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The interspecific variation in susceptibility to insecticides by lepidopteran species of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)], cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) crops from Brazil were evaluated. Populations of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), and Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were collected from 2019 to 2021. Early L3 larvae (F2 generation) were exposed to the formulated insecticides methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, spinetoram, flubendiamide, and chlorfenapyr in diet-overlay bioassays. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) were used to calculate tolerance ratios (TR) of each species in relation to the most susceptible species to each insecticide. The lowest LC50 values were verified for A. gemmatalis to all insecticides tested. Chrysodeixis includens and most of the Spodoptera species were moderately tolerant to methoxyfenozide (TR < 8.0-fold) and indoxacarb (TR < 39.4-fold), whereas H. armigera was the most tolerant species to methoxyfenozide (TR = 21.5-fold), and indoxacarb (TR = 106.4-fold). Spodoptera cosmioides, S. eridania, and S. albula showed highest tolerance to spinetoram (TR > 1270-fold), S. eridania, S. frugiperda, and S. albula to flubendiamide (TR from 38- to 547-fold), and S. albula to indoxacarb (TR = 138.6-fold). A small variation in susceptibility to chlorfenapyr (TR < 4.4-fold) was found among the lepidopteran evaluated. Our findings indicate a large variation in susceptibility to indoxacarb, spinetoram, and flubendiamide and a relatively low variation in susceptibility to methoxyfenozide and chlorfenapyr by lepidopteran species of soybean, cotton, and maize from Brazil.
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Inseticidas , Mariposas , Animais , Brasil , Gossypium , Resistência a Inseticidas , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Larva , Glycine max , Spodoptera , Zea maysRESUMO
The Irre Cell Recognition Module (IRM) is an evolutionarily conserved group of transmembrane glycoproteins required for cell-cell recognition and adhesion in metazoan development. In Drosophila melanogaster ovaries, four members of this group - Roughest (Rst), Kin of irre (Kirre), Hibris (Hbs) and Sticks and stones (Sns) - play important roles in germ cell encapsulation and muscle sheath organization during early pupal stages, as well as in the progression to late oogenesis in the adult. Females carrying some of the mutant rst alleles are viable but sterile, and previous work from our laboratory had identified defects in the organization of the peritoneal and epithelial muscle sheaths of these mutants that could underlie their sterile phenotype. In this study, besides further characterizing the sterility phenotype associated with rst mutants, we investigated the role of the IRM molecules Rst, Kirre and Hbs in maintaining the functionality of the ovarian muscle sheaths. We found that knocking down any of the three genes in these structures, either individually or in double heterozygous combinations, not only decreases contraction frequency but also irregularly increases contraction amplitude. Furthermore, these alterations can significantly impact the morphology of eggs laid by IRM-depleted females demonstrating a hitherto unknown role of IRM molecules in egg morphogenesis.
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Proteínas de Drosophila , Drosophila , Animais , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Feminino , Proteínas de Membrana , Contração Muscular , Oogênese , Ovário , ÓvuloRESUMO
The genus Helicoverpa includes several agricultural pests globally. Helicoverpa armigera was reported in several countries in South America in 2013, and in Puerto Rico, in 2014. This territory is considered an agricultural hub, with a high-input system of seed production in the southern region of the island, and also at the edge of the continental U.S. Possible natural dispersion of populations of H. armigera from the Caribbean or other Central American regions poses a continuing risk to the U.S. This study was performed during the post-detection scenario of H. armigera in Puerto Rico, from 2018 to 2021. A year-round pheromone trapping program of adult males indicated an increase in the population from October to March and differences in the occurrence of Helicoverpa spp. between the municipalities Juan Diaz and Salinas. The proportion of H. armigera/H. zea and detection of congeneric hybrids between these species were assessed based on genital morphology and DNA analysis. Interestingly, neither H. armigera nor expected hybrids were detected in the present study. The susceptibility of H. zea populations to the insecticides Spinetoram, Emamectin benzoate, Chlorantraniliprole, and Esfenvalerate was assessed, and an overall significant effect of insecticide susceptibility was detected. Chlorantraniliprole and Emamectin benzoate had the highest efficacy. These results contribute to the Integrated Pest Management and Insect resistance management programs to Helicoverpa spp. in Puerto Rico. In addition, provide validated information to be considered in mitigation plans, in the scenario of an invasion of H. armigera in the continental U.S.
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The novel ingestion bioassay method was developed for detecting and monitoring resistance of Euschistus heros by encapsulating an artificial liquid diet using Parafilm®. This methodology was compared with the tarsal contact (vial test) and topical application methods for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The best bioassay method for the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid was ingestion. For pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, the best result was obtained by topical application. Using the best bioassay method for each insecticide, the susceptibility to these insecticides was monitored in 30 populations of E. heros collected from soybean crops in Brazil from 2018 to 2020. High variations in susceptibility to thiamethoxam (resistance ratios, 1.6-22 times), imidacloprid (resistance ratios, 1.6-22 times), and lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios, 5-40 times) were detected among the evaluated E. heros populations. In order to monitor the susceptibility of E. heros to insecticides, diagnostic concentrations were defined based on the LC99 of the susceptible reference population: 5.65 µL of a.i./mL for thiamethoxam, 12.45 µL of a.i./mL for imidacloprid, and 0.20 µg of a.i./insect for lambda-cyhalothrin. Subsequently, we select an E. heros strain resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides and another to lambda-cyhalothrin. The resistance ratios obtained after seven selection cycles were 66, 41 and 44 times for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.
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INTRODUCTION: Spread evaluation of Prostate Cancer (PC) in French Guyana is bothered by the lack of bone scintigraphy. The availability of 4 MRI allows to develop alternatives using Axial Skeleton MRI (AS MRI). We report the related results. MATERIAL: AS MRI was done in patients with diagnosis of high risk PC: PSA>=10ng/ml and/or Gleason Score>=7 (predominant Gleason grade 4) and/or clinical T2b and/or T2b/T3 MRI and/or >50% positive biopsies. AS MRI was including spine, pelvis and skull assessement.The results were systematically compared to the clinical, biological and biopsy features. RESULTS: Amongst 163 AS MRI performed, 30 were positive and 133 negative. Of these 133 patients, 60 were submited to radical prostatectomy with or without lymphadenectomy. In these 133 patients with negative AS MRI, median PSA was 11ng/ml (1-51) and 27 (20,3%) had PSA>20ng/ml. In patients with positive AS MRI, only 1 had PSA<20ng/ml and predominant Gleason grade 3. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that AS MRI assessement is especially usefull in patients who are most likely to have bone metastasis that is to say those with PSA>20ng/ml and/or predominant Gleason grade 4. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata , Guiana , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Esqueleto/patologiaRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible (PRES por las siglas en inglés Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome) es una entidad clínica caracterizada por cefalea, alteraciones visuales y crisis convulsivas. Ésta es una entidad subdiagnosticada, que tiene como fisiopatología la alteración del vaso de regulación cerebral y se puede presentar en féminas gestantes, lo que puede llegar a confundirse con eclampsia. Caso clínico: Paciente de 20 años sin antecedentes patológicos, con embarazo de término normoevolutivo. Presentó ruptura prematura de membranas e ingresó para conducción de trabajo; se preparó a la paciente para analgesia obstétrica; sin embargo, previamente al procedimiento presentó crisis convulsivas de características tonicoclónicas generalizadas. Se realizó un manejo avanzado de la vía aérea y se realizó una cesárea de urgencia; se obtuvo producto único vivo y fue ingresada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. El perfil toxémico no reportó alteraciones y la tomografía computarizada inicial no mostró alteraciones estructurales. Se le retiró a la paciente la ventilación mecánica 12 horas después. Se realizó una resonancia magnética que mostró en fase T2, hiperintensidad subcortical parieto-occipital derecho. Permaneció en vigilancia y fue egresada a piso sin complicaciones ni secuelas neurológicas. Conclusiones: El tratamiento del PRES va enfocado al control de la presión arterial, y el soporte orgánico y metabólico. No todos los enfermos con PRES se recuperan neurológicamente ad integrum; sin embargo, la proporción de pacientes que cursan sin secuelas es mayor en pacientes obstétricas. La resonancia magnética es el estudio de elección; el hallazgo característico es el edema simétrico de la materia blanca en la región occipital de los hemisferios cerebrales, en particular las regiones parieto-occipitales, no obstante, existen otro tipo de presentaciones radiológicas.
Abstract: Introduction: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinical entity characterized by headache, visual disturbances and convulsive seizures. It is a sub-diagnosed entity that, due to its trigger being cerebral vasoregulation disorders, may present in pregnant women, which may be confused with eclampsia. Clinical case: Patient of 20 years of age, without pathological antecedents, with term pregnancy, evolutionary norm. Who enters by exit of mucous plug, followed by premature rupture of membranes, so it is admitted for conduction of labor, however presents convulsive crisis, generalized clonic tonic. Advanced airway management is decided, and an emergency caesarean section is performed, obtaining a single live product, and the patient is admitted to the ICU. His toxemic profile was reported without alterations, his initial CT scan without structural alterations, and mechanical ventilation was removed twelve hours later. MRI is performed where subcortical right parieto-occipital hyperintensity is observed, being kept under surveillance and graduated to floor without complications. Conclusions: The treatment of PRES syndrome is focused on organic and metabolic supports and mainly on tension Figures. Not all are reversible, however, the pregnant patient is more frequent than present evolution without sequelae. Magnetic resonance is the study of choice for this clinical entity, and the typical findings are symmetrical edema of white matter in the posterior cerebral hemispheres, particularly the parieto-occipital regions, but there are variations.
Resumo: Introduçao: A síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível (PRES) é uma entidade clínica caracterizada por dor de cabeça, distúrbios visuais e convulsões. É uma entidade subdiagnosticada, cuja fisiopatologia é a alteração do vaso de regulação cerebral, pode ocorrer em mulheres grávidas, o que pode ser confundido com eclampsia. Caso clínico: Paciente de 20 anos, sem antecedentes patológicos, com gestação á término e evolução normal. Apresentou ruptura prematura de membranas e ingressou para indução do trabalho de parto, preparou-se para analgesia obstétrica, porém antes do procedimento apresentou convulsões com características tônicas clônicas generalizadas. Foi realizado manejo avançado das vias aéreas e cesariana de emergência, obtendo-se um único produto vivo, e foi admitida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O perfil toxémico não relatou alterações, a tomografia computadorizada inicial não mostrou alterações estruturais e a ventilação mecânica foi removida doze horas depois. Foi realizada ressonância magnética que mostrou na fase T2, hiperintensidade subcortical parieto-occipital direita. A paciente permaneceu sob vigilância e recebeu alta sem complicações ou sequelas neurológicas. Conclusões: O tratamento do PRES, está focado no controle da pressão arterial, suporte orgânico e metabólico. Nem todos os pacientes com PRES se recuperam neurologicamente ad integrum, no entanto, a proporção de pacientes que não apresentam sequelas é maior em pacientes obstétricos. A ressonância magnética é o estudo de eleição; o achado característico é edema simétrico de substância branca na região occipital dos hemisférios cerebrais, particularmente regiões parietooccipitais, porém existem outros tipos de apresentações radiológicas.
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INTRODUCTION: Anthropometric data report that pelvic bone of African subjects are narrower and the pelvic cavity is deeper. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of pelvic dimensions (PD) on Positive surgical margins (PSM) rate in Afro-Caribbean population after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preoperative pelvic MRI of all patients who have had RALP at the University Hospital Center of Guadeloupe between January 2013 and December 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. PD, including the Height of the upper edge of the prostate (HP), the Apical Depth (AD) and Ischial Spines Distance (ISD), and indexes (prostate volumetric index [ISD/VP], apical depth index [ISD/AD] and prostate depth index [ISD/(AD/HP)]) were compared according to the presence or absence of PSM with uni and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the study, of whom 60 (33.7%) presented PSM. In univariate analysis, significant differences between the presence or absence of PSM were observed on the AD (30.3±8.7mm versus 24.8±8.0mm, P<0.001), the HP (9.5±8.5mm versus 16.8±11.9mm, P<0.001) and the ISD (89.6±8.8mm versus 96.1±8.4mm) as well as the indexes of apical depth and prostatic depth. In multivariate logistic regression, the ISD (P<0.001) and HP (P=0.02) were associated with increased likelihood of PSM, but not AD or indexes. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interspinous distance is the best predictor of PSM during RALP in Afro-Caribbean patients. This measure may be useful to define the therapeutic pattern of patients with prostate cancer. A prospective study with a larger population, comparing RALP in Afro-Caribbean and in caucasians patients, would be needed.
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Pesos e Medidas Corporais/métodos , Margens de Excisão , Pelve/diagnóstico por imagem , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Idoso , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/normas , Guadalupe , Humanos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Laparoscopia/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Neoplasia Residual , Ossos Pélvicos/patologia , Pelve/patologia , Período Pré-Operatório , Prognóstico , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Prostatectomia/instrumentação , Prostatectomia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodosRESUMO
Evolution of resistance to control measures in insect populations is a natural process, and management practices are intended to delay or mitigate resistance when it occurs. During the 2012/13 season the first reports of unexpected damage by Diatraea saccharalis on some Bt maize hybrids occurred in the northeast of San Luis province, Argentina. The affected Bt technologies were Herculex I® (HX-TC1507) and VT3PRO® (MON 89034 × MON 88017*). Event TC1507 expresses Cry1F and event MON 89034 expresses Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2, whichr are all Bt proteins with activity against the lepidopterans D. saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda (MON 88017 expresses the protein Cry3Bb1 for control of coleopteran insects and the enzyme CP4EPSPS for glyphosate tolerance). The affected area is an isolated region surrounded by sierra systems to the northeast and west, with a hot semi-arid climate, long frost-free period, warm winters, hot dry summers, and woody shrubs as native flora. To manage and mitigate the development of resistance, joint actions were taken by the industry, growers and Governmental Agencies. Hybrids expressing Vip3A protein (event MIR162) and/or Cry1Ab protein (events MON 810 and Bt11) as single or stacked events are used in early plantings to control the first generations of D. saccharalis, and in later plantings date's technologies with good control of S. frugiperda. A commitment was made to plant the refuge, and pest damage is monitored. As a result, maize production in the area is sustainable and profitable with yields above the average.
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Aim of this study is to measure the volume of the uterine layers in healthy women according to the menstrual cycle phases and to test the agreement between three methods. The study was performed with 28 healthy women. Participants were divided into three groups as follicular (n=7), luteal (n=10) and postmenopausal phase (n=11). We used the point-counting and planimetry method in MR images and the ellipsoid methods in images obtained by transvaginal ultrasonography. Spearman correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between the volumes of uterine layers and age (p<0.01). The volumes of the total uterus, the total myometrium and the endometrium measured with planimetry and point-counting methods were significantly lower in the postmenopausal women (p<0.01). While volumes of total uterus and the total myometrium significantly lower in the postmenopausal group in measurements done using ellipsoid method, the decrease in the volume of the endometrium was not statistically significant. The Bland-Altman test results indicated an excellent agreement between point-counting and planimetry methods in the volumetric measurements. The ellipsoid method might be inadequate for determining uterine layers volume particularly the endometrium volume. The stereological methods permit unbiased and efficient estimation of volume of uterine layers in vivo examination of MRI.
El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el volumen de las capas uterinas en mujeres sanas de acuerdo con las fases del ciclo menstrual y probar la concordancia de tres métodos. El estudio se realizó en 28 mujeres sanas. Las participantes se dividieron en tres grupos, folicular (n=7), luteal (n=10) y fase posmenopáusica (n=11). Utilizamos el método de conteo puntual y planimetría en imágenes de resonancia magnética y utilizamos los métodos elipsoides en imágenes obtenidas por ultrasonografía transvaginal. El análisis de correlación de Spearman mostró correlaciones negativas significativas entre los volúmenes de las capas uterinas y la edad (p <0,01). Se midieron con planimetría los volúmenes total de útero, el miometrio y endometrio, los métodos de recuento de puntos fueron significativamente más bajos en las mujeres posmenopáusicas (p <0,01). Por otra parte, el volumen total de útero y el total del miometrio fue significativamente menor en el grupo posmenopáusico en las mediciones realizadas con el método elipsoide. La disminución en el volumen del endometrio no fue estadísticamente significativa. Los resultados de las pruebas de Bland-Altman indicaron una excelente concordancia entre los métodos de recuento de puntos y de planimetría en las mediciones volumétricas. El método elipsoide puede ser inadecuado para determinar el volumen de las capas uterinas, particularmente en el volumen del endometrio. Los métodos estereológicos permiten una estimación imparcial y eficiente del volumen de las capas uterinas en el examen in vivo de la resonancia magnética.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Útero/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Anatomia/métodosRESUMO
El seguimiento de la mama operada e irradiada consta de estudios mamográficos y ecográficos anuales, realizando la primera mamografía a los 6 meses de efectuada la radioterapia. En pacientes con cirugía reconstructiva, el método de imágenes elegido para el seguimiento variará según el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico que se haya realizado. En pacientes con mutaciones genéticas, el seguimiento debe realizarse con Imagen por Resonancia Magnética (irm) dado el riesgo aumentado de cáncer de mama contralateral. Entre los hallazgos benignos más comunes se encuentran el edema, la necrosis grasa, las distorsiones, las calcificaciones con centro radiolúcido y de hilos de sutura. La mamografía es, en la actualidad, el método de estudio imagenológico ampliamente recomendado en la vigilancia del cáncer de mama y se utiliza para el seguimiento a corto plazo de una enferma de cáncer recientemente tratada con tratamiento quirúrgico conservador de la mama. Sin embargo, la irm es el método que mejor evalúa a la mama operada e irradiada. Posee la mayor sensibilidad para detectar carcinoma mamario primario o debido a recidiva; además, permite el diagnóstico diferencial entre fibrosis y recidiva en la cicatriz y la evaluación de los implantes en las mamas reconstruidas.
The follow-up of the operated and irradiated breast consists about an annual mammographic study and an ultrasound study, doing the first mammography 6 months after radiotherapy was performed. In patients with reconstructive surgery, the imaging method chosen for alternative follow-up depends on the type of surgical procedure that has been performed. In patients with genetic mutations, follow-up should be performed with mri, given the risk of contralateral breast cancer. Among the most common benign findings are edema, fat necrosis, distortions, calcifications with radius centers and suture threads. Mammography is currently the most useful method of study in the surveillance of breast cancer, and is used for the short-term follow-up of a recently treated cancer disease, with conservative surgical treatment of the breast. However, mri is the best diagnostic method for the operated and irradiated breast. It has the highest sensitivity to detect primary breast carcinoma or due to a recurrence, and allows the differential diagnosis between fibrosis and recurrence in the scar and the evaluation of the implants in the reconstructed breasts.