RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intensive prophylactic use of antifungals leads to the increase of drug resistance and the need for new and more effective treatments are real. Plants from Leguminosae family are rich in flavonoids, for which numerous biological activities have been described, including antifungal effects. PURPOSE: To screen methanolic extracts from Leguminosae species looking for alternative sources for antifungal agents (anti-dermatophyte and anti-Candida) and their innocuity. METHODS: Antifungal activity was evaluated using the strains Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and, Microsporum gypseum in the broth microdilution method. Later, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Mimosa pigra, Eriosema heterophyllum, and Chamaecrista nictitans was determined. The most promising extract was fractionated and cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the most active fraction were also assayed. RESULTS: Fungicide and/or fungistatic activity against dermatophyte strains were presented by 60% of the methanolic extracts assayed. M. pigra, E. heterophyllum, and C. nictitans methanolic extracts could inhibit dermatophyte strains at concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 1000µg/mL. M. pigra showed the lowest MIC values for a dichloromethane fraction (1.9µg/mL) without DNA damage at 10 and 50µg/mL and 100% of cell viability of human leukocytes. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that methanolic extracts from Leguminosae plants are potential sources of antifungal compounds, mainly the extract and fractions from M. pigra. The dichloromethane fraction from M. pigra did not showed in vitro toxicity according to the applied assays.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Fabaceae/química , Mimosa/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Brasil , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Epidermophyton/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Se estudiaron las cargas polínicas de 13 taxones de abejas capturadas visitando a Mimosa pigra en la zona de influencia del Embalse Porce II (Antioquia, Colombia). De los 21 tipos polínicos encontrados, M. pigra presenta el mayor porcentaje acumulado de colecta; Mimosa pudica, Piper aduncum, Solanum diversifolium, Warszewiczia coccinea y Psidium guajava, en su orden, se pueden considerar fuentes alternativas de polen, para varias de las especies de abejas cuyas cargas polínicas fueron analizadas. Dentro de las especies de abejas capturadas visitando a M. pigra se pueden diferenciar varios grupos según el tipo y abundancia relativa de los tipos polínicos encontrados en sus cargas. Uno de ellos, incluye a siete especies de abejas con más del 85% de granos de polen de M. pigra; otro, con cuatro especies de abejas que colectaron más del 94,5% del polen en M. pigra y M. pudica. Adicionalmente, se encontraron especies como Trigona dorsalis con cargas de M. pigra (59,4%), de S. diversifolium (37,8%) y especies de abejas como Lasioglossum sp. 113, en cuyas cargas polínicas predominan los granos de polen de P. aduncum (61,8%) y de W.coccinea (36,4%), en contraste con los de M. pigra (1,3%). En cuanto a la riqueza de tipos polínicos colectados por las abejas sobresalen Trigona muzoensis (12 tipos polínicos) y T. dorsalis (10 tipos), lo cual refleja nichos tróficos más amplios para estas especies y deja duda sobre su constancia floral o hábitos de limpieza.
We studied the pollen loads of 13 taxa of wild bees visiting the flowers of Mimosa pigra on the influence zone of the Dam Project Porce II (Antioquia, Colombia). Out of 21 different pollen types, M. pigra represents the higuest percentage; Mimosa pudica, Piper aduncum, Solanum diversifolium, Warszewiczia coccinea and Psidium guajava, in that order, were also abundant, and are alternative sources of pollen for the different kinds of bees recorded. Among the species of bees collected, we differentiate several groups: one of them, includes seven species of bees whose pollen loads are in a high porcentaje of M. pigra (86% of pollen grains or above); another group of bees with high percentage (more than 94%) of pollen grains of Mimosa species (M. pigra and M. pudica); and the other two groups that include the bee species: Trigona dorsalis (who collected more than half of their pollen resources from M. pigra (59.4%) in addition to a high percentage of S. diversifolium (37.8%); the last kind of foragers includes Lasioglossum sp.113 who collected mostly pollen from species different to Mimosa (including P. aduncum with 61.8% of pollen grains, and W. coccinea with 36,4%) and only a small percentage of M. pigra (1,3%). In terms of the species of bees that collected a highest diversity of pollen grains, two species: Trigona muzoensis (12 pollen types) and T. dorsalis (10 pollen types) outstand other species of bees on on feeding niche and question either the bees capacity of cleaning or their floral constancy.