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INTRODUCTION: high-calorie and sugar-sweetened food is considered more pleasant food. People with anhedonia symptoms have difficulties experiencing pleasure in daily activities. However, is still unclear if anhedonia symptomatology increases palatable food consumption in the Chilean Adults sample. OBJECTIVE: to explore food networks in the Chilean Adults sample and in people with anhedonia symptom. METHODS: the sample was recruited through digital platforms. Pregnant or lactating women and subjects under pharmacological treatment or psychotherapy were excluded. A total of 1242 subjects, 76.6% women, with a mean age of 30.7 (SD 9.3) and who were highly educated, participated in the study. Data were collected through an online survey. A questionnaire on food consumption based on daily and weekly frequency was used, as well as the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale to measure anhedonia symptoms. We employed the Gaussian graph model (GGM) to analyze food consumption as networks. We started with the total sample, and then we repeated the analysis on a subsample with anhedonia symptoms, and next on a subsample with exclusively food-related anhedonia. RESULTS: in the total sample, a positive and strong relationship was observed between fruits and vegetables, as well as a negative association with the triad of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and fried food. The network in anhedonic subjects shows that "pasta, rice & potatoes" and "bread" have a stronger association and a more central place in the network compared those without anhedonia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with anhedonia symptoms have a more central consumption of foods with a high or medium glycemic index compared to subjects without anhedonia symptoms, which could trigger the development of chronic diet-related diseases.

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Feed additives, such as prebiotics and essential oils, are used in pet foods and can affect digestibility, palatability, and intestinal functionality of dogs. The combined effects of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and palatability of diet, intestinal fermentation products, and fecal microbiota in dogs were analyzed. Eighteen adult dogs were fed for 20 days with three dry extruded diets for adult dogs: control (without the additive), a diet containing 1.5 kg/ton of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil (1.5YCO), and a diet containing 3.0 kg/ton of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil (3.0YCO). The inclusion of both levels of YCO reduced the intake ratio. The addition of 3.0YCO reduced the ATTD of dry matter, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were greater putrescine and cadaverine concentrations and lower histamine and ammonia (p < 0.05) in the feces of dogs fed 3.0YCO. In addition, fecal odor of dogs fed YCO was less fetid than the control group (p < 0.05). There was greater fecal bacterial diversity in dogs fed with both dietary concentrations of YCO evaluated (p < 0.05). Dogs fed 1.5YCO and 3.0YCO showed higher relative abundance of Blautia and Faecalibacterium and lower abundance of Streptococcus (p < 0.05) in the feces, in comparison to the control group. Given the modulation of microorganisms considered beneficial and the lower fecal concentrations of histamine, phenols, and ammonia, the YCO blend resulted in indicators of improvement of intestinal functionality in dogs.

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Cachaça is a traditional Brazilian drink that has the potential to offer a new sensory and technological strategy for artisanal cheesemaking, particularly for small-scale producers and family farming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cachaça immersion on the physicochemical, microbiological, color, texture, and sensory parameters of artisanal goat coalho cheeses using three different varieties of cachaça immersion. The results showed that cachaça immersion did not affect the cheese's proximate composition or starter culture viability, indicating its suitability as a new method for artisanal cheese production. Additionally, gold cachaça aged in oak casks was the most effective variety for sensory acceptance and purchase intention, suggesting that it may be a valuable strategy for small-scale producers to add value and encourage the consumption of artisanal goat coalho cheeses without compromising their quality. Thus, this study provides important insights for small-scale producers and family farming to enhance their product offerings and increase their competitiveness in the market.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-protein dried distillers grains (HPDDG) on palatability and metabolizable energy (ME) of the diet, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy, intestinal fermentation products, and fecal microbiota in dogs. Four diets containing 0, 70, 140, and 210 g/kg of HPDDG were manufactured. To evaluate the ME and the ATTD of macronutrients of HPDDG itself, an additional test diet was manufactured containing 70% of the control diet formula (0 g/kg) and 300 g/kg of HPDDG. Fifteen adult Beagle dogs were distributed in a randomized block design, with two periods of 15 d each (n = 6). The HPDDG digestibility was obtained using the Matterson substitution method. For the palatability test, 16 adult dogs were used, comparing the diets: 0 vs. 70 g/kg of HPDDG and 0 vs. 210 g/kg of HPDDG. The ATTD of HPDDG were: dry matter = 85.5%, crude protein = 91.2%, and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract = 84.6% and the ME content was 5,041.8 kcal/kg. The ATTD of macronutrients and ME of the diets and the fecal dry matter, score, pH, and ammonia of the dogs did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). There was a linear increase in the fecal concentrations of valeric acid with the inclusion of HPDDG in the diet (P < 0.05). Streptococcus and Megamonas genera reduced linearly (P < 0.05), and Blautia, Lachnospira, Clostridiales, and Prevotella genera showed a quadratic response to the inclusion of HPDDG in the diet (P < 0.05). Alpha-diversity results showed an increase (P < 0.05) in the number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon index and a trend (P = 0.065) for a linear increase in the Chao-1 index with the dietary inclusion of HPDDG. Dogs preferred the 210 g/kg diet over the 0 g/kg HPDDG diet (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the HPDDG evaluated does not affect the utilization of nutrients in the diet, but it may modulate the fecal microbiome of dogs. In addition, HPDDG may contribute to diet palatability for dogs.

Considering the constant search for novel ingredients in animal nutrition and the increasing use of corn to produce ethanol, dried distillers grains with (DDGS) or without (DDG) solubles can potentially be used in dog food. Previous studies show that DDGS and DDG can contribute mainly with protein and fiber to the diets and that their fibrous fraction can potentially be fermented by the gut microbiota. However, DDGS and DDG may present variable digestibility in dogs. Besides, we did not find studies evaluating the nutritional effects of high-protein DDG (HPDDG) in dogs. This study evaluated the effects of HPDDG on diet digestibility and palatability and on variables related to the intestinal functionality of adult dogs. Our results demonstrated that HPDDG can be used in extruded diets for dogs due to its high digestibility and palatability. Besides, the HPDDG evaluated may result in a modulation of the gut microbiota, favoring bacteria considered beneficial for gut health.

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Introduction: Maternal high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and lactation programs obesity in rat offspring associated with sex-dependent and tissue-specific changes of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS activation induces food intake and preference for fat as well as lipogenesis. We hypothesized that maternal HF diet would increase the lipid endocannabinoid levels in breast milk programming cannabinoid and dopamine signaling and food preference in rat offspring. Methods: Female Wistar rats were assigned into two experimental groups: control group (C), which received a standard diet (10% fat), or HF group, which received a high-fat diet (29% fat) for 8 weeks before mating and during gestation and lactation. Milk samples were collected to measure endocannabinoids and fatty acids by mass spectrometry. Cannabinoid and dopamine signaling were evaluated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of male and female weanling offspring. C and HF offspring received C diet after weaning and food preference was assessed in adolescence. Results: Maternal HF diet reduced the milk content of anandamide (AEA) (p<0.05) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (p<0.05). In parallel, maternal HF diet increased adiposity in male (p<0.05) and female offspring (p<0.05) at weaning. Maternal HF diet increased cannabinoid and dopamine signaling in the NAc only in male offspring (p<0.05), which was associated with higher preference for fat in adolescence (p<0.05). Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, maternal HF diet reduced AEA and 2-AG in breast milk. We speculate that decreased endocannabinoid exposure during lactation may induce sex-dependent adaptive changes of the cannabinoid-dopamine crosstalk signaling in the developing NAc, contributing to alterations in neurodevelopment and programming of preference for fat in adolescent male offspring.

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ABSTRACT The dispersion of Diceraeus melacanthus (Dallas) from soybean (first crop season) to maize (second crop season) is facilitated by the presence of weeds (e.g. Commelina benghalensis) and soybean grains on the ground. Understanding insect development and behavior on different food sources is important to develop pest management strategies. Thus, three independent experiments were conducted to study D. melacanthus nymph development, and adult preference for feeding and oviposition in different food source scenarios in the field. The first two trials studied development and food preference of D. melacanthus related to different food sources (C. benghalensis branches, moistened soybean grain + soybean seedlings, maize seedlings + C. benghalensis branches, moistened soybean grains + maize seedlings, moistened soybean grains + C. benghalensis branches, maize seedlings, as well as a standard diet). The third trial evaluated D. melacanthus oviposition preferences between the aforementioned plants. Overall, moistened soybean grains resulted in better nutritional quality, thus being crucial for D. melacanthus development, triggering faster nymph development as well as better overall adult fitness. The combination of soybean grains and maize seedlings or C. benghalensis branches showed great potential to benefit D. melacanthus, since these complementary food sources improved stink bug fitness, increasing mainly adult longevity, fecundity and egg viability. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to reduce D. melacanthus outbreaks in second season maize, it is important to reduce soybean harvest loss (reducing, therefore, moistened soybean grain on the ground) and eliminate stink bug associated plants like C. benghalensis.

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The suborder Sauria, corresponds to the group with the highest diversity of species within the Squamata, totaling 7310 currently living species. For Brazil are found 387 species divided into 86 genus. The tegulizard, targed of this work , belongs to the Teiidae famil y and the Salvator merianae species , but there are other animals popularly called tegus belonging to the genus Tupinambis . The tegulizard is the representative of the largest lizard found in Brazil, reaching up to 500mm in Snout- vent length (SVL). S. merianae has an elongated body, a pointed snout and a whip- shaped tail, similar characteristics to those of the Teiidae family. The objective of this work is to observe and clarify whether the target species has a food preference. According to the literature, this species has omnivorous, generalist, opportunistic and seed - dispersing eating habits, but little is said about having a preference for certain types of food to the point of making choices. For the experiment, seven adult animals, were used, males and in full health, were offered several pairs of food separated in feeders, in the amount of 50g for each type of food and observed which animals invested, fed and if all was ingested, within 20 minutes. The foods offered were animal protein (mouse, beef or chicken), fruits, eggs and industrialized feed. The results previously showed that the lizards studied, showed a food preference, sometimes invested in a feeder due to the smell of the food, but did not consume it, later they went to the second feeder and ingested the food, this found that there was a choic e of food item.

A subordem Sauria , corresponde ao grupo com maior diversidade de espécies dentro dos Squamata, totalizando 7310 espécies viventes atualmente. Para o Brasil são encontradas 387 espécies dividid as em 86 gêneros. O lagarto teiú, alvo deste trabalho pertence a família Teiidae e a espécie Salvator merianae, mas existem outros animais popularmente chamados de teiús que pertencem ao gênero Tupinambis. O lagarto teiú é o representante do maior lagarto encontrado no Brasil, podendo atingir até 500mm de comprimento rostro - cloacal (CRC). O S. merianae apresenta corpo alongado, focinho pontiagudo e cauda em forma de chicote, características semelhantes dos representantes da família Teiidae. O trabalho tem como objetivo observar e esclarecer se a espécie alvo apresenta preferência alimentar. De acordo com a literatura esta espécie apresenta hábito alimentar onívoro, generalista, oportunista e dispersor de semente, contudo pouco se fala sobre apresentar preferência por determinados tipos de alimentos a ponto de realizarem escolhas . Para o experimento foram utilizado s sete animais adultos, machos e em plena saúde, onde foram ofertadas combinações em duplas de alimentos separados em comedouros, na quantia de 50g para cada tipo de item alimentar e observado em qual os animais investiam, se alimentavam , e se era ingerido todo o alimento, no período de 20 minutos. Os alimentos ofertados foram proteína animal (camundongo, carne bovina ou frango), frutas, ovos e ração industrializada. Os resultados mostraram previamente que os lagartos alvo d o estudo demonstraram preferência alimentar, por vezes investiram em um comedouro devido ao cheiro do alimento, mas não chegaram a consumir: posteriormente foram até ao segundo comedouro fazendo a ingestão do alimento. Isso constatou que houve escolha preferencial do item alimentar.

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C1ql3 protein and its receptor Bai3 are involved in synaptic organization and function. In this issue of Neuron, Wang et al. (2020) report that both are essential for synaptic function between the anterior olfactory nucleus and the olfactory bulb and for the generation, but not recall, of associative olfactory memories determining food preference in mice.

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Biofloc systems for aquaculture production are excellent options to attend the increasing demand for fish. Despite the advantages, these systems lead to accumulation of nitrogenous residues that need to be avoided, which can be achieved by the addition of salts to the water. However, salts may interfere with the body composition and the organoleptic properties of fish. Therefore, we evaluate the body composition and acceptability of tilapia fillets produced under different salt conditions. Body composition was measured by moisture, ethereal extract, crude protein and minerals, and tested by Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). To infer on acceptability, a sensorial analysis was performed to produce preference scales of aroma, appearance, texture, flavor and off-flavor attributes. These were summarized with Principal Coordinates Analysis and tested by PERMANOVA. The body composition shows no significance difference between salts conditions. However, the organoleptic properties according to the participants were peculiar and showed lower influence of the salt condition. In the order of preference, the most accepted fish was cultivated in a conventional system (ponds without salinity). Therefore, salt conditions in biofloc systems did not significantly change the body composition of the fish, but subtle reduced their acceptability.

Com o aumento do consumo de pescado, a produção de peixes em bioflocos é uma ótima alternativa para suprir esta demanda. Apesar das vantagens, no sistema bioflocos há acúmulo de resíduos nitrogenados que podem ser evitados pela adição de sais na água. Entretanto, esses podem interferir na composição corporal e nas propriedades organolépticas do pescado. Desta forma, avaliamos a aceitabilidade de filés de tilápia produzidas em bioflocos com diferentes condições de sais. A composição corporal foi mensurada por meio da umidade, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e minerais, e testada pela análise multivariada de variância permutacional (PERMANOVA). Para inferir aceitabilidade, uma análise sensorial foi realizada para produzir escalas de preferência em aroma, aparência, textura, sabor e off-flavor. Esses foram sumariados pela análise de coordenadas principais e testados com PERMANOVA. Na composição corporal não houve diferença significativa. Para as propriedades organolépticas, apenas a aparência e o sabor mostraram significância, assim como aparência, aroma, e off-flavor em relação aos provadores. Na preferência, o peixe mais aceito foi o cultivado em sistema convencional (tanques escavados sem salinidade). Desta forma, conclui-se que o tipo de sal no sistema de bioflocos não interferiu na composição corporal do pescado, mas sutilmente reduziu sua aceitabilidade.

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Biofloc systems for aquaculture production are excellent options to attend the increasing demand for fish. Despite the advantages, these systems lead to accumulation of nitrogenous residues that need to be avoided, which can be achieved by the addition of salts to the water. However, salts may interfere with the body composition and the organoleptic properties of fish. Therefore, we evaluate the body composition and acceptability of tilapia fillets produced under different salt conditions. Body composition was measured by moisture, ethereal extract, crude protein and minerals, and tested by Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). To infer on acceptability, a sensorial analysis was performed to produce preference scales of aroma, appearance, texture, flavor and off-flavor attributes. These were summarized with Principal Coordinates Analysis and tested by PERMANOVA. The body composition shows no significance difference between salts conditions. However, the organoleptic properties according to the participants were peculiar and showed lower influence of the salt condition. In the order of preference, the most accepted fish was cultivated in a conventional system (ponds without salinity). Therefore, salt conditions in biofloc systems did not significantly change the body composition of the fish, but subtle reduced their acceptability.(AU)

Com o aumento do consumo de pescado, a produção de peixes em bioflocos é uma ótima alternativa para suprir esta demanda. Apesar das vantagens, no sistema bioflocos há acúmulo de resíduos nitrogenados que podem ser evitados pela adição de sais na água. Entretanto, esses podem interferir na composição corporal e nas propriedades organolépticas do pescado. Desta forma, avaliamos a aceitabilidade de filés de tilápia produzidas em bioflocos com diferentes condições de sais. A composição corporal foi mensurada por meio da umidade, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e minerais, e testada pela análise multivariada de variância permutacional (PERMANOVA). Para inferir aceitabilidade, uma análise sensorial foi realizada para produzir escalas de preferência em aroma, aparência, textura, sabor e off-flavor. Esses foram sumariados pela análise de coordenadas principais e testados com PERMANOVA. Na composição corporal não houve diferença significativa. Para as propriedades organolépticas, apenas a aparência e o sabor mostraram significância, assim como aparência, aroma, e off-flavor em relação aos provadores. Na preferência, o peixe mais aceito foi o cultivado em sistema convencional (tanques escavados sem salinidade). Desta forma, conclui-se que o tipo de sal no sistema de bioflocos não interferiu na composição corporal do pescado, mas sutilmente reduziu sua aceitabilidade.(AU)

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