RESUMO

The extent to which group therapy benefits individuals who have experienced couple infidelity remains unexamined. In this study, a brief group intervention for individuals who experienced couple infidelity was designed, and the feasibility of the intervention was evaluated (i.e., acceptability; implementation; measurements' performance and, limited-efficacy testing). The final sample was composed of 20 women and 4 men (M = 29.95 years, SD = 12.3). Twenty-four completed pre and post assessments and 20 of these completed the follow-up assessment. At pre, post, and follow-up, participants responded to a questionnaire packet that included measures of depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, relationship self-efficacy, centrality of event, cognitive fusion, and decision to forgive. Also, follow-up interviews were conducted. The closed group intervention consisted of eight 90-min weekly sessions. The group therapy process component was based on solution-focused therapy. Psychoeducation component included mindfulness, reflection on personal values, factors that contribute to infidelity, and forgiveness. Session rating scores indicated an overall high acceptance of the intervention, its contents, and goals. Interview reports showed that dealing with thoughts and emotions, understanding infidelity, and forgiveness were the most helpful contents. Group support and processes were also positively valued. Repeated-measures MANOVA results indicated statistically significant decrease in symptoms, cognitive fusion, and importance of the event, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Measurement instruments showed adequate reliability. These results indicate that a group treatment may be an alternative format to help individuals deal with psychological consequences of couple infidelity, when couple therapy is not possible.

RESUMO

Male romantic jealousy is a commonly cited driver of intimate partner violence against women. An in-depth, contextualised understanding of the pathways and mechanisms from jealousy to intimate partner violence is, however, needed to inform programmes and interventions. We triangulated data from 48 interviews, eight focus groups and 1216 survey findings from low-income married women and men in northern Ecuador. Male jealousy was associated with controlling behaviours (aOR: 14.47, 95% CI: 9.47, 22.12) and sexual intimate partner violence (aOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.12). Controlling behaviours were associated with physical and sexual intimate partner violence (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.84). Qualitatively we found that most respondents framed jealousy within a discourse of love, and three triggers of male jealousy leading to intimate partner violence were identified: (1) community gossip, which acted as a mechanism of community control over women's movements and sexuality; (2) women joining the labour force, which was quantitatively associated with intimate partner violence and partially mediated by jealousy; and (3) women's refusal to have sex, which could lead husbands to coerce sex through accusations of infidelity. Gender-transformative interventions at the individual, couple and community level providing models of alternative masculinities and femininities may offer promise in reducing intimate partner violence in Ecuador. Importantly, future economic empowerment interventions should address jealousy to mitigate potential intimate partner violence backlash.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the conceptions and representations of young university students of both sexes, belonging to the middle classes and of different sexual orientations, regarding their affective-sexual relationships. Twenty-four young people, students from a public university, participated in this study, whose ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, 13 men and 11 women. The data collection consisted of the application of socioeconomic questionnaires and the realization of five audio-recorded sessions of the focus group. The material was organized according to the Thematic Analysis, from which the following categories emerged: close relationship and open relationship. For most participants, representations about close and open relationships proved to be plural and flexible, as agreed by the couple. Affective-sexual relationships would not only be under the aegis of institutionalized rites (dating, engagement, marriage), but would be built gradually according to satisfactory agreements

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as concepções e representações de jovens universitários de ambos os sexos, pertencentes às classes médias e de diferentes orientações sexuais, a respeito de suas relações afetivo-sexuais. Participaram 24 jovens, estudantes de universidade pública, cujas idades variaram de 18 a 30 anos, sendo 13 homens e 11 mulheres. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de questionários socioeconômicos e na realização de cinco sessões áudio-gravadas de grupo focal. O material foi organizado conforme a Análise Temática da qual emergiram as seguintes categorias: relacionamento fechado e relacionamento aberto. Para a maioria dos participantes, as representações sobre relacionamento fechado e aberto revelaram-se plurais e flexíveis conforme acordado pela dupla/casal. Os relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais não estariam apenas sob a égide de ritos institucionalizados (namoro, noivado, casamento), mas seriam construídos paulatinamente conforme acordos satisfatórios

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las concepciones y representaciones de jóvenes universitarios de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a las clases medias y de diferentes orientaciones sexuales, en cuanto a sus relaciones afectivo-sexuales. Participaron 24 jóvenes, estudiantes de una universidad pú-blica, cuyas edades variaban de 18 a 30 años, siendo 13 hombres y 11 mujeres. La recogida de datos consistió en la aplicación de cuestionarios socioeconómi- cos y la realización de cinco sesiones de focus groupgrabadas en audio. El material se organizó según el Análisis Temático del cual surgieron las siguientes categorías: relación cerrada y relación abierta. Para la mayoría de los participantes, las representaciones sobre las relaciones cerradas y abiertas resultaron ser plurales y flexibles según lo acordado por la pareja. Las relaciones afectivo-sexuales no sólo estarían bajo la égida de ritos institucionalizados (relación, noviazgo, matrimonio), sino que se construirían gradualmente según acuerdos satisfactorios

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: Infidelity is a breach of trust or a crossing of the boundaries of the primary relationship and it influences intimate relationships. It can be categorised as either sexual or emotional infidelity. In Portugal, there have been few studies on this subject using suitable instruments. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the factor structure, psychometric properties, and gender invariance of the Infidelity Scale (IS) in Portuguese adults. Method: The sample comprised 660 Portuguese adults (455 women and 205 men) between 18 and 79 years of age who had been unfaithful in their relationships. Results: The confirmatory analysis showed a structure with two factors (sexual and emotional infidelity), and good values for convergent and discriminant validity were found. The results displayed a satisfactory model fit and the non-invariance of the factor structure between women and men. Conclusion: This is the first Portuguese version of the IS, an instrument for the study of intimate relationships which contributes to the development of multicultural research.

Introducción: La infidelidad es una ruptura de la confianza que influye en las relaciones íntimas. Se puede dividir en infidelidad sexual o emocional. En Portugal, hay pocos estudios sobre este tema con medidas adecuadas. Objetivo: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la estructura factorial, las propiedades psicométricas y la invariancia de género de la Escala de Infidelidad (IS) entre adultos portugueses. Método: Se aplicó el protocolo de investigación a 660 adultos portugueses (455 mujeres y 205 hombres) de entre 18 y 79 años que fueron infieles en sus relaciones. Resultados: El análisis confirmatorio mostró una estructura con dos factores (infidelidad física y emocional), y se encontraron buenos valores de validez convergente y discriminante. Los resultados mostraron un ajuste satisfactorio del modelo y la no invariabilidad de la estructura factorial entre mujeres y hombres. Conclusión: Esta es la primera versión en portugués de la IS, como medida que permite estudiar las relaciones íntimas, contribuyendo para el desarrollo de la investigación multicultural.

RESUMO

Jealousy is an affective state activated by a perceived threat to a valued relationship by a third party. On average, males report higher distress about their partner's sexual extra-pair involvement, while females show higher emotional jealousy. These sex differences are specific to heterosexuals and to contexts with potential reproductive costs. We tested the effect of sex and sexual orientation of the individual, and sex of the partner and potential rival on sexual versus emotional jealousy. Sexual orientation was operationalized as a willingness to form long-term relationships with men, women, or both. Heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual males (N = 416) and females (N = 1328) from Brazil, Chile, and Portugal responded to the Sexual vs. Emotional Jealousy Scale and then ranked their distress to four hypothetical scenarios: sexual or emotional involvement of their partner with a male or a female rival. This is the first study to simultaneously test for an effect of self, partner, and rival sex on jealousy: bisexual individuals responded twice, about a hypothetical female and about a male partner. Individuals were most preoccupied with their partner's emotional relationship with a rival of the same sex as the respondent. Heterosexual males reported higher sexual jealousy than the other groups, but did not differ from bisexual men responding about female partners. Bisexual females were more upset by sexual extra-pair involvement of their female (versus male) partners with a male rival. Thus, jealousy was influenced by sex and sexual orientation of the individuals, sex of the partners, and also by sex of the rivals: same-sex rivals were perceived as most threatening. This suggests that besides being a strategy to maintain a primary relationship, jealousy is particularly sensitive to same-sex competitors, being an intra-sexual competition strategy.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale (PDIS) assesses how people perceive infidelity through specific behaviors. Originally developed by Wilson et al. (2011), it contains 12 items distributed into three factors: (1) ambiguous, (2) deceptive, and (3) explicit behaviors. In the present research, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the PDIS in Brazilian Portuguese were performed. First, qualitative analyses took place: translation, translation synthesis, content validation, pre-test, and reverse translation. Then, quantitative analyses were conducted: psychometric parameter tests with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. A total of 252 participants were recruited, 160 of whom were female (63.5%). The results indicated consistent PDIS adequacy (conceptual and idiomatic equivalences); satisfactory content validity coefficients regarding language clarity, practical pertinence, and theoretical relevance; and an almost perfect level of consensus regarding the theoretical dimension. The application of the pre-test was proven to be a good parameter for estimating the comprehension of the instrument in the culture for which it was intended. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good indices of adjustment quality of the tested trifactorial model (three factors being identified with ambiguous, deceptive, and explicit behaviors). Therefore, the structure indicated in the original version was corroborated and the instrument's reliability confirmed. The Brazilian Portuguese PDIS is a useful tool for evaluating infidelity perceptions in the Brazilian culture.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Although there is a large body of research addressing infidelity, no study, to our knowledge, has specifically addressed infidelity in doctors and nurses and the correlation with work hours, schedule and other variables. This research aimed to know the incidence of and factors related to infidelity among doctors and nurses. A descriptive study was carried out, studying the association of certain variables. In total, 367 volunteer participants completed an online survey. Of them, 21% either have or have had an unfaithful relationship. The majority (81.7%) were doctors. Men were 4.3 times more unfaithful than women, with these differences being statistically significant (OR = 4.37, p < 0.001). Of the participants involved in an unfaithful relationship within the work area, the majority were men. Likewise, those who reported having had sex in the doctor's room on duty were also men, with these differences being statistically significant (OR = 12.81, p < 0.01). The night emergency schedule was 60% more frequent in unfaithful people, and these differences were statistically significant (OR = 12.43, p < 0.01). There is a significant rate of infidelity in doctors and nurses. Men are more likely to be unfaithful than women are, and people who work nighttime emergencies are more likely to be unfaithful.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas del CECLA, un instrumento para evaluar celos. La prueba se realizó con base en las respuestas de las entrevistas aplicadas a una muestra clínica, que coincidieron con los planteamientos teóricos desde una perspectiva patológica. Para esto, se realizó una investigación de tipo instrumental en la que se contó con una muestra de 1218 personas que contestaron la prueba, de las cuales ocho conformaron la muestra clínica, 408 participaron en la prueba piloto, y 802 en la prueba final. Los participantes fueron hombres y mujeres con edades entre los 18 y los 71 años, de diferente estado civil, orientación sexual, nivel socioeconómico, educativo, ocupación y región de Colombia. Para la validación de contenido participaron doce expertos, ocho psicólogos clínicos y cuatro metodólogos. En definitiva, el instrumento quedó conformado por 19 ítems que evalúan tres clases de celos: pasionales, obsesivos y delirantes. La consistencia interna, la evidencia de validez mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, la estabilidad temporal, la validez convergente, el ajuste de los ítems al modelo de Rasch y la equivalencia de estos indicadores bajo los dos modelos analizados indican que el CECLA es un instrumento válido, fiable y útil para el objetivo y contexto para el cual fue elaborado.

Abstract The objective of this research was to design and analyze the psychometric properties of CECLA, an instrument to evaluate jealousy. The test was carried out based on the answers to the interviews applied to a clinical sample, which coincided with the theoretical approaches from a pathological perspective. For this purpose, an instrumental research was carried out in which a sample of 1218 people answered the test, of which eight made up the clinical sample, 408 participated in the pilot test, and 802 in the final test. The participants were men and women between the ages of 18 and 71, of different marital status, sexual orientation, socioeconomic and educational level, occupation and region of Colombia. Twelve experts, eight clinical psychologists and four methodologists participated in the validation of the content. In short, the instrument was made up of 19 items that evaluate three kinds of jealousy: passionate, obsessive and delusional. Internal consistency, evidence of validity using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, temporal stability, convergent validity, items adjustment to Rasch's model and equivalence of these indicators under the two models analyzed indicate that CECLA is a valid, reliable and useful instrument for the objective and context for which it was elaborated.

RESUMO

A maioria dos contratos de união, embora ocorram exceções, pressupõem um compromisso de fidelidade e de confiança. O impacto que a quebra deste contrato ocasiona na relação é tal, que, frequentemente, resulta na separação do casal. Até recentemente, o comportamento infiel era interpretado sob o viés da moralidade. Como resultado de um novo olhar sobre o tema, tem sido constatado um redirecionamento no processo terapêutico. O foco atual é centrado na busca de uma melhor compreensão, tanto do funcionamento individual, como do padrão de interação do casal, além dos fatores envolvidos no comportamento de infidelidade. Assim, busca-se auxiliar aos parceiros a identificar as mudanças que consideram necessárias para que permanecessem juntos, se assim o desejarem. Tem-se observado em casais sujeitos à tal situação, uma busca crescente por terapia, com o desejo de avaliar a possibilidade de reconstrução da relação. Nesse sentido, a experiência clínica tem mostrado que, após um período variável de instabilidade e sofrimento, mudanças positivas na qualidade da relação poderão advir. Entretanto, isso nem sempre ocorre, já que envolve um conjunto de fatores, entre os quais: um melhor entendimento da motivação que levou ao comportamento de infidelidade e dos aspectos a estes associados; a capacidade, de cada um dos cônjuges, de tolerar frustração; bem como o desejo sincero de cada um, de tentar dar uma nova chance ao relacionamento. É mencionada, ainda, a importância da neurociência no processo terapêutico.

The majority of couples, although exceptions may occur, include the pursuing of fidelity and trust in their particular contract, being its rupture a serious problem in relationships, that often leads to a marriage termination. Until recently, this behaviour was interpreted under a morality perspective, that was recently modified. Nowadays, the therapeutic process is focused both on a better understanding of the individual functioning and on the pattern of the couple interaction. Also, it is important to understand what has happened, in addition to the identification of changes that each one feels needed to make possible the continuity of the relationship. Under this new perspective, a growing search for help by couples has been noticed, where both partners admit the possibility of rebuilding their relationship. In this direction, the clinic experiences have been showing that, after a period of instability and suffering, positive changes in the quality of the relationship may occur. But, this is not what always happens, as a successful reestablishment of a marital relationship requires the presence of some fundamental factors, such as: the understanding of what has led to the infidelity and of some factors envolved in the unfaithful behaviour; the couple's ability in tolerating frustration; as well as the genuine desire of both partners, to try to give a chance to the relationship. The importance of neuroscience in the therapeutic process is also referred to.

RESUMO

In the last decade, studies in bird breeding biology have shown that infidelity is prevalent in socially monogamous species. Here, we describe an extra-pair copulation (EPC) event in the Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus), a socially monogamous bird with year-round territoriality and low levels of extra-pair paternity. Before the EPC, a within-pair copulation (WPC) occurred inside the pairs territory. The WPC occurred on the ground and between a banded male (ca. 6 years-old) and an unbanded female. Ten minutes later this breeding pair invaded a neighboring territory, presumably to forage. The territorial male was chased back to its territory by an unbanded male neighbor after being detected. The male neighbor was paired with an unbanded female that did not participate in the aggressive interaction. When flying back to its territory the male neighbor copulated with the territorial female on the ground (ie. EPC). The territorial male flew, vocalized, and perched above the male neighbor, interrupting the EPC. The aggressive interaction then ceased as each pair resumed foraging in their respective territories. These observations suggest that Rufous Horneros can use EPC to obtain immediate benefits (food access in a neighbors territory). Moreover, WPC may be detected by neighbors and physical mate guarding and/or frequent WPC may be necessary to prevent EPC in the Rufous Hornero.(AU)

Assuntos