RESUMO
The identification of important areas (i.e., nursery grounds) is essential for the conservation of most shark species. To assess whether Salas y Gómez Island serves as a nursery area for the Galápagos shark Carcharhinus galapagensis, we conducted a thorough literature review. Multiple lines of evidence show that young-of-the-year (YOY); inhabiting the remote Salas y Gómez Island (1) present a higher density around Salas y Gómez Island than the surrounding deeper oceanic waters and in the south-eastern Pacific, (2) potentially display high fidelity to this area, and (3) demonstrate the repeated use of this area over multiple years. We also discuss the significance of this isolated island for the Galápagos shark population and propose specific research, management, and conservation actions for its preservation.
RESUMO
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal la estandarización y validación del Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad ISRA (Miguel Tobal & Cano-Vindel, 2002) en la población de República Dominicana y corroborar si distingue entre población sana y pacientes con diagnóstico de asma bronquial. La muestra total fue de 1074 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 69 años; 986 sujetos sanos conformaron la población general y de estudiantes, y 88 individuos la muestra con asma bronquial, a los cuales se les aplicó el Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (ISRA; Miguel-Tobal & Cano Vindel, 2002), y la versión española del Inventario Estado-Rasgo (STAI; Spielberger, Edwards, Lushene, Montuori & Platzek, 1970). Los datos se analizaron mediante un ANOVA de dos vías, mostrando diferencias significativas entre los niveles de ansiedad de los grupos evaluados. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios AFEs confirman la existencia de tres sistemas de respuestas (cognitivo, fisiológico y motor) y 3 áreas situacionales (evaluación-interpersonal, fóbica y de la vida cotidiana). Se evidenció una alta fiabilidad por medio del alfa de Cronbach y test-retest. Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el ISRA y el STAI para la validez concurrente. Estos resultados demuestran que el ISRA es un instrumento fiable y válido para evaluar la ansiedad...
The main objective of the present research was the standardization and validation of the Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety ISRA (Miguel - Tobal & Cano -Vindel, 2002) in the population of the Dominican Republic. Additionally, to verify if the ISRA distinguish between healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma was a key objective too. The total sample of 1074 subjects aged 18 to 69 years was composed by 986 healthy subjects (students and the general population) and 88 individuals with bronchial asthma, to whom we applied the Inventory of Situations and Responses of Anxiety (ISRA; Miguel - Tobal & Cano -Vindel, 2002), and the Spanish version of the State Trait Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, Edwards, Lushene, Montuori & Platzek, 1970). The data were analyzed by two way ANOVA, showing significant differences between anxiety levels of the groups assessed. APEs confirm the existence of three sets of responses (cognitive, physiological and motor) and 3 situational areas (assessment, interpersonal, phobic and everyday life). High reliability was evidenced by Cronbachs alpha and test-retest. Significant positive correlations between the ISRA and the STAI for concurrent validity were obtained. These results show that ISRA is a reliable and valid instrument to assess anxiety...