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Introdução: A Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) é uma língua de natureza visuo-motora com um sistema linguístico e estrutura gramatical próprio e sua aquisição em tempo oportuno é importante para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e comunicativo da criança surda. As famílias ouvintes de crianças surdas devem se engajar no aprendizado dessa língua, uma vez que na ausência do conhecimento da Libras, podem apresentar dificuldades de comunicação e de relacionamento com seu filho surdo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o papel da Libras na comunicação de familiares ouvintes e seus filhos surdos atendidos em um centro de reabilitação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de caráter qualitativo. Foi aplicado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado com 10 questões abertas a pais ouvintes de crianças surdas que participam de atendimentos em um centro de reabilitação. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do método análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Ao todo foram entrevistadas 10 mães de crianças surdas. As idades das mães variaram de 21 a 47 anos. Nove mães afirmaram usar a Libras em casa com seus filhos todos os dias e todas relataram usá-la em atividades cotidianas da criança. Todas as mães afirmaram que o uso da Libras trouxe benefícios para o relacionamento na díade mãe-filho. Conclusão: Os achados revelam um importante papel da Libras tanto na comunicação de familiares ouvintes e seus filhos surdos, como no cotidiano desses lares. (AU)

Introduction: The Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) is a visual-motor language with its linguistic system and grammatical structure and its timely acquisition is important for deaf children's cognitive and communicative development. Deaf children's hearing families should engage in learning this language, since not knowing Libras may lead to communication and relationship difficulties with their deaf children. Objective: This study aimed to understand the role of Libras in the communication between hearing family members and their deaf children treated at a rehabilitation center. Methods: This cross-sectional qualitative study applied a semi-structured interview with 10 open-ended questions to hearing parents of deaf children who receive care at a rehabilitation center. Data were analyzed with the content analysis method. Results: Altogether, 10 mothers of deaf children were interviewed. Their ages ranged from 21 to 47 years. Nine mothers said they used Libras at home with their children every day, and all reported using it in their child's daily activities. All mothers stated that the use of Libras brought benefits to the mother-child relationship. Conclusion: The findings highlight the important role of Libras in the daily lives and communication of hearing family members and their deaf children. (AU)

Introducción: La Lengua de Señas Brasileña (Libras) es una lengua visomotora con sistema lingüístico y estructura gramatical propios y su adquisición oportuna es importante para el desarrollo cognitivo y comunicativo del niño sordo. Las familias oyentes de niños sordos deben involucrarse en el aprendizaje de este idioma, ya que en ausencia del conocimiento de Libras, pueden tener dificultades en la comunicación y las relaciones con su hijo sordo. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el papel de Libras en la comunicación de los familiares oyentes y sus hijos sordos atendidos en un centro de rehabilitación auditiva. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, cualitativo. Se aplicó un guión de entrevista semiestructurada con 10 preguntas abiertas a padres oyentes de niños sordos que participan en el cuidado en un centro de rehabilitación. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el método de análisis de contenido. Resultados: En total, se entrevistaron 10 madres de niños sordos. Las edades de las madres oscilaron entre 21 y 47 años. Nueve madres dijeron que usan Libras en casa con sus hijos todos los días y todas informaron que lo usan en las actividades diarias de sus hijos. Todas las madres afirmaron que el uso de Libras trajo beneficios a la relación madre-hijo. Conclusión: Los hallazgos revelan un papel importante de Libra tanto en la comunicación de los miembros oyentes de la familia y sus hijos sordos, como en la vida diaria de estos hogares. (AU)

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Resumo A literatura frequentemente descreve a sobrecarga vivida pelas mães como um dos principais desafios enfrentados pelas famílias com crianças com deficiência, o que pode levar a problemas de saúde mental. Pouco se encontra sobre a participação dos pais e sobre como essa participação impacta a qualidade de vida das mães. Objetiva-se aqui, assim, investigar a correlação entre o engajamento paterno e a qualidade de vida das mães de crianças com deficiência. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo, realizado com pais e mães de crianças com deficiência em tratamento em uma clínica de reabilitação neurofuncional. Encontrou-se, a partir das respostas de 35 pais e 35 mães, que não há correlação linear entre as variáveis pesquisadas, entretanto, a maioria das mães desejam mais ajuda para cuidar dos filhos e gostariam que os pais fossem mais envolvidos no tratamento deles. O engajamento dos pais de filhos com deficiência demonstrou-se semelhante ao dos pais de crianças típicas, estando mais atrelado ao suporte emocional do que à realização de cuidados diretos e indiretos. Conclui-se que são necessários estudos como este em populações com diferentes características para verificar o comportamento das variáveis e abordagens qualitativas com os pais.

Abstract The literature often describes the burden experienced by mothers as one of the main challenges faced by families with children with disabilities, which can lead to mental health problems. Little is found about the participation of fathers and how this participation impacts the quality of life of mothers. The objective is to investigate the correlation between paternal engagement and the quality of life of mothers of children with disabilities. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study, carried out with fathers and mothers of children with disabilities undergoing treatment at a neurofunctional rehabilitation clinic. It was found, based on the responses of 35 fathers and 35 mothers, that there is no linear correlation between the variables surveyed, however most mothers want more help to take care of their children and would like fathers to be more involved in their treatment. The engagement of parents of children with disabilities was similar to that of parents of typical children, being more linked to emotional support than direct and indirect care. It is concluded that studies like this are necessary in populations with different characteristics, to verify the behavior of the variables; and qualitative approaches with parents are needed.

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A somatização é uma manifestação corporal carente de simbolização. Relaciona-se com aspectos psicológicos tendendo a surgir no bebê, que se vê como uma extensão da mãe. O objetivo foi analisar aspectos psicológicos da relação materno-filial e suas implicações nas manifestações psicossomáticas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, considerando os prontuários de crianças entre fevereiro/2015 e dezembro/2019, de uma clínica-escola do Grande ABC-SP. A busca realizada a partir de um software específico para arquivamento dos prontuários, utilizou como filtros os termos: infantil, queixas somatoformes, distúrbios alimentares e distúrbios do sono. Os dados foram categorizados em: a) identificação; b) evolução clínica; e c) aspectos da personalidade e o relacionamento materno. A análise qualitativa, de base psicanalítica, apontou que a dificuldade das mães em lidar com seus próprios conflitos influenciou no surgimento dos sintomas nos filhos. Observou-se relação entre os conflitos maternos e o tipo de queixa apresentada. Os resultados sustentam a importância da relação entre mães e filhos na queixa psicossomática. Fatores orgânicos no desenvolvimento infantil precisam ser considerados para além da natureza biológica, mas da dinâmica psíquica, ampliando a compreensão diagnóstica.

Somatization is a bodily manifestation lacking symbolization. It relates to psychological aspects tending to appear in the baby, who sees himself as an extension of the mother. The objective was to analyze the psychological aspects of the mother-child relationship and its implications for psychosomatic manifestations. This is documentary research, considering the clinical reports of children between February/2015 and December/2019, from a clinical school in Grande ABC-SP. The search performed using clinical reports record file software, used terms as filters: infant, somatoform complaints, eating disorders and sleep disorders. Data were categorized into a) identification; b) clinical evolution; and c) aspects of personality and maternal relationship. The qualitative analysis, based on psychoanalysis, showed that mothers' difficulty dealing with their own conflicts influenced the appearance of symptoms in their children. There was a relationship between maternal conflicts and the type of complaint presented. The results support the importance of the relationship between mothers and children in psychosomatic complaints. Organic factors in child development need to be considered beyond the biological nature, but the psychic dynamics, expanding the diagnostic understanding.

La somatización es una manifestación en el cuerpo del no simbolizado. Se relaciona con aspectos psicológicos que tienden a aparecer en el bebé, quien se ven a sí mismos como una extensión de la madre. El objetivo fue analizar aspectos psicológicos de la relación madre-hijo y sus implicaciones en las manifestaciones psicosomáticas. Es una investigación documental, que toma en cuenta las historias clínicas de niños en los períodos de febrero/2015 y diciembre/2019, de una clínica escuela del Grande ABC-SP. La búsqueda fue hecha con auxilio de un software específico de archivo de las historias clínicas, se utilizó como filtros los términos: infantil, quejas somatomorfas, desórdenes alimentarios y desórdenes del sueño. Los datos se clasificaron en: a) identificación; b) evolución clínica; y c) aspectos de personalidad y relación materna. El análisis cualitativo de base psicoanalítica señalo que la dificultad de las madres para lidiar con sus propios conflictos influyó en la aparición de los síntomas en sus hijos. Hubo relación entre los conflictos maternos y el tipo de queja presentada. Los resultados respaldan la importancia de la relación entre madres y hijos en quejas psicosomáticas. Factores orgánicos del desarrollo infantil necesitan ser considerados más allá de la naturaleza biológica, más de la dinámica psíquica, para ampliar la comprensión del diagnóstico.

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Considerando as transformações na maternidade ao longo da história e a atual crise identitária na relação da mulher com a maternidade, ou seja, o conflito entre os ideais de maternidade relacionados à figura da mulher/mãe e as demandas contemporâneas de realização individual no trabalho, realizou-se este estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo consistia em descrever e analisar, a partir da psicanálise de casal e família, a experiência de mães que abandonaram da carreira profissional para a dedicação exclusiva à maternidade. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres de classe média, entre 30 e 50 anos, que eram mães e abandonaram suas carreiras profissionais para se dedicarem à maternidade. As entrevistas que compuseram os resultados foram transcritas e as análises de conteúdo temática apontaram as múltiplas exigências, tanto sociais, quanto relacionadas à herança psíquica, que trazem implicações para a construção identitária dessas mulheres. Concluímos que um processo de elaboração dessa herança exige uma rede vincular de apoio e pressupõe a desidealização da maternidade, entendendo-a como plural, tanto no sentido de ser múltipla e diversa, quanto no sentido de ser uma construção vincular.

Noticing the history transformations in motherhood, and the current identity crisis in the woman's relationship between femininity and maternity, that is, the conflict between the ideas of motherhood related to the figure of the woman/mother and the contemporary demands of individual realization at work, this exploratory-descriptive, cross-sectional, study of a qualitative approach was carried out, whose objective was to describe and analyze, from the perspective of psychoanalysis of the linking configurations, the experience of mothers who abandoned the professional career for the exclusive dedication to motherhood. Eight middle-class women, aged between 30 and 50, who were mothers and abandoned their professional careers to dedicate themselves to motherhood-retirar, were interviewed. The interviews that composed the results were transcribed, and thematic content analyses pointed out the multiple demands, both social and related to psychic heritage, which have implications for the identity construction of these women. We conclude that an elaboration of this heritage requires a link network of support and presupposes the non-idealization of motherhood, understanding it as plural, both in the sense of being multiple and diverse, and in the sense of being a bonding construction.

Considerando los cambios en la maternidad a lo largo de la historia y la actual crisis de identidad en la relación de la mujer con la maternidad, es decir, el conflicto entre los ideales de maternidad relacionados con la figura de la mujer/madre y las demandas contemporáneas de realización individual en el trabajo, se realizó este estudio transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, cuyo objetivo consistía en describir y analizar, a partir del psicoanálisis de las configuraciones vincular, la experiencia de madres que abandonaron de la carrera profesional para la dedicación exclusiva a la maternidad. Fueron entrevistadas ocho mujeres de clase media, entre 30 y 50 años. que eran madres y abandonaron sus carreras profesionales para dedicarse a la maternidad-retirar. Las entrevistas que compusieron los resultados fueron transcritas y los análisis de contenido temático señalaron las múltiples exigencias, tanto sociales, como relacionadas a la herencia psíquica, que traen implicaciones para la construcción identitaria de esas mujeres. Concluimos que un proceso de elaboración de esa herencia exige una red vincular de apoyo y presupone la desidealización de la maternidad, entendiéndola como plural, tanto en el sentido de ser múltiple y diversa, como en el sentido de ser una construcción vincular.

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OBJECTIVE: This cohort study was to investigate maternal knowledge of the oral health of woman and children during pregnancy and after childbirth, and the associated factors. METHODS: Groups of women participating in a public prenatal dental care programme in Brazil were assessed, in two different stages. In the first stage, pregnant women were assessed for their own oral health. In the second stage, after childbirth, women were assessed for the oral health of their child. The examiner assigned a maternal knowledge score to the questionnaires, considering the ideal alternatives within the context of oral health promotion as correct answers. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests, considering a level of significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women were included in the study, with a mean age 26.27 years (SD 6.51). In the regression analysis, the maternal knowledge score was associated with the presence of myths about oral health (P < 0.01), the children first dental appointment in the first year of life (P = 0.07), the presence of a non-nutritious sucking habit (P < 0.01), considering dental treatment to be important during pregnancy (P < 0.01), and having been instructed on oral health during pregnancy (P < 0.01) and after the children birth (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the women showed a regular score of knowledge about their oral health and that of their children, as they still believed in some myths about oral health and the risks of dental treatment during pregnancy. Women who received guidance on oral health in pregnancy and after birth showed higher knowledge of their oral health and that of their children, demonstrating the importance of carrying out health promotion actions during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life.

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Objetivo: analisar as percepções de mães encarceradas sobre a vivência da maternidade em privação de liberdade. Método: pesquisa exploratória, transversal, qualitativa, desenvolvida com 19 mulheres de uma penitenciária feminina da região Nordeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico a Teoria do Apego de John Bowlby. A obtenção dos dados ocorreu por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semiestruturada; posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: as entrevistadas são, na maioria, mulheres entre 23 a 28 anos, solteiras, com média de 2 filhos e com histórico de uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas, presas por tráfico de drogas. Duas categorias foram estabelecidas: O Significado da Maternidade e Vivência da Maternidade em Privação de Liberdade. Conclusão:observou-se o sofrimento do binômio com a separação parental, ocasionando prejuízos para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças. As mães encarceradas estão expostas ao ambiente insalubre e desumanizado, o que acarreta sofrimento psíquico.

Objective: to analyze the condition of motherhood in deprivation of liberty as perceived by mothers in prison. Method: an exploratory, transversal, qualitative research was conducted using John Bowlby's Attachment Theory as a theoretical framework with 19 mothers from a women's penitentiary in northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by means of a sociodemographic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, and later examined by Bardin's content analysis. Results: most of the participants are single, between 23 and 28 years old, with an average of two children and a history of alcohol consumption and/or other drugs, arrested for drug trafficking. Content analysis formed two categories: The Meaning of Motherhood and Experiencing Motherhood in Deprivation of Liberty. Conclusion: the binomial mother-infant suffered with parental separation, resulting in child growth and development issues. Incarcerated mothers are exposedto an unhealthy and dehumanized environment, leading to psychological distress

Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de madres privadas de libertad sobre la experiencia de la maternidad en privación de libertad. Método: investigación exploratoria, transversal, cualitativa, desarrollada con 19 mujeres de un centro penitenciario de mujeres del Nordeste de Brazil. Se utilizó como marco teórico la teoría del apego de John Bowlby. La recolección de datos se realizó desde un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una entrevista semiestructurada; posteriormente,se aplicó el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: los datos mostraron mujeres de entre 23 y 28 años de edad, solteras, con promedio de dos hijos y con antecedentes de consumo de alcohol y/u otras drogas, detenidas por tráfico de estupefacientes. Se establecieron dos categorías: El Sentido de la Maternidad y la Experiencia de la Maternidad Privada de Libertad. Conclusión: se observó el sufrimiento del binomio con la separación parental, provocando perjuicios en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Las madres encarceladas están expuestas a un entorno insalubre y deshumanizado, lo que genera angustia psicológica.

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Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren and maternal educational practices. Methods: Participants and Setting: 631 mother-child pairs were evaluated in a poor urban district in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2013 and 2014. It integrates a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the consequences of intimate partner violence that occurred during pregnancy, postpartum, and seven years after birth for the physical and mental health of women and their children. Maternal educational practices were assessed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC - mother-child version) and the child's behavioral and emotional disorders through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) mother-version. The association was estimated through crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, using Poisson regression considering the 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of violent maternal educational practices was 91.8% (572/631) being 89.7% (566/631) of psychological aggression and 75.6% of physical aggression, subdivided into corporal punishment (73.5%), physical maltreatment (35.8%) and severe physical maltreatment (1.7%). Corporal punishment (Adjusted PR 1.5; CI 95%: 1.1-2.1; p = 0.010) and severe physical maltreatment (Adjusted PR 1.9; CI 95%: 1.3-2.8; p = 0.002) were associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren. Conclusion: The high prevalence of violent maternal educational practices, especially corporal punishment and severe physical maltreatment is associated with emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Therefore, it is necessary to interventions that promote parental support and effective use of non-violent discipline in conducting the educational process to establish healthier family relationships and to prevent/mitigate the impact of emotional and behavioral problems in children. © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren and maternal educational practices. METHODS: Participants and Setting: 631 mother-child pairs were evaluated in a poor urban district in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2013 and 2014. It integrates a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the consequences of intimate partner violence that occurred during pregnancy, postpartum, and seven years after birth for the physical and mental health of women and their children. Maternal educational practices were assessed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC - mother-child version) and the child's behavioral and emotional disorders through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) mother-version. The association was estimated through crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, using Poisson regression considering the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of violent maternal educational practices was 91.8% (572/631) being 89.7% (566/631) of psychological aggression and 75.6% of physical aggression, subdivided into corporal punishment (73.5%), physical maltreatment (35.8%) and severe physical maltreatment (1.7%). Corporal punishment (Adjusted PR 1.5; CI 95%: 1.1-2.1; p = 0.010) and severe physical maltreatment (Adjusted PR 1.9; CI 95%: 1.3-2.8; p = 0.002) were associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of violent maternal educational practices, especially corporal punishment and severe physical maltreatment is associated with emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Therefore, it is necessary to interventions that promote parental support and effective use of non-violent discipline in conducting the educational process to establish healthier family relationships and to prevent/mitigate the impact of emotional and behavioral problems in children.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To associate caregivers' sense of coherence (SOC) and untreated caries with oral health status in children covered by a dental public health system. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of caregivers/children in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, was surveyed. Caregivers' SOC was evaluated using the 13-question version questionnaire. For both caregivers/children, sociodemographic information was acquired and caries experience was evaluated by DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa index. Statistical associations between children's untreated carious teeth and interest variables from the caregivers were evaluated by binary logistic regression assessed by generalized linear modeling. Results: A total of 233 pairs of caregivers-children were included. Children's untreated permanent and primary carious teeth represented 34.8% and 62.2% of the caries experience, respectively and at least one PUFA/pufa scored tooth was detected in 22.7% of them. Caregivers' DMFT was 13.5±7.0, while 33.6% scored on PUFA. A total of 62.1% of them presented untreated carious lesions. Results from the univariate model, correlating children's untreated caries and caregivers' attributes showed a statistical significance for SOC values (p<0.015), untreated decayed teeth (p<0.035), self-perception of oral health (p<0.022) and oral impact on daily performance (p<0.010). The multivariate logistic first model kept the statistical significance only for the caregiver's untreated decayed teeth. Conclusion: Caregivers' SOC and untreated carious teeth could be used as indicators of dental treatment needs in their offspring.

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Objetivo: descrever experiência de puérperas sobre o contato pele a pele com o recém-nascido na primeira hora após o parto. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram entrevistadas 20 puérperas entre julho e dezembro de 2019. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, com auxílio do software Atlas.ti 9. Resultados: foram desveladas três categorias: Surpreendendo-se com a experiência do contato pele a pele; Sentimentos ambivalentes em relação ao contato pele a pele; e Refletindo sobre ações dos profissionais quanto ao contato pele a pele. Considerações finais: a experiência foi considerada positiva e diferente de experiências anteriores, apesar da insegurança e do acesso limitado a informações desde o pré-natal. O contato pele a pele não implica em gastos adicionais, não oferece riscos para o binômio, proporciona alta qualidade no atendimento, contribuindo para a satisfação da mulher e benefícios à saúde do recém-nascido.

Objetivo: describir la experiencia de las puérperas sobre el contacto piel con piel con el recién nacido en la primera hora después del parto. Método: investigación cualitativa, realizada en el Alojamiento Conjunto del Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Fueron entrevistadas 20 puérperas entre julio y diciembre de 2019. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido, con ayuda del software Atlas.ti 9. Resultados: fueron desveladas tres categorías: Sorprendiéndose con la experiencia del contacto piel a piel; Sentimientos ambivalentes en relación al contacto piel a piel; y reflexionando sobre las acciones de los profesionales en cuanto al contacto piel con piel. Consideraciones finales: la experiencia se consideró positiva y diferente de experiencias anteriores, a pesar de la inseguridad y el acceso limitado a la información desde el prenatal. El contacto piel a piel no implica gastos adicionales, no ofrece riesgos para el binomio, proporciona alta calidad en la atención, contribuyendo para la satisfacción de la mujer y beneficios para la salud del recién nacido.

Objective: to describe experience of puerperal women on skin-to-skin contact with the newborn in the first hour after delivery. Method: qualitative research, carried out in the Joint Accommodation of the Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. 20 puerperal women were interviewed between July and December 2019. Content analysis was used, using the Atlas.ti 9 software. Results: three categories were unveiled: Surprising with the experience of skin-to-skin contact; Ambivalent feelings regarding skin-to-skin contact; and Reflecting on the actions of professionals regarding skin-to-skin contact. Final considerations: the experience was considered positive and different from previous experiences, despite insecurity and limited access to information since prenatal care. Skin-to-skin contact does not imply additional expenses, does not pose risks to the binomial, provides high quality care, contributing to the satisfaction of the woman and health benefits of the newborn.

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