RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the continuous infusion of cefepime with the intermittent infusion in patients with sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). METHODS: Randomized 1:1 multicenter double-blinded placebo-controlled study with allocation concealment; multicenter study in the intensive care units of Colombia. Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock, and GNB-suspected bacteremia. Cefepime was administered for 7 to 14 days over 30 m intermittently every 8 h over 24 h plus continuous saline solution (0.9%) (G1) or 3 g administered continuously plus saline solution every 8 h (0.9%) (G2). The percentage of clinical response at 3, 7, and 14 days, relapse at 28 days, and mortality at discharge were measured. RESULTS: The recruitment was stopped at the suggestion of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) following an FDA alert about cefepime. Thirty-two patients were randomized; 25 received the intervention, and GNB bacteremia was confirmed in 16 (9 G1 and 7 G2). Favorable clinical response in days 3, 7, and 14 was 88.8%, 88.8%, and 77.8% (G1) and was similar for G2 (85.7%). There were no relapses or deaths in G2, while in G1, one relapse and two deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the use of cefepime for the treatment of Gram-negative infections in critically ill patients, but we could not demonstrate differences between continuous or intermittent administration because of the small sample size, given the early suspension of the study.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate the content of an algorithm for planning intravenous medication administration in infants. Method: this is a methodological study of technology development and validity. A scoping review was carried out, which supported the creation of an algorithm by the researchers and its subsequent validity by 13 expert nurses, which took place between November 2021 and March 2022. Items with a Content Validity Index ≥ 0.8 were considered acceptable. Results: thirty-one references were included in the scoping review, organized into five categories: "recommendation for intravenous access", "polypharmacy-related care", "care prior to intravenous medication administration", "venous catheter handling-related care" and "medication infusion-related care". This division supported the algorithm development, which was validated after three rounds, with an overall Content Validity Index of the instrument of 0.91. Conclusion: algorithm validity indicates reliability and accuracy of its content.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar y validar el contenido de un algoritmo para la planificación de la administración de medicamentos intravenosos en neonatos. Método: se trata de un estudio metodológico de desarrollo y validación de tecnología. Se realizó una revisión de alcance que apoyó la creación del algoritmo por parte de los investigadores y su posterior validación por 13 enfermeras especialistas, que se llevó a cabo entre noviembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Se consideraron aceptables los ítems con un Índice de Validez de Contenido ≥ 0,8. Resultados: se incluyeron 31 referencias en la revisión de alcance, organizadas en cinco categorías: "indicación de acceso intravenoso", "cuidados relacionados con la polifarmacia", "cuidados previos a la administración de medicamentos intravenosos", "cuidados relacionados con la manipulación del catéter venoso" y "cuidados relacionados con la infusión de medicamentos". Esta división apoyó el desarrollo del algoritmo, que fue validado después de tres rondas, con un Índice de Validez de Contenido global del instrumento de 0,91. Conclusión: la validación del algoritmo indica confiabilidad y precisión de su contenido.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar o conteúdo de um algoritmo para o planejamento da administração de medicamentos intravenosos em neonatos. Método: estudo metodológico de elaboração e de validação de tecnologia. Foi realizada a revisão de escopo que subsidiou a elaboração do algoritmo pelas pesquisadoras e sua posterior validação por 13 enfermeiros especialistas, a qual ocorreu entre novembro de 2021 e março de 2022. Foram considerados aceitáveis os itens com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0,8. Resultados: foram incluídas 31 referências na revisão de escopo, organizadas em cinco categorias: "indicação de acesso intravenoso", "cuidados relacionados à polifarmácia", "cuidados prévios à administração de medicamentos intravenosos", "cuidados relacionados à manipulação do cateter venoso" e "cuidados relacionados à infusão de medicamentos". Essa divisão subsidiou a elaboração do algoritmo, que foi validado após três rodadas, com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo geral do instrumento de 0,91. Conclusão: a validação do algoritmo indica confiabilidade e precisão do seu conteúdo.

RESUMO

Introdução: Dentre as diversas áreas de sua competência, a Farmácia Hospitalar é responsável pela promoção e monitoramento do uso seguro de medicamentos. Objetivo: Investigar erros de prescrição, de dose, de preparo e desperdício de antimicrobianos distribuídos de forma individualizada para pacientes de UTI-Neonatal na Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, retrospectiva, fundamentada na pesquisa-ação, tendo como recorte temporal o período de novembro de 2021 a janeiro 2022. As variáveis relacionadas aos medicamentos foram comparadas ao protocolo de prescrição do NEOFAX®. Resultado: O estudo envolveu 76 pacientes e analisou 213 prescrições que envolveram 341 antimicrobianos, dos quais, 280 (82%) dos antimicrobianos prescritos não apresentavam clareza quanto às instruções de preparo e 98 (29%) apresentaram as doses em desacordo com o NEOFAX®. Os itens de maior dúvida foram quanto à estabilidade após o preparo: 341 (100%); quanto ao volume final após preparo 341 (100%) e quanto a técnica de preparo 266 (78%). Do total de pacientes, 32 (42%) eram de muito baixo peso, seguidos de 26 (34%) de extremo baixo peso, e 18 (24%) de baixo peso. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos no estudo subsidiaram a implantação de uma central de misturas intravenosas na instituição estudada.

Introduction: Among the various areas of its competence, the Hospital Pharmacy is responsible for promoting and monitoring the safe use of medicines. Objective: To investigate errors in prescribing, dosage, preparation and waste of antimicrobials distributed individually to neonatal ICU patients at Santa Casa de Misericórdia Foundation of Pará. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, based on action research, with a time frame of November 2021 to January 2022. The variables related to medications were compared to the NEOFAX® prescription protocol. Results: The study involved 76 patients and analyzed 213 prescriptions involving 341 antimicrobials. Of these, 280 (82%) of the prescribed antimicrobials were unclear regarding preparation instructions and 98 (29%) had doses in disagreement with NEOFAX®. The most doubtful items were about stability after preparation: 341 (100%); about the final volume after preparation 341 (100%) and about the preparation technique 266 (78%). Of the total number of patients, 32 (42%) were very low weight, followed by 26 (34%) extreme low weight, and 18 (24%) low weight. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study supported the implementation of an IV mixing center at the studied institution.

Introducción: Entre varias áreas de su competencia, la Farmacia Hospitalaria es responsable de promover y vigilar el uso seguro de los medicamentos. Objetivo: Investigar errores de prescripción, dosificación, preparación y desperdicio de antimicrobianos distribuidos de forma individualizada para pacientes de UCI neonatal en la Fundación Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Pará. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, retrospectiva, fundamentada na pesquisa-ação, tendo como recorte temporal o período de novembro de 2021 a janeiro 2022. Las variables relacionadas con la medicación se compararon con el protocolo de prescripción NEOFAX®. Resultados: El estudio involucró 76 pacientes y analizó 213 prescripciones que involucraron 341 antimicrobianos, de los cuales, 280 (82%) de los antimicrobianos prescritos no eran claros en cuanto a las instrucciones de preparación y 98 (29%) presentaban las dosis en desacuerdo con el NEOFAX®. Los ítems de mayor duda fueron sobre la estabilidad tras la preparación: 341 (100%); sobre el volumen final tras la preparación 341 (100%) y sobre la técnica de preparación 266 (78%). Del total de pacientes, 32 (42%) eran de muy bajo peso, seguidos de 26 (34%) de bajo peso extremo y 18 (24%) de bajo peso. Conclusión: Los datos obtenidos en el estudio subsidian la implementación de un centro de mezclas intravenosas en la institución estudiada.

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El catéter midline o de línea media (CM) es un dispositivo de acceso vascular que mide de 6 a 20cm, con la punta del dispositivo ubicado en venas basílica, braquial o cefálica debajo del pliegue axilar. El catéter de línea media se caracteriza por ser un acceso confiable y proporcionar menores complicaciones que un catéter intravenoso periférico corto. Este tipo de dispositivo vascular se ha utilizado ampliamente en adultos, pero faltan estudios desarrollados en el área neonatal. OBJETIVO: fue describir las características de la utilización de catéter midline con técnica adaptada en recién nacidos hospitalizados con necesidad de terapia intravascular en un hospital público de Chile, durante 2 años de seguimiento. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva, estuvo orientada a la identificación de las variables relacionadas a: tiempo de permanencia, características de la terapia intravascular, sitio de inserción, complicaciones y causa de retiro. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo conformada por 163 usuarios entre 24 y 41 semanas de edad gestacional, peso de nacimiento en un rango de 500 y 4880 gramos. El 87,7% se retiró por término de tratamiento intravascular, mientras que el 12,3% del total de los CM presentó complicaciones. El promedio de rendimiento del CM fue de 7,99 días, el sitio de inserción más frecuente correspondió a extremidad superior derecha, mientras que su utilización estuvo dada principalmente para fleboterapia, antibióticos y nutrición parenteral periférica. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que el CM con técnica adaptada en usuarios neonatales presenta una alta tasa de éxito para completar la terapia intravascular periférica y bajo porcentaje de complicaciones.

INTRODUCTION: The midline catheter (MC) is a vascular access device measuring 6 to 20cm, with the tip of the device located in the basilic, brachial or cephalic veins below the axillary crease. The midline catheter is characterized as a reliable access and provides fewer complications than a short peripheral intravenous catheter. This type of vascular device has been widely used in adults, but studies developed in the neonatal area are lacking. OBJECTIVE: to describe the characteristics of the use of midline catheter with adapted technique in hospitalized newborns in need of intravascular therapy in a public hospital in Chile, during 2 years of follow-up. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive and retrospective research was oriented to the identification of variables related to: length of stay, characteristics of intravascular therapy, site of insertion, complications and cause of withdrawal. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 163 users between 24 and 41 weeks of gestational age, birth weight in the range of 500 and 4880 grams. Eighty-seven point seven percent were withdrawn due to the end of intravascular treatment, while 12.3% of the total MC presented complications. The average MC performance was 7.99 days, the most frequent insertion site corresponded to the right upper extremity, while its use was mainly for phlebotherapy, antibiotics and peripheral parenteral parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSION: The MC with adapted technique in neonatal users presents a high success rate to complete peripheral intravascular therapy and a low percentage of complications.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM) patients are treated with antidepressants, and in most cases, these drugs lose efficacy or present side effects. Intravenous lidocaine (IL) is an anesthetic drug used in some FM trials. AIM: To systematically review the safety and efficacy of IL in FM patients. METHODS: To systematically search PubMed for articles in English, Spanish, and Japanese with English Abstracts on FM and lidocaine between 1966 and February 2021. This study was registered at PROSPERO. RESULTS: We found only ten articles published in this field, with a total of 461 patients. Females predominated varying from 95% to 100% in the studies. Age varied from 40.9 to 55 years old. Disease duration varied from 1 mo to 6.4 years. Lidocaine dose varied from 2 to 7.5 mg/kg via intravenous infusion. Follow-up period varied from 65.7 to 90 days. Regarding outcomes, most studies used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain; before short-term lidocaine administration, VAS was between 6.1 and 8.1 and after treatment was between 1.7 and 4.5 mm. Concerning long term lidocaine, VAS varied from 30% to 35.4% after lidocaine infusion. Side effects were observed in 0% to 39.6% of cases, they were usually mild or moderate. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the short-term effectiveness and safety of intravenous lidocaine in FM patients. However, more studies, including long-term follow-up, are still needed.

RESUMO

Introduction: Pediatric oncology patients have a limited number of venous access routes and need a large number of drugs during hospitalization. This study evaluates potential medication incompatibilities (MI) in pediatric oncology prescriptions and identifies possible factors associated with the risk of their occurrence. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated prescriptions from a tertiary universitary hospital from December 2014 to December 2015. The association between variables and the risk of potential incompatibilities between drugs was determined by Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square, considering p < 0.05 significant. The odds ratio was calculated considering a 95% confidence interval for each drug. Results: 385 prescriptions were evaluated. The mean age of 124 patients was 9.22 years old (SD = ± 5.10), and 50.65% were male. The most frequent diagnosis and reason for hospitalization were leukemia (27.30%) and chemotherapy (36.10%). The totally implantable catheter was the most commonly used venous access (61.30%). In 87.5% of prescriptions, there was the possibility of MI, and 2108 incompatibilities were found, considering 300 different combinations between two drugs. Age, diagnosis, reason for hospitalization, and type of venous access were risk factors for potential incompatibilities (p < 0.05). The following drugs present higher risk of potential incompatibilities: leucovorin, sodium bicarbonate, cefepime, diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, hydrocortisone, and ondansetron, with a significant odds ratio. Conclusion: The possibility of MI in prescriptions for pediatric oncology patients is frequent. Thus, the identification of risk factors may contribute to patient safety and to the rational use of drugs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Relatar a construção de uma tecnologia para orientação da equipe de enfermagem em relação ao preparo e administração de medicamentos injetáveis usados no contexto hospitalar. Método: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, de abordagem metodológica sobre o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia de processo para o preparo e administração de medicamentos injetáveis, seguindo-se três passos metodológicos: diagnóstico situacional; revisões de literatura; elaboração dos textos, ilustrações, layout e design. Resultados: Provocou-se transformações educacionais, assistenciais e gerenciais relacionadas à gestão de riscos e gestão dos cuidados de enfermagem. Conclusão: O trabalho esteve em conformidade com a Organização Mundial de Saúde ao desenvolver tecnologia para fortalecer o sistema de saúde, extrapolou o objetivo inicial de orientar a enfermagem e passou a alcançar outras categorias profissionais. Fomentou a necessidade de mais pesquisas e ações na área devido importância, complexidade e abrangência do tema. (AU)

Objective: To report the construction of a technology to guide the nursing team in relation to the preparation and administration of injectable drugs used in the hospital context. Methods: Descriptive study, of the experience report type, with a methodological approach on the development of a process technology for the preparation and administration of injectable drugs, following three methodological steps: situational diagnosis; literature reviews; elaboration of texts, illustrations, layout and design. Results: Educational, care and management changes related to risk management and nursing care management were brought about. Conclusion: The work was in accordance with the World Health Organization when developing technology to strengthen the health system, went beyond the initial objective of guiding nursing and went on to reach other professional categories. Fostered the need for more research and actions in the area importance, complexity and scope of the theme. (AU)

Objetivo: Informar la construcción de una tecnología que oriente al equipo de enfermería en relación a la preparación y administración de medicamentos inyectables utilizados en el contexto hospitalario. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia, con enfoque metodológico sobre el desarrollo de una tecnología de proceso para la preparación y administración de medicamentos inyectables, siguiendo tres pasos metodológicos: diagnóstico situacional; criticas literarias; elaboración de textos, ilustraciones, maquetación y diseño. Resultados: Se produjeron cambios educativos, asistenciales y gerenciales relacionados con la gestión de riesgos y la gestión del cuidado de enfermería. Conclusión: El trabajo fue acorde con la Organización Mundial de la Salud al desarrollar tecnología para fortalecer el sistema de salud, fue más allá del objetivo inicial de orientar la enfermería y pasó a llegar a otras categorías profesionales. Fomentó la necesidad de más investigaciones y acciones en el área. importancia, complejidad y alcance del tema. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective: to elaborate and validate the content and appearance of an algorithm for treating infiltration and extravasation of non-chemotherapy drugs and solutions administered to children. Method: a methodological study of the technology formulation and validation type. To elaborate the algorithm, a bibliographic review was carried out to list the scientific evidence on the treatment of infiltration and extravasation. Content and appearance validation was in charge of 14 specialists in pediatric nursing, using the Delphi technique, adopting a value equal to or greater than 0.80 as Content Validation Index. Results: the algorithm was validated in the third evaluation by the judges, reaching a Global Content Validation Index of 0.99, being composed by the perception of the occurrence of the complication; discontinuation of intravenous therapy infusion; verification of signs and symptoms; measurement of edema; application of an infiltration and extravasation assessment scale and conduits to be used according to the characteristics of the fluid administered and the type of complication. Conclusion: the algorithm was validated and can be used in a practical and objective way by health professionals, in order to promote safety in the care of hospitalized children, with regard to reducing harms caused by infiltration and extravasation.

Objetivo: elaborar e validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um algoritmo para tratamento de infiltração e extravasamento de medicamentos não quimioterápicos e soluções administradas em crianças. Método: estudo metodológico do tipo elaboração e validação de tecnologia. Para elaboração do algoritmo, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica para elencar as evidências científicas sobre o tratamento de infiltração e extravasamento. A validação do conteúdo e aparência ocorreu com 14 especialistas em enfermagem pediátrica, a partir da técnica Delphi, adotando-se como Índice de Validação de Conteúdo desejável os valores iguais ou superiores a 0,80. Resultados: o algoritmo foi validado na terceira avaliação pelos juízes, atingindo Índice de Validação de Conteúdo Global de 0,99, sendo composto por percepção da ocorrência da complicação; descontinuação da infusão da terapia intravenosa; verificação dos sinais e sintomas; mensuração do edema; aplicação de escala de avaliação de infiltração e extravasamento e condutas a serem utilizadas mediante a característica do fluido administrado e tipo de complicação. Conclusão: o algoritmo foi validado e pode ser usado de maneira prática e objetiva pelos profissionais de saúde, com o intuito de promover a segurança no cuidado da criança hospitalizada, no que tange à redução de danos provocados pela infiltração e extravasamento.

Objetivo: desarrollar y validar el contenido y la apariencia de un algoritmo para el tratamiento de la infiltración y extravasación de medicamentos no quimioterápicos y soluciones administrados a niños. Método: estudio metodológico de formulación y validación de tecnología. Para la elaboración del algoritmo, se realizó una revisión de la literatura para enumerar la evidencia científica sobre el tratamiento de la infiltración y extravasación. La validación de contenido y apariencia se dio con 14 especialistas en enfermería pediátrica, utilizando la técnica Delphi, adoptando como Índice de Validación de Contenido deseable valores iguales o superiores a 0,80. Resultados: el algoritmo fue validado en la tercera evaluación por los jueces, alcanzando un Índice de Validación de Contenido Global de 0,99, compuesto por la percepción de la existencia de la complicación; interrupción de la infusión de terapia intravenosa; verificación de signos y síntomas; medición del edema; aplicación de escala de evaluación de infiltración y extravasación y conducta según las características del líquido administrado y el tipo de complicación. Conclusión: el algoritmo ha sido validado y puede ser utilizado de forma práctica y objetiva por los profesionales de la salud, con el fin de promover la seguridad en la atención de los niños hospitalizados, en lo que respecta a la reducción de los daños causados por infiltración y extravasación.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Descrever características demográficas, clínicas, da terapia intravenosa prévia e cateterização intravenosa periférica em crianças com câncer e insucesso do procedimento. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal, realizado com 18 crianças com insucesso da punção intravenosa periférica, internadas na clínica oncológica pediátrica do Hospital Estadual da Criança, em Feira de Santana-Bahia, entre Abril de 2015 e Dezembro de 2016. Resultados:evidenciou-se o insucesso em 11,7% das crianças. A maioria tinha 01 a 49 meses, pardas, sexo masculino, eutróficas, e o principal motivo de insucesso foi transfixação da veia. Os fatores predisponentes relativos ao insucesso foram história de dificuldade de inserção de cateter intravenoso periférico, complicação anterior à terapia intravenosa, internação anterior e antecedente de infiltração. Conclusão: o percentual de insucesso da punção intravenosa periférica é semelhante aos valores encontrados em estudos sobre o contexto, relacionado com o perfil das crianças, a terapia utilizada, e os fatores predisponentes

Objective:To describe demographic, clinical, prior intravenous therapy and peripheral intravenous catheterization characteristics in children with cancer and procedural failure. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 18 children with peripheral intravenous puncture failure hospitalized at the pediatric oncology clinic of Hospital Estadual da Criança, in Feira de Santana-Bahia, between April 2015 and December 2016 Results: failure was observed in 11.7% of the children. The majority were 01 to 49 months, brown, male, eutrophic, and the main reason for failure was transfixation of the vein. The predisposing factors related to failure were a history of difficulty in insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheter, a complication prior to intravenous therapy, previous hospitalization and previous infiltration. Conclusion:the percentage of failure of the peripheral intravenous puncture is similar to the values found in studies on the context, related to the profile of the children, the therapy used, and the predisposing factors

Objetivo: Describir características demográficas, clínicas, de la terapia intravenosa previa y cateterización intravenosa periférica en niños con cáncer y fracaso del procedimiento. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo transversal, realizado con 18 niños con fracaso de la punción intravenosa periférica, internados en la clínica oncológica pediátrica del Hospital Estadual del Niño, en Feira de Santana-Bahía, entre abril de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Resultados: se evidenció el fracaso en el 11,7% de los niños. La mayoría tenía entre 01 y 49 meses, pardas, sexo masculino, eutróficas, y el principal motivo de fracaso fue la transfixación de la vena. Los factores predisponentes relativos al fracaso fueron historia de dificultad de inserción de catéter intravenoso periférico, complicación anterior a la terapia intravenosa, internación anterior y antecedente de infiltración. Conclusión: el porcentaje de fracaso de la punción intravenosa periférica es similar a los valores encontrados en estudios sobre el contexto, relacionado con el perfil de los niños, la terapia utilizada, y los factores predisponentes

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To determine the physical intravenous Y-site compatibility of 19 commonly used medications at pediatric concentrations with 3 different types of lipid emulsion. METHODS: Medications at commonly used pediatric concentrations were mixed in a 1:1 ratio with lipid emulsions (Intralipid, Nutrilipid, and Smoflipid) and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours to simulate Y-site administration. Each sample was then diluted with particle-free water and analyzed using the analytical technique of light obscuration recommended in United States Pharmacopeia (USP) general information chapter 729 (USP <729>). Physical compatibility was determined by measuring the percentage of fat residing in globules larger than 5 µm (PFAT5) per USP <729> recommendations. RESULTS: Most combinations tested were physically compatible based on USP <729> regulations. Incompatibilities differed for the different brands of lipid emulsion. The two combinations that met USP <729> criteria for physical incompatibility were cisatracurium 2 mg/mL with Intralipid and gentamicin 2 mg/mL with Smoflipid. CONCLUSION: Three different lipid emulsions were physically compatible at the Y site with the majority of medications tested. Data regarding Y-site compatibility for one lipid emulsion product cannot be safely extrapolated to another without additional testing.

Assuntos