RESUMO

Crisis hotlines are direct communication systems, usually telephone-based, set up to prevent suicide. However, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The present study aims to perform a systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, of the effectiveness of interventions through direct communication systems to reduce the number of suicides or suicide attempts. We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO, and ClinicaTrials.gov databases, and used the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence classification. The literature search yielded 267 studies, of which 35 fulfilled the selection criteria. Although significant heterogeneity was found among studies, there is evidence that direct telephone interventions are effective when included in broader preventive protocols and provided by trained staff. Despite the limitations, which included heterogeneity of samples, designs, and outcome measures, we were able to design a protocol for the use of remote services to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. A hotline or similar system could be an effective intervention for broader suicide prevention programs. However, further research is necessary to specify which protocol components are key to enhance effectiveness. Systematic review registry number: PROSPERO CRD42020206517

RESUMO

Crisis hotlines are direct communication systems, usually telephone-based, set up to prevent suicide. However, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The present study aims to perform a systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, of the effectiveness of interventions through direct communication systems to reduce the number of suicides or suicide attempts. We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO, and ClinicaTrials.gov databases, and used the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence classification. The literature search yielded 267 studies, of which 35 fulfilled the selection criteria. Although significant heterogeneity was found among studies, there is evidence that direct telephone interventions are effective when included in broader preventive protocols and provided by trained staff. Despite the limitations, which included heterogeneity of samples, designs, and outcome measures, we were able to design a protocol for the use of remote services to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. A hotline or similar system could be an effective intervention for broader suicide prevention programs. However, further research is necessary to specify which protocol components are key to enhance effectiveness.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A violência intrafamiliar precoce, crônica e recorrente pode levar ao desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais, incluindo o Transtorno de Estresse Pós- Traumático (TEPT) e o Trauma Complexo. Os efeitos da exposição à violência intrafamiliar comumente não são limitados à infância e à adolescência, podendo impactar o funcionamento psicológico, social e ocupacional na vida adulta. As intervenções com maior eficácia para esses casos envolvem psicoterapia individual (psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental) e psicoterapia familiar (sistêmica e cognitivo-comportamental). Na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental-sistêmica, a técnica da linha de vida pode se caracterizar como uma estratégia útil na avaliação do curso temporal da exposição a eventos estressores, bem como das respostas adaptativas e desadaptativas dos diferentes membros do sistema familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um processo de psicoterapia familiar breve com o uso da técnica da linha de vida em uma família exposta a múltiplas situações de violência intrafamiliar como estratégia terapêutica.(AU)

Intrafamily violence when precocious, chronic and recurrent may lead to the development of mental disorders, including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Trauma. The effects of exposure to intrafamily violence commonly are not limited to childhood and adolescence, and may impact psychological, social and occupational functioning in adulthood. The most effortful intervention to these cases involves individual psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy) and family psychotherapy (systemic and cognitive-behavioral). In the cognitive-behavioral-systemic approach, the lifeline technique can be characterized as a useful strategy in the evaluation of the temporal course of the exposure to stressor events, as well as the adaptive and maladaptive answers from the members of the family system. The aim of this paper is to present a brief family psychotherapy process with a family exposed to multiple situations of intrafamily violence with the use of lifeline’s technique as a therapeutic approach.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Intrafamily violence when precocious, chronic and recurrent may lead to the development of mental disorders, including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Trauma. The effects of exposure to intrafamily violence commonly are not limited to childhood and adolescence, and may impact psychological, social and occupational functioning in adulthood. The most effortful intervention to these cases involves individual psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy) and family psychotherapy (systemic and cognitive-behavioral). In the cognitive-behavioral-systemic approach, the lifeline technique can be characterized as a useful strategy in the evaluation of the temporal course of the exposure to stressor events, as well as the adaptive and maladaptive answers from the members of the family system. The aim of this paper is to present a brief family psychotherapy process with a family exposed to multiple situations of intrafamily violence with the use of lifeline’s technique as a therapeutic approach.(AU)

A violência intrafamiliar precoce, crônica e recorrente pode levar ao desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais, incluindo o Transtorno de Estresse Pós- Traumático (TEPT) e o Trauma Complexo. Os efeitos da exposição à violência intrafamiliar comumente não são limitados à infância e à adolescência, podendo impactar o funcionamento psicológico, social e ocupacional na vida adulta. As intervenções com maior eficácia para esses casos envolvem psicoterapia individual (psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental) e psicoterapia familiar (sistêmica e cognitivo-comportamental). Na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental-sistêmica, a técnica da linha de vida pode se caracterizar como uma estratégia útil na avaliação do curso temporal da exposição a eventos estressores, bem como das respostas adaptativas e desadaptativas dos diferentes membros do sistema familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um processo de psicoterapia familiar breve com o uso da técnica da linha de vida em uma família exposta a múltiplas situações de violência intrafamiliar como estratégia terapêutica.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A violência intrafamiliar precoce, crônica e recorrente pode levar ao desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais, incluindo o Transtorno de Estresse Pós- Traumático (TEPT) e o Trauma Complexo. Os efeitos da exposição à violência intrafamiliar comumente não são limitados à infância e à adolescência, podendo impactar o funcionamento psicológico, social e ocupacional na vida adulta. As intervenções com maior eficácia para esses casos envolvem psicoterapia individual (psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental) e psicoterapia familiar (sistêmica e cognitivo-comportamental). Na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental-sistêmica, a técnica da linha de vida pode se caracterizar como uma estratégia útil na avaliação do curso temporal da exposição a eventos estressores, bem como das respostas adaptativas e desadaptativas dos diferentes membros do sistema familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um processo de psicoterapia familiar breve com o uso da técnica da linha de vida em uma família exposta a múltiplas situações de violência intrafamiliar como estratégia terapêutica.

Intrafamily violence when precocious, chronic and recurrent may lead to the development of mental disorders, including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Trauma. The effects of exposure to intrafamily violence commonly are not limited to childhood and adolescence, and may impact psychological, social and occupational functioning in adulthood. The most effortful intervention to these cases involves individual psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy) and family psychotherapy (systemic and cognitive-behavioral). In the cognitive-behavioral-systemic approach, the lifeline technique can be characterized as a useful strategy in the evaluation of the temporal course of the exposure to stressor events, as well as the adaptive and maladaptive answers from the members of the family system. The aim of this paper is to present a brief family psychotherapy process with a family exposed to multiple situations of intrafamily violence with the use of lifeline’s technique as a therapeutic approach.

Assuntos