RESUMO
O aumento da longevidade humana veio acompanhado de uma maior preocupação com os hábitos alimentares e de uma banalização das dietas prescritas, favorecendo um contexto de medicalização da comida, no qual a fronteira entre alimento e medicamento fica imprecisa. Isto tem sido usado mercadologicamente pelas indústrias alimentícias, farmacêuticas e de suplementos alimentares. Este artigo visa discutir como o ecossistema publicitário contemporâneo e a ciberpublicidade são utilizados para naturalizar a presença de suplementos e medicamentos na dieta cotidiana. Usou-se como estudo de caso uma campanha publicitária vietnamita, em que um comprimido foi posicionado como ingrediente culinário. A partir de outros casos descritos na literatura, discutem-se os resultados encontrados no contexto ocidental. Nas considerações finais, apresentam-se alguns desafios regulatórios; apontam-se perspectivas para pesquisas futuras; e defende-se a educação como elemento fundamental para a construção de uma sociedade em que a saúde seja valorizada e exigida como bem coletivo e direito de todos
As human longevity increases, a greater concern with eating habits is visible. Furthermore, the number of people who trivialize prescribed diets increases. This context favors the medicalization of food, in which the boundary between food and medicine is blurred. Industries take advantage of this situation to promote several products. This article discusses how the contemporary advertising ecosystem and the cyber advertising techniques are used to naturalize the presence of supplements and medications in the daily diet. We used as a case study a Vietnamese campaign, in which a tablet was positioned as a culinary ingredient. Based on other cases described in the literature, the results found in the Western context are discussed. In the last section, some regulatory challenges are presented, prospects for future research are pointed out, and education is defended as fundamental for the development of citizens who value Public Health as a collective good and a right of all
El aumento de la longevidad humana ha venido acompañado de una mayor preocupación por los hábitos alimentarios y de una banalización de las dietas prescritas, favoreciendo un contexto de medicalización de la alimentación, en el que la frontera entre alimento y medicamento se esfuma. Esto viene siendo utilizado comercialmente por industrias alimentarias, farmacéuticas y de complementos alimenticios. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de discutir como el ecosistema publicitario contemporáneo y la publicidad cibernética son usados para naturalizar la presencia de suplementos y medicamentos en la dieta diaria. Se utilizó como estudio de caso una campaña publicitaria vietnamita, en la que se posicionó un comprimido como ingrediente culinario. Con base en otros casos descritos en la literatura, se discuten los resultados encontrados en el contexto occidental. En las reflexiones finales, se presentan algunos desafíos regulatorios; se señalan perspectivas para futuras investigaciones; y la educación es defendida como elemento fundamental para la construcción de una sociedad en la que se valore y exija la salud como bien colectivo y derecho de todos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Dietoterapia , Comportamento Alimentar , Longevidade , Indústria Alimentícia , Saúde Pública , PublicidadeRESUMO
Resumen Este estudio evaluó la eficacia de un programa de alfabetización en medios (AM) para promover la satisfacción corporal y la alimentación saludable en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de edad. Es un estudio cuantitativo, cuasiexperimental y longitudinal, con preprueba y postprueba. Participaron 30 mujeres adolescentes de 12-15 años de edad, asignadas aleatoriamente a una de dos condiciones: programa de AM (n = 16) y grupo control en lista de espera (n = 14). Las participantes completaron, en preprueba y postprueba, el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la Apariencia Física (SATAQ-3), el Cuestionario de Evitación de la Imagen Corporal (BIAQ) y el Cuestionario de Comportamiento Alimentario (CCA). Hubo una disminución en las puntuaciones obtenidas por el grupo con intervención. Las participantes reportaron comparar menos su cuerpo con relación al cuerpo de las personas que son atléticas (F = 4.17, p = .05), las participantes también consideraron, al finalizar la intervención, que las personas famosas no son una fuente importante de información sobre la moda y sobre cómo ser atractiva (F = 6.87, p = .01). Los programas de AM son herramientas socioeducativas útiles para prevenir la insatisfacción corporal y los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo, así como para promover conductas saludables.
Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of a media literacy (ML) program to promote body satisfaction and healthy eating in adolescents from 12 to 15 years old. The study is quantitative, quasi-experimental and longitudinal study, with pre-test and final post-test. Participated 30 female adolescents aged from 12 to 15 years old, randomly assigned to one of two conditions: ML program (n = 16) and control group on the waiting list (n = 14), who answered the Attitudes to the Physical Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3), the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) and the Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CCA). The participants reported comparing their body less with respect to the body of people who are athletic (F = 4.17, p = .05), the participants also considered, at the end of the intervention, that famous people are not an important source of information about fashion and how to be attractive (F = 6.87, p = .01). ML programs are useful socio-educational tools to prevent problems such as dissatisfaction with body image and risky eating behaviors, or to promote healthy behaviors.
RESUMO
Nowadays, people spend long periods on social media, ignoring the implications this carries in daily life. In this context, the concept of social media literacy, an emerging concept scarcely developed in the literature, is relevant. This study sought to analyze, descriptively, the main definitions and competences of the concept of social media literacy. The methodology included a systematic search of literature in the databases Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus between 2010 and 2021, applying filters for English and Spanish, including only scientific articles. A total of 1093 articles were obtained. An article selection process took place, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 15 articles being selected. The findings indicate that the concept of social media literacy is based on media literacy to then integrate the characteristics and the implications of digital platforms. This is linked to the development of cognitive competences, where critical thinking, socio-emotional competences, and technical competences are fundamental, considering the social context. The development of socio-emotional competences stands out since social media are a frequent place of interaction between people.
Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde , Mídias Sociais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Letramento em Saúde/métodos , Humanos , Meio Social , PensamentoRESUMO
The Covid-19 pandemic has emphasized the role of educational management information systems (EMIS) for quality management (QM) in higher education, and set new directions for post-pandemic studies. Successful implementation of QM processes depends largely on managers' perceptions about quality and educational technology. However, higher education managers' profiles regarding these quality perceptions and their EMIS acceptance have been insufficiently investigated so far. In response to this research gap, we identified such profiles based on a quantitative survey of N = 70 managers from Chilean higher education institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. A cluster analysis revealed three distinct manager types: "Elders" (oldest participants, almost equally distributed across positions, with least frequent EMIS access, moderate EMIS acceptance, and highest QM perceptions), "Mediators" (in operational and middle-management positions, with moderately frequent access to EMIS, and lowest EMIS acceptance and QM perceptions), and "Working Bees" (younger females in operational positions, with most frequent EMIS access, highest EMIS acceptance, and moderate QM perceptions). Knowledge of these profiles may enable customized training in the recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic.
RESUMO
Introducción: Los patrones de belleza establecidos por la sociedad y difundidos por los medios de comunicación han ocasionado que los adolescentes presenten trastornos alimentarios; por lo que se desarrollan estrategias de prevención para contrarrestar dicha problemática. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa de prevención universal de trastornos alimentarios en estudiantes de una secundaria del Estado de México. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de corte longitudinal, la muestra estuvo conformada por cinco grupos de intervención (n = 183) y un grupo control (n = 38), a los que se les aplicó el test de actitudes alimentarias (EAT-23), el test se aplicó antes y después de la intervención de un programa nutricional. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas entre la preprueba y la posprueba del grupo con intervención. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la subescala de patrones y estilos alimentarios (t = 1,94, p = 0,05) y en las preguntas de me gusta comer con otras personas y siento que los alimentos controlan mi vida, se vieron cambios positivos en ambas preguntas. Conclusiones: Los programas interactivos generan mayores resultados que aquellos que se basan en la transmisión de conocimientos, de ahí que se deban desarrollar programas específicos para la alfabetización de los medios de comunicación y así generar una actitud crítica ante la presión que ejercen la publicidad y la moda(AU)
Introduction: Beauty patterns established by society and disseminated by the media have caused that adolescents present eating disorders; therefore, prevention strategies are developed to counteract this problem. Objective: Evaluate the effect of a universal prevention program of eating disorders in students from a junior high school in the State of Mexico. Methods: Quantitative longitudinal study. The sample consisted of five intervention groups (n = 183) and a control group (n = 38), to which the dietary attitudes test (EAT-23) was applied. The test was applied before and after the intervention of a nutritional program. Student's t-test was used for samples related to pre-testing and post-testing of the intervention group. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the subscale of eating patterns and styles (t = 1.94, p = 0.05) and in the questions ¨I like to eat with other people¨ and I feel that food controls my life¨, positive changes were seen in both questions. Conclusions: Interactive programs generate greater results than those based on the transmission of knowledge, hence specific programs must be developed for media literacy and thus generate a critical attitude towards the pressure exerted by advertising and fashion(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Dissonância Cognitiva , Letramento em Saúde , Assistência Alimentar , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , MéxicoRESUMO
Covid-19 literacy, induced by the coronavirus disease (2019), is characterized as the understanding of Covid-19 as well as informed decisions based upon this understanding. This type of literacy is closely related to health literacy, scientific literacy, and scientific media literacy. It may be obvious to say that Covid-19 literacy is a key factor for governments to effectively manage the Covid-19 transition. However, lack of literature exists about Covid-19 literacy among university students. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the Covid-19 literacy level among 4168 students from a Colombian university. The data were derived from students' responses to a 25-item anonymous online self-reporting questionnaire. We found that 21-25-year age group, graduate students, students enrolled prior to 2015, and medical students had a significantly higher mean score. Moreover, the Internet (86.8%) was the most popular source of information from which participants gained most information regarding Covid-19. Furthermore, 58.5% of the participants considered health workers as a source that can provide accurate information. Most importantly, the findings reveal the students' knowledge about (1) the role of an eventual process of vaccination, (2) the test currently used as diagnostic for Covid-19, and (3) the fatality rate, three aspects of Covid-19 literacy that deserve more attention. The findings provide a useful basis for the formulation of policies and concrete actions in improving Covid-19 literacy.
RESUMO
In the last few decades much effort has been devoted to developing prevention programs for eating disorders, as most individuals with these pathologies do not receive treatment and tend to become chronic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive dissonance and media literacy intervention aimed at preventing eating disorders in female adolescents. Eighty-eight female students (aged 12-17) from Argentina, participated in a 3-session program. Adolescents completed a baseline, post-intervention and a 6-month follow-up survey. A significant decrease in thin-ideal internalization, body image concerns, influence of advertising, drive for thinness and bulimic attitudes was found at post-intervention. In addition, the number of participants with disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors decreased at post-intervention. Results for body image concerns and drive for thinness were maintained at follow-up.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Adolescente , Argentina , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Dissonância Cognitiva , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Magreza/psicologiaRESUMO
Esta investigación analiza cómo las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) son una herramienta para la integración social de grupos desfavorecidos. Para ello, se ha estudiado la relación existente entre el grado de competencia digital de un grupo de jóvenes en exclusión social de los Programas de Cualificación Profesional Inicial de la Fundación Federico Ozanam de Zaragoza (España) y su sentimiento de pertenencia al grupo social mayoritario. Se ha evaluado la posesión de capacidades sociales, las denominadas habilidades para la vida establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, los hábitos relacionales e informativos y el sentimiento de empoderamiento de la muestra en contextos digitales. El objetivo era averiguar si existía una relación directamente proporcional entre estos factores y el sentimiento de integración. Los resultados son positivos en la mayoría de indicadores estudiados.
This research project aims to assess how information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a tool for the social integration of disadvantaged groups. To that end, we studied a group of young people in social exclusion from the Initial Professional Qualification Programs of the Federico Ozanam Foundation in Zaragoza (Spain); we focused on the relationship between their level of digital literacy and their feeling of integration in the main social group. We evaluated their social capacities, their life skills as defined by the World Health Organization, their relational and informative habits and their feeling of empowerment in digital contexts. The goal was to find out if the relationship between these factors and their feeling of integration was directly proportional. The results were positive for most of the indicatives studied.
O estudo visa avaliar se as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) são ferramentas para a inclusão social de grupos desfavorecidos. Com esse intuito, estudamos um grupo de jovens em exclusão social participantes dos Programas de Qualificação Profissional Inicial da Fundação Federico Ozanam em Zaragoza (Espanha) e a relação entre seu nível de competência digital e seu sentimento de pertença ao grupo social majoritário. Analisamos as capacidades sociais, as chamadas habilidades de vida estabelecidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, os costumes relacionais e informativos e o sentimento de empoderamento da amostra em contextos digitais. O objetivo era descobrir se existia uma relação diretamente proporcional entre estes fatores e o sentimento de integração. Os resultados foram positivos na maioria de indicativos estudados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Política Pública , Justiça Social , Educação , Tecnologia da InformaçãoRESUMO
Se analizan tendencias recientes de investigación en comunicación publicadas en revistas de comunicación latinoamericanas más visibles en bases de datos de referencia y citación. La revisión se centra en los artículos de investigación publicados entre 2013 y 2017 en las nueve revistas latinoamericanas de comunicación incluidas en Scopus. La metodología se basa en la consulta de bases de datos, su sistematización a través de gestores bibliográficos y el análisis de contenido cualitativo de los textos recopilados, apoyado con el software de QDA NVIVO11. Se recopilan 167 artículos que abordan temáticas de educomunicación, alfabetización mediática y narrativas transmedia. Predomina la autoría individual y la afiliación a un solo país e institución, entre los cuales destacan Brasil y España. En relación con el contenido, predomina un enfoque temático sobre los medios y los entornos digitales y un abordaje cualitativo de las investigaciones.
This study analyzed recent research trends in communication research published in nine leading communication journals in Latin America. A literature review of scientific articles published between 2013 and 2017 was conducted using the Scopus database. A database query was run, together with the systematization of data using bibliographic management software and qualitative content analysis of selective texts using the QDA software NVivo 11. A total of 167 articles addressing the themes educommunication, media literacy, and transmedia narrative were analyzed. The majority of articles were written by individual authors belonging to a single institution and country, with emphasis on Brazil and Spain. With respect to content, the predominant themes were media and digital environments and the majority of studies used a qualitative approach.
Analisam-se as tendências recentes de pesquisa em comunicação publicadas nas nove revistas de comunicação mais significativas da América Latina. A pesquisa se centra na revisão dos artigos científicos publicados entre 2013 e 2017 em Scopus. A metodologia se baseia na consulta de bases de dados, sua sistematização por meio de gestores bibliográficos e a analise do conteúdo qualitativo dos textos selecionados, com o uso do software QDA NVIVO11. Estudam-se 167 artigos que abrangem temáticas de educomunicação, alfabetização midiática e narrativas transmídia. Pode-se identificar o predomínio da autoria individual, assim como a filiação a uma só instituição e a um só país, com destaque para Brasil e Espanha. A respeito do conteúdo, predomina o foco temático sobre mídia e os entornos digitais, assim como uma abordagem qualitativa das pesquisas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Comunicação , Publicação Periódica , Educação/métodos , Publicações Científicas e Técnicas , IdiomaRESUMO
Este trabajo indaga en el nivel de desarrollo de la competencia mediática de los niños y niñas de segundo ciclo de infantil. Para ello se aplica un instrumento, diseñado ad hoc, en el marco de una investigación más amplia (todos los niveles educativos del estado español), que toma como referencia una serie de dimensiones para estimar el grado de competencia mediática. Los resultados muestran que es necesario avanzar en políticas educativas de integración de las habilidades y estrategias para esa alfabetización que resulta indispensable para una educación acorde con las necesidades de la sociedad.
This work seeks to analyse the level of development of media competence from a broader perspective, including students belonging to the second cycle of childhood education. For this purpose, we have implemented an ad hoc tool in the framework of a broader study (all educational levels in Spain), using a series of references to determine the level of media competence. The results show that it is necessary to continue with educational policies of skill integration and with strategies for literacy, a necessary resource today for an education in accordance with the needs of society.