect le plus pertinent, la place du jeu produit dans les séances, qui, soutenu par le regard habilitant de l'analyste, a permis à l'enfant d'élaborer et de réécrire des marques identitaires, à la poursuite d'une subjectivation moins thanatique AU
A partir da apresentação do caso clínico de um menino de 10 anos chamado Belcebú, tratado virtualmente durante a pandemia por um ano e quatro meses, é feito um comentário teórico-clínico, apontando os aspectos relacionados: a os depoimentos identificadores; a criança na estrutura familiar e, como aspecto mais relevante, o lugar da brincadeira produzida nas sessões, que, amparada pelo olhar capacitador do analista, permitiu à criança elaborar e reescrever marcas identitárias, em busca de uma subjetivação menos tanática AU
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Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Ludoterapia/instrumentação , Estrutura Familiar , Identificação Psicológica , Violência Doméstica , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Estudos de Caso Único como Assunto/psicologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to identify the prevalence and physical health consequences of family structure transitions among children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. In many high-income countries, family structure transitions are common, and research suggests that they can lead to worse physical health for children. However, we know little about either the prevalence or consequences of family structure transitions for children in low-and middle-income countries, who make up the vast majority of the world's children. First, we estimated the number of family structure transitions by age 12 using four rounds of Young Lives data from four low-and middle-income countries (N = 8062, Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam) and validated our prevalence estimates with another dataset from these same countries. The proportion of children experiencing a family structure transition by age 12 was: 14.8% in Ethiopia, 5.6% in India, 22.0% in Peru, and 7.7% in Vietnam. We put these estimates in context by comparing them to 17 high- and upper-middle-income countries. Second, using linear mixed models, we found that family structure transitions were not directly associated with worse physical health for children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Children in Peru experienced higher rates of family structure transitions relative to children in the other Young Lives countries, and similar rates to many of the 17 comparison countries, yet physical health was unaffected. It is possible that in low-and middle-income countries, the environment may overwhelm family stability as a determinant of physical health.
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O presente estudo teve o objetivo de explorar a estrutura e a dinâmica de famílias com um filho com deficiência intelectual. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, a partir do estudo de casos múltiplos, de cinco famílias residentes no Distrito Federal, com análise descritiva e exploratória de entrevistas semiestruturadas para a construção de genogramas, ecomapas, e o ciclo de vital das famílias. Os resultados apresentaram a estrutura e dinâmica familiar através dos dados sociodemográficos, das expectativas atuais e futuras, estratégias de enfrentamento e do ciclo vital. Sugere-se o conhecimento de estratégias familiares adequadas para a transição futura de cuidados no contexto da deficiência intelectual.
This study aimed at exploring the structure and dynamics of families with a child with intellectual disabilities. The qualitative methodology was used, based on the study of multiple cases, of five families living in the Federal District, with descriptive and exploratory analysis of semi-structured interviews for the construction of genograms, ecomapas, and the life cycle of the families. The results presented the family structure and dynamics through sociodemographic data, current and future expectations, coping strategies and life cycle. It is suggested the knowledge of adequate family strategies for the future transition of care in the context of intellectual disability.
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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la confiabilidad del Barómetro de la Familia por medio del método test retest. Método: Estudio de tipo instrumental, se evaluó a 299 personas que vivían con sus parejas y/o hijos al momento de ser evaluados, el 83,6 % de la muestra fueron mujeres. El rango de edad fluctuó entre los 18 y 65 años (M=40,7 años). El Barómetro de la Familia (versión peruana) está compuesto por 98 ítems con diferentes opciones de respuesta (dicotómico, Likert, respuesta múltiple nominal y abierto de respuesta numérica) que evalúan la estructura y la dinámica familiar, además de la percepción que se tiene sobre temas relacionados a la familia como el aborto o el matrimonio. Se aplicaron los estadísticos kappa de Cohen (κ) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados: La mayoría de reactivos que indagan sobre la estructura, dinámica familiar, violencia y conductas de riesgo son confiables (κ≥ 0,4 o CCI≥ 0,4). Por otro lado, preguntas sobre la separación, matrimonio, homosexualidad y aborto no son confiables (κ< 0,4 o CCI< 0,4). Conclusión: El cuestionario del Barómetro de la Familia demostró ser confiable en la medición de diversas características familiares en la población peruana.
Abstract Objective: It is to determine the reliability of the Family Barometer using the test retest method. Method: An instrumental study, 299 people living with their partners and / or children were evaluated at the time of evaluation, 83,6 % of the sample were women. The age range fluctuated between 18 and 65 years (M = 40,7 years). The Family Barometer (Peruvian version) is made up of 98 items with different response options (dichotomous, Likert, multiple nominal response and open numerical response) that evaluate the family structure and dynamics, in addition to the perception that one has about family related issues like abortion or marriage. Cohen's kappa statistics (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied. Results: Most of the items that inquire about the structure, family dynamics, violence and risk behaviors are reliable (κ≥ 0,4 or CCI≥ 0,4). On the other hand, questions about separation, marriage, homosexuality and abortion are not reliable (κ <0,4 or ICC <0,4). Conclusion: The Family Barometer questionnaire proved to be reliable in measuring various family characteristics in the Peruvian population.
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Introducción: En Cuba, la atención a niños y adolescentes es una prioridad; sin embargo, existen menores que cometen hechos que la ley tipifica como delitos. El papel de la familia en la prevención de conductas desviadas en los menores es esencial; pero en ocasiones las características sociopsicológicas familiares no favorecen los comportamientos adecuados. Objetivo: Analizar las características sociopsicológicas de las familias de adolescentes con trastornos del comportamiento. Métodos: Se empleó como método el estudio de casos múltiples, en el cual se utilizaron la entrevista narrativa, la planilla de composición familiar, el escudo de armas familiar y el test de funcionamiento familiar con los padres; mientras que con los adolescentes, de forma individual, se emplearon el dibujo de la familia y la composición "Mi familia es"... Resultados: Las familias estudiadas se caracterizaron sociodemográficamente por un predominio de la raza negra, del sexo masculino, adultos y un nivel de escolaridad bajo, alto índice de vinculación laboral, con condiciones materiales entre regulares y malas, predominan las familias extensas. Los roles tendieron a ser rígidos y las relaciones fueron generalmente conflictivas. En cuanto al funcionamiento familiar, prevalecieron las familias disfuncionales, con afectación de los indicadores cohesión, armonía y comunicación. Desde la subjetividad familiar se evidenció un amplio conocimiento del contenido de valores espirituales, que no se manifestaron en la práctica cotidiana. Los proyectos de vida expresaron inmediatez y no tuvieron una materialización en la conducta cotidiana. Conclusiones: La manifestación de las características socio psicológicas familiares indicó que estas eran familias en situación de vulnerabilidad social, que es un factor de riesgo para los adolescentes con trastornos del comportamiento(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, is of great importance to care for children and teens; however, there are minors who commit acts that the law classifies as crimes. The role of the family in the prevention of the deviant behaviors is essential, but in many occasions the socio-psychological characteristics of the families doesn't favor adequate behaviors. Objective: To analyze the socio-psychological characteristics of the families of the adolescents with behavioral disorders of the School of Integral Formation "José Martí"; through the study of the categories structure, functioning and family subjectivity. Methods: The method of study of multiple cases is used, in wich it was used narrative interview, family composition board, family coat of arms, family operating test with parents; while with teens, in individual form, it was used family drawing and the composition My family is... Results: The families studied were sociodemographically characterized by a predominance of the black race and male sex, adults, and a low level of schooling, high rate of employment linkage, with bad and regular material conditions, with large families predominating. On the other hand, roles tended to be rigid, relationships were generally conflicting among family members. In terms of family functioning, dysfunctional families prevailed, affecting the cohesion, harmony and communication indicators. From the family subjectivity of the studied families, there was evidence of a broad knowledge of spiritual values that didn´t manifest in everyday practice. Life projects were scarce and had no materialization. Conclusion: The manifestation of family socio-psychological characteristics indicated that these were families in a situation of social vulnerability, like a risk factor for adolescents with behavioral disorders(AU)