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ABSTRACT Objectives: To estimate the risk of post-vasectomy infections in various settings and across various surgical techniques and sanitization practices. Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of the records of 133,044 vasectomized patients from four large practices/network of practices using the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) technique in Canada (2011-2021), Colombia (2015-2020), New Zealand (2018-2021), and the United Kingdom (2006-2019). We defined infection as any mention in medical records of any antibiotics prescribed for a genital or urinary condition following vasectomy. Results: Post-vasectomy infection risks were 0.8% (219 infections/26,809 procedures), 2.1% (390/18,490), 1.0% (100/10,506), and 1.3% (1,007/77,239) in Canada, Colombia, New Zealand, and the UK, respectively. Audit period comparison suggests a limited effect on the risk of infection of excising a short vas segment, applying topical antibiotic on scrotal opening, wearing a surgical mask in Canada, type of skin disinfectant, and use of non-sterile gloves in New Zealand. Risk of infection was lower in Colombia when mucosal cautery and fascial interposition [FI] were used for vas occlusion compared to ligation, excision, and FI (0.9% vs. 2.1%, p<0.00001). Low level of infection certainty in 56% to 60% of patients who received antibiotics indicates that the true risk might be overestimated. Lack of information in medical records and patients not consulting their vasectomy providers might have led to underestimation of the risk. Conclusion: Risk of infection after vasectomy is low, about 1%, among international high-volume vasectomy practices performing NSV and various occlusion techniques. Apart from vasectomy occlusion technique, no other factor modified the risk of post-vasectomy infection.

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OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of post-vasectomy infections in various settings and across various surgical techniques and sanitization practices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the records of 133,044 vasectomized patients from four large practices/network of practices using the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) technique in Canada (2011-2021), Colombia (2015-2020), New Zealand (2018-2021), and the United Kingdom (2006-2019). We defined infection as any mention in medical records of any antibiotics prescribed for a genital or urinary condition following vasectomy. RESULTS: Post-vasectomy infection risks were 0.8% (219 infections/26,809 procedures), 2.1% (390/18,490), 1.0% (100/10,506), and 1.3% (1,007/77,239) in Canada, Colombia, New Zealand, and the UK, respectively. Audit period comparison suggests a limited effect on the risk of infection of excising a short vas segment, applying topical antibiotic on scrotal opening, wearing a surgical mask in Canada, type of skin disinfectant, and use of non-sterile gloves in New Zealand. Risk of infection was lower in Colombia when mucosal cautery and fascial interposition [FI] were used for vas occlusion compared to ligation, excision, and FI (0.9% vs. 2.1%, p<0.00001). Low level of infection certainty in 56% to 60% of patients who received antibiotics indicates that the true risk might be overestimated. Lack of information in medical records and patients not consulting their vasectomy providers might have led to underestimation of the risk. CONCLUSION: Risk of infection after vasectomy is low, about 1%, among international high-volume vasectomy practices performing NSV and various occlusion techniques. Apart from vasectomy occlusion technique, no other factor modified the risk of post-vasectomy infection.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Patient blood management (PBM) programs are associated with better patient outcomes, a reduced number of transfusions and cost-savings The Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems are valuable tools in this process, but their availability is limited in developing countries This study assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted CDS system for low-income countries. Methods: This was a prospective study of the PBM program implementation, in a 200-bed tertiary hospital, between February 2019 and May 2020. Outcome measures were red blood cell (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet unit transfusions, the transfusion of a single unit of red blood cells and an RBC adequacy index (RAI). Results: Comparing the post-PBM program era with the pre-PBM system era, there was a decrease in red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.05), with an increase in single unit red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.005) and RAI (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The PBM programs, including electronic transfusion guidelines with pre-transfusion medical auditing, was associated with improved transfusion practices and reduced product acquisition-related costs.

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INTRODUCTION: Patient blood management (PBM) programs are associated with better patient outcomes, a reduced number of transfusions and cost-savings The Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems are valuable tools in this process, but their availability is limited in developing countries This study assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted CDS system for low-income countries. METHODS: This was a prospective study of the PBM program implementation, in a 200-bed tertiary hospital, between February 2019 and May 2020. Outcome measures were red blood cell (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet unit transfusions, the transfusion of a single unit of red blood cells and an RBC adequacy index (RAI). RESULTS: Comparing the post-PBM program era with the pre-PBM system era, there was a decrease in red blood cell transfusions (p=0.05), with an increase in single unit red blood cell transfusions (p=0.005) and RAI (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The PBM programs, including electronic transfusion guidelines with pre-transfusion medical auditing, was associated with improved transfusion practices and reduced product acquisition-related costs.

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Introducción: las Unidades de Mastología son organizaciones que tienen por objetivo abordar la patología mamaria de manera multidisciplinaria e integral. A nivel mundial se han implementado programas para evaluar la calidad de atención a través del cumplimiento de indicadores propuestos por Sociedades Científicas u organismos gubernamentales. Algunos de estos han sido propuestos y revisados por la Sociedad Europea de Mastología (EUSOMA). Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de atención de la Unidad de Mastología del Hospital Juan A. Fernández a través del análisis de una serie de indicadores propuestos por EUSOMA como estándares de calidad de atención en centros de patología mamaria. Material y método: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo analizando la base de datos de las pacientes con cáncer de mama estadios 0 a III operadas entre 2015 y 2019. Se analizaron 25 indicadores de procesos propuestos por EUSOMA en 2017. Se registraron las características de la población, y el porcentaje de pacientes en las cuales se cumple la condición de cada uno de los indicadores. Se registró si el indicador alcanza o supera el mínimo estándar, o si alcanza o supera el valor ideal. Resultados: se evaluaron 284 pacientes. Se observó el cumplimiento de la mayoría de los estándares propuestos (18 de 25), alcanzando o superando en el 25% de los indicadores evaluados el valor ideal. Se lograron alcanzar los estándares de calidad de atención relacionados con el diagnóstico clínico y preoperatorio, caracterización anatomopatológica completa en carcinoma invasor, evaluación multidisciplinaria, tratamiento quirúrgico primario en carcinoma invasor e in situ. Se alcanzaron los objetivos tendientes a evitar el sobretratamiento quirúrgico en carcinoma invasor y en cirugía conservadora en carcinoma in situ. En relación a los tratamientos adyuvantes, se alcanzaron los estándares relacionados con radioterapia post cirugía conservadora y post mastectomía, así como también el tratamiento con hormonoterapia y quimioterapia. El seguimiento de los pacientes se realizó en tiempo en tiempo y forma de acuerdo al indicador establecido. Existen 3 indicadores de calidad obligatorios en los que no se alcanzó el estándar mínimo: se observó la necesidad de mejorar la accesibilidad a los tratamientos antiHer2neu en neoadyuvancia, y de reducir los tiempos de espera al inicio del tratamiento. Conclusiones: se observó el cumplimiento de la mayoría de los estándares propuestos. Dado que existen indicadores obligatorios en los que no se alcanzó el estándar mínimo, los esfuerzos primarios deberán centrarse prioritaria e inicialmente en diseñar una planificación que permita alcanzar estos objetivos, así como también mantener en el tiempo los valores positivos ya alcanzados. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar políticas a nivel sanitario nacional que permitan mejorar la accesibilidad a medicación oncológica. A su vez, destacamos la importancia de definir indicadores propios con valores ajustados a las características de nuestro país y mantener una evaluación periódica de la calidad de atención a través de los mismos.

Introduction: Breast Units are organizations that manage Breast Cancer in a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Worlwide, programs have been developed in order to evaluate quality of care through the achievement of certain standards of care that have been proposed by scientific organizations, medical associations or government health departments. Some of these indicators have beeb proposed by the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialist (EUSOMA). Objective: to evaluate quality of care in the Breast Unit at Hospital Juan A Fernández (Buenos Aires, Argentina) through the analysis of a series of indicators described by EUSOMA as standard of care in breast centers. Material and method: we performed a descriptive, retrospective analysis of our database including patients with breast cancer stage 0 to III that wer treated between 2015 and 2019. We studied 25 quality of care process indicators proposed by EUSOMA in 2017. We registered population characteristics and the percentage of patients in which each indicator mínimum requirements were achieved. We also studied whether our results achieved or were beyond the ideal targets for each indicator. Results: a total of 284 patients were evaluated. The mínimum standard of care was achieved in most of the evaluated indicators (18 of 25) and in 25% of these, our results achieved or exce3ded the ideal requirements. The indicators in which the mínimum or ideal standard of care was accomplished were regarding clinical and preoperative diagnosis anatomopathological characterisation in invasive breast cancer, multidisciplinary approach, primary surgical management in invasive and in situ breast cancer, avoidanc of overtreatement in invasive breast cancer and breast conserving therapy in carcinoma in situ. Regarding adjuvant treatment, the standard of care was achieved in radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery and after mastectomy, endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. The follow up timing was according to the indicator. There were 3 mandatory indicators in which the mínimum standards were not achieved and were regarding accesibility to anti Her2neu agents in neoadjuvant setting, and timing form diagnosis to firts treatment. Conclusions: we observed that out Breast Unit achieved most of the quality of care indicators described by EUSOMA. However, there 3 mandatory indicators where the results were below the mínimum. This is why future efforts should be focused on designing and planning new measures that will allow these objectives to be accomplished, as well as maintaining what has already been achived. Our results also show the imperious need to implement national public health pólices that would grant a better accesiblility to oncologic medications. We also analysed the importance of defining our own local quality of care indicators in relation to our health policies and current situation, as well as the importance of a continuous evaluation of quality of care through these indicators.

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RESUMEN Objetivos: medir el impacto en la calidad de la prescripción antibiótica empírica en los médicos generales luego de la implementación de un sistema de evaluación y retroalimentación. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental con pre y postintervención en una clínica de tercer nivel en Medellín. Se revisó las prescripciones de un grupo de antibióticos por un médico internista, un epidemiólogo y un infectólogo. Se midió el consumo de antibióticos, las retroalimentaciones realizadas, el diagnóstico de la sepsis, tiempo de inicio de los antibióticos en el servicio de urgencias y la prevalencia de Escherichia coli productora de betalactamasa de espectro extendido. Resultados: el número de retroalimentaciones descendió de 10,9 a 2 %. Se redujo el consumo de ceftriaxona (p = 0,04), piperacilina tazobactam (p = 0,01), cefepime (p = 0,04) y ciprofloxacina (p = 0,01). Se evidenció una tendencia a la reducción en la prevalencia de E. coli BLEE (p = 0,3). La intervención no produjo un retraso en el inicio de antibióticos en el servicio de urgencias. Conclusión: una estrategia de auditoría y retroalimentación a los médicos generales, referente a la calidad de la prescripción antibiótica, reduce el consumo de antibióticos sin afectar la oportunidad del diagnóstico de sepsis o el inicio de su tratamiento y puede impactar favorablemente en el perfil de resistencia de la flora microbiana institucional.

SUMMARY Objectives: To measure the impact on the quality of the empirical antibiotic prescription in general practitioners, after the implementation of an evaluation and feedback system. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention in a tertiary care center in Medellín. The prescriptions of a group of antibiotics were reviewed by an internist, an epidemiologist and an infectologist. When failures were found, prescribing doctors were informed. Subsequently, antibiotic consumption, feedbacks, sepsis diagnosis, start time of antibiotics in the emergency department and monthly incidence of Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum betalactamase were measured. Results: The numbers of feedbacks decreased from 10.9% to 2%. Consumption of ceftriaxone (p = 0.04), piperacillin tazobactam (p = 0.01), cefepime (p = 0.04) and ciprofloxacin (p = 0.01) was reduced. There was a tendency to reduce the prevalence of E. coli ESBL. The intervention did not cause a delay in the start of antibiotics in the emergency department. Conclusions: A strategy of continuous feedback to general practitioners regarding the quality of antibiotic prescription reduces consumption of antibiotics without causing changes in diagnosis opportunity or the beginning of antibiotics in sepsis and can impact favorably the resistance profile of the institutional microbial flora.

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Objetivo: Descrever a atuação da auditoria do Sistema Único de Saúde em um estado brasileiro. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, realizado nos anos de 2017 e 2018, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, dividido em quatro etapas: mapeamento dos sistemas de auditoria nos municípios; elaboração de questionários para coleta de dados; envio dos questionários para os auditores; e análise dos dados presentes nos questionários. A população do estudo correspondeu aos 66 auditores, entretanto a amostra final pós-coleta resultou em 18 participantes, dada a recusa de participação. Na análise dos dados utilizou-se uma descrição quantitativa simples de números e porcentagens para caracterização da coleta referente aos sistemas de auditorias existentes e, nas respostas obtidas pelos questionários, realizou-se o tratamento dos dados por meio de análise lexicográfica de similitude. Resultados: Dos 167 (100%) municípios do estado, 95 (57%) municípios afirmaram não usufruir desses serviços e em 63 (38%) municípios não foi possível obter informação, de modo que apenas nove (5%) responderam possuir os serviços de auditoria. A compreensão dos auditores acerca do seu processo de trabalho trouxe a importância, o impacto e a necessidade de formação na área. Conclusão: A descrição da atuação dos componentes de auditoria do estado do RN mostrou um cenário de preocupação. A percepção dos profissionais auditores sobre o seu processo de trabalho denotou a grande importância da contribuição desses serviços para a saúde.

Objective: To describe the performance of the Unified Health System audit in a Brazilian state. Methods: Descriptive study, carried out in 2017 and 2018, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, divided into four stages: mapping of audit systems in the municipalities; elaboration of questionnaires for data collection; sending the questionnaires to the auditors; and analysis of the data present in the questionnaires. The study population corresponded to 66 auditors, yet, the final post-collection sample resulted in 18 participants due to the participant's refusal. In the data analysis, a simple quantitative description of numbers and percentages was used to characterize the collection regarding the existing auditing systems, and in the responses obtained by the questionnaires, the data was processed through a lexicographical similarity analysis. Results: Of the 167 municipalities (100%) in the state, 95 (57%) said they did not use these services, and in 63 (38%) municipalities, it was not possible to obtain information so that only nine (5%) answered that they had the audit services. The auditors' understanding about their work process brought the importance, impact, and need for training in the area. Conclusion: The description of the performance of the audit components in the state of RN showed a scenario of concern. The perception of professional auditors about their work process denoted the great importance of the contribution of these services to health.

Objetivo: Describir la acción de la auditoría del Sistema Único de Salud de un estado brasileño. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado entre los años 2017 y 2018 en el estado de Río Grande del Norte (RN) que ha sido dividido en cuatro etapas: el mapeo de los sistemas de auditoría de los municipios; la elaboración de cuestionarios para la recogida de datos; el envío de los cuestionarios para los auditores; y el análisis de los datos de los cuestionarios. La población del estudio ha sido de 66 auditores, sin embargo, la muestra final post-recogida de datos ha resultado en 18 participantes debido a recusa de participación. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó una descripción cuantitativa simple de números y porcentajes para la caracterización de los datos de los sistemas de auditorías existentes y, para las respuestas de los cuestionarios se ha realizado un análisis lexicográfico de similitud. Resultados: De los 167 (100%) municipios del estado, 95 (57%) municipios afirmaron no usar de esos servicios y em 63 (38%) de ellos no ha sido posible tener información de manera que solamente nueve (5%) han contestado tener los servicios de auditoría. El entendimiento de los auditores sobre su proceso de trabajo trajo la importancia, el impacto y la necesidad de formación en el área. Conclusión: La descripción de la acción de los componentes de la auditoría del estado de RN mostró um escenario de preocupación. La percepción de los profesionales auditores sobre su proceso de trabajo presentó la gran importancia de la contribución de esos servicios para la salud.

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Abstract Introduction The correct completion of the blood components request form is the starting point to ensure good transfusion care. Many guidelines have been developed to search for hemoglobin values that trigger the need for transfusion and show the importance of Patient Blood Management, a scientific evidence-based approach in processes where transfusion is a possibility, such as in elective surgeries. Objective The cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the transfusion requests at a complex orthopedic hospital over a one-year period. Method The completion quality was classified as Good, Regular, Bad or Very Bad, according to the information given by the physician. Transfusion medicine professionals analyzed the transfusion indication reported on the request form and classified it as Correct, Not based on Patient Blood Management (PBM), in accordance or not with the institutional Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule, Impossible to evaluate due to lack of information on the form, and Incorrect. Results The study categorized the completion quality of 2011 requests as Good (8.80%), Regular (9.30%), Bad (72.75%) and Very Bad (9.15%). Analysis of the indications revealed that 54.90% of the requests were in accordance with the current blood transfusion recommendations, and on 23.12% of the forms this field had not been filled out. Conclusion The majority of blood components (63%) requests are in tune with current blood transfusion recommendations, despite the great number of incorrectly completed forms; nevertheless, it is mandatory to reach much better appropriateness rates.

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INTRODUCTION: The correct completion of the blood components request form is the starting point to ensure good transfusion care. Many guidelines have been developed to search for hemoglobin values that trigger the need for transfusion and show the importance of Patient Blood Management, a scientific evidence-based approach in processes where transfusion is a possibility, such as in elective surgeries. OBJECTIVE: The cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the transfusion requests at a complex orthopedic hospital over a one-year period. METHOD: The completion quality was classified as Good, Regular, Bad or Very Bad, according to the information given by the physician. Transfusion medicine professionals analyzed the transfusion indication reported on the request form and classified it as Correct, Not based on Patient Blood Management (PBM), in accordance or not with the institutional Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule, Impossible to evaluate due to lack of information on the form, and Incorrect. RESULTS: The study categorized the completion quality of 2011 requests as Good (8.80%), Regular (9.30%), Bad (72.75%) and Very Bad (9.15%). Analysis of the indications revealed that 54.90% of the requests were in accordance with the current blood transfusion recommendations, and on 23.12% of the forms this field had not been filled out. CONCLUSION: The majority of blood components (63%) requests are in tune with current blood transfusion recommendations, despite the great number of incorrectly completed forms; nevertheless, it is mandatory to reach much better appropriateness rates.

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Introdução: o prontuário médico (PM) é uma importante ferramenta para o registro do cuidado profissional prestado ao paciente nos serviços de saúde. Ele contém informações sobre o processo da doença, que são cruciais para o preenchimento da declaração de óbito (DO). Objetivos: determinar se o PM informou os diagnósticos necessários para identificação da causa básica da morte e verificar se o médico que fez a DO preencheu corretamente a causa básica da morte. Método: o médico auditor analisou prontuários médicos de pacientes que evoluíram para óbito na Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte no ano de 2014. Os diagnósticos citados no prontuário médico foram identificados e comparados com as causas da morte descritas na declaração de óbito. Resultados: Seiscentos e vinte e nove prontuários médicos foram avaliados. Entre os diagnósticos iniciais citados nos prontuários, a causa básica da morte esteve correta em 63,11% dos casos avaliados e entre os diagnósticos finais esse percentual foi de 95,86%. A concordância entre os diagnósticos citados no PM e a causa da morte citada na DO foi fraca (Kappa = 0,130 para diagnóstico inicial e Kappa = 0,229 para o diagnóstico final). Na análise da causa básica da morte citada na declaração de óbito, verificou-se que em 28,78% esse dado estava incorreto. Conclusões: os prontuários médicos geralmente apresentaram os diagnósticos necessários para identificar a causa básica da morte. Os médicos tiveram dificuldade em identificar as causas da morte e preencher corretamente a DO.

Introduction: the medical record (MR) is an important tool to register the treatments and diagnosis of the patients. The information from the MR are crucial to the correct fulfill of the Death Certificate (DC), which are basis to many public health policies. Objectives: Define if the MR of the assessed institution informed the necessary diagnosis to identify the basic death cause. Secondarily was evaluated if the doctor who made the DC correctly fulfilled the basic death cause. Method: the medical auditor analyzed the medical records of patients who died in Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte (SCBH) from March 15 to July 15 of 2014. The diagnosis cited on the medical record were identified and compared to the basic death cause described in the death certificate. Results: Six hundred twenty nine medical records were evaluated. In the analysis of the initial diagnosis, the basic death cause were described in 63.11% of the cases and In the analysis of the final diagnosis, the percentage was 95.86%, which shows poor Kappa agreement (Kappa = 0,130 to initial diagnosis and Kappa = 0,229 to final diagnosis). In the analyze of death basic cause in DC its were wrong in 28.78% of cases. Conclusion: In the evaluated period, the medical record of SCBH presented the necessary diagnosis for the medical auditor identify the basic death cause, however the doctors had difficult to fulfill correctly the DC.

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