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Una versión preliminar de este texto fue publicada en 2001 en ocasión del estreno del film. Dos décadas después y ante la explosión de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa se presenta una versión ampliada que mantiene sin embargo la tesis original. Se trata de la importancia y vigencia de los mitos para comprender la distancia entre la lógica computacional y lo propio de la condición humana. En esta línea se analiza el film de Spielberg en interlocución con el célebre relato de Carlo Collodi y con los aportes del psicoanálisis para pensar el presente y el futuro de la Inteligencia Artificial

A preliminary version of this text was published in 2001 on the occasion of the film's premiere. Two decades later and given the explosion of Generative Artificial Intelligence, an expanded version is presented that nevertheless maintains the original thesis. It is about the importance and validity of myths to understand the distance between computational logic and the human condition. Along these lines, Spielberg's film is analyzed in dialogue with the famous story by Carlo Collodi and with the contributions of psychoanalysis to think about the present and future of Artificial Intelligence

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OBJECTIVES: To estimate socioeconomic inequalities in the maternal perception of children's oral health from a birth cohort study in Brazil. METHODS: The data from this study were collected through perinatal interviews and at the 48-month follow-up from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. The main outcome was the maternal perception of children's oral health, dichotomized into positive (good/very good) and negative (fair/bad/very bad). The secondary outcome was untreated dental caries (absence and presence, according to the ICDAS index - International Caries Detection and Assessment System). For the statistical analysis, the absolute inequality index (Slope Index of Inequality - SII) and the relative concentration index (Concentration Index - CIX) were used. Analyses were stratified by maternal educational level, family income and wealth index. RESULTS: The prevalence of outcomes was 19.4% (95% CI 18.2; 20.7) for the negative maternal perception of children's oral health and 15.6% (95% CI 14.4; 16.8) for untreated dental caries. Socioeconomics inequalities were observed in negative maternal perception of children's oral health in both absolute and relative terms. A SII of -16.6 (95% CI -20.8; -12.5) was observed for family income, with higher prevalence in poor families. A higher prevalence of the negative maternal perception of children's oral health was observed in mothers without any educational level or a few years of study (CIX -21.1 [95% CI -24.5; -17.7]). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates socioeconomics disparities in the maternal perception of children's oral health and in the prevalence of untreated caries in children. A higher concentration of negative maternal perception of children's oral health was identified among the most socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. The findings reinforce the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in subjective measures about children's oral health.

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This interpretative phenomenological study explored play experiences between mothers who had completed, or were receiving treatment for, breast cancer and their young children and disease-related factors influencing those experiences. Six Puerto Rican mothers who had young children at the time of their primary treatment were interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through constant comparative method. Two themes emerged: (a) "changes and challenges," which contextualized disease-related factors affecting the maternal role; and (b) "play and relationships with children" described play moments and how treatment affected these. Participants emphasized the benefits of playing and relating with their children while in treatment. Play as a co-occupation and an effective means to connect mothers with their children must be considered in the practice of occupational therapy. Future studies with more diverse samples of mothers at different stages of the disease are warranted to expand this exploratory work.

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Abstract Aim: The study aimed to understand the perceptions of mothers about the practice of figure skating by their daughters aged between 8 and 13 years old. Methods: Eight mothers of skaters belonging to a youth competition team were interviewed in a qualitative study, which used narratives as the methodological approach. The interview was structured with open-ended questions and the full transcriptions were analyzed through content analysis. Results: The results of the three categories of analysis - "Skating and competing: the first influences"; "Family models and maternal participation"; and "Behavior of parents in sporting events" - showed that mothers perceived they provide emotional and motivational support during their daughters' sports practice and that they do not exert pressure for results. To not recognize negative behaviors could be negative to the skaters and may be the result of an inconscient mechanism or the need of mothers to have socially accepted behavior. They also stressed anxiety during competitions and reported strategies to cope with it. Thus, it is important to raise awareness of this situation so mothers can have more resources to manage this fragile balance. Conclusions: The way mothers participate in their children's sports life and express their support influences their sports practice; therefore, to understand how mothers perceive their involvement in their daughters' sportive practice is important to develop best practices to guarantee the quality of the interaction between mothers-children and healthy psychological development.

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Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender como mães vivenciaram o isolamento social nos primeiros meses de pandemia da COVID-19 e o impacto em seu cotidiano e perspectivas de futuro. Participaram da pesquisa 20 mulheres de diferentes estratos sociais, com idades entre 29 e 45 anos, que realizavam atividades laborais em homeoffice. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas por meio remoto. O corpus de pesquisa foi constituído pela transcrição na íntegra das entrevistas. Os resultados mostraram que a pandemia impôs mudanças significativas na dinâmica familiar e acarretou sobrecarga nos papéis desempenhados como mães, esposas e profissionais. As participantes se mostraram exaustas com o acúmulo de novas tarefas domésticas e intensificação das demandas de cuidados com filhos. As conclusões sugerem a urgência de dar visibilidade e escuta ao sofrimento psicológico das mulheres, atentando para as questões da sobrecarga de funções, que reverberam na qualidade de vida e do cuidado com os filhos.

This study aimed to understand how mothers experienced social isolation in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on everyday life and future perspectives. Twenty women from different social status, aged between 29 and 45 years, who perfomed homeoffice work activities, participated in the research. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted remotely. The corpus-based research consisted of the full transcription of the interviews. The results showed that the pandemic imposed significant changes in family dynamics and caused an overload in the roles played as mothers, wives and professionals. The participants were exhausted with the accumulation of new domestic chores and intensified demands for childcare. The conclusions suggested the urgency of giving visibility and listening to the psychological suffering of women, addressing the issues of the overload of functions that reverberated in the quality of life and children care.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender cómo las madres experimentaron el aislamiento social en los primeros meses de la pandemia de COVID-19, sus repercusiones en la vida cotidiana y perspectivas futuras. Participaron 20 mujeres de diferentes estratos sociales, con edades entre 29 y 45 años, que realizaban actividades laborales con la modalidade homeoffice. Las entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas se realizaron por medios remotos. El corpus de la investigación consistió en la transcripción de las entrevistas. Los resultados mostraron que la pandemia impuso cambios significativos en la dinámica familiar y provocó una sobrecarga en los papeles desempeñados como madres, esposas y profesionales. Las participantes estaban agotadas por la acumulación de nuevas tareas domésticas y la intensificación de las demandas de cuidado de los niños. Las conclusiones sugieren la urgencia de dar visibilidad y escuchar el sufrimiento psicológico de las mujeres, abordando las cuestiones de sobrecarga de funciones que repercuten en la calidad de vida y del cuidado de los hijos.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Um bebê com malformação (defeito num órgão ou parte do corpo) pode prejudicar o vínculo mãe/bebê. Investigou-se o impacto emocional em mães de recém-nascidos com malformação congênita (MF) externa. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada num instituto de referência em alto risco fetal no RJ, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco mães, no pré-natal e 15 dias após o parto. A análise foi de conteúdo RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Diagnóstico da MF do filho durante a gestação: conflito entre a realidade invisível da malformação e o desejo da normalidade (forma como lidou com a notícia / o que esperar após o nascimento); visibilidade da MF: entre a fantasia e o real (concretização do diagnóstico); ambivalência no vínculo: preconceito e desejo de morte (sentimentos/desejos). CONCLUSÃO: Um bebê com MF externa influencia a formação do vínculo mãe/bebê, sendo necessário capacitar a equipe.

INTRODUCTION: A malformed baby (with defect in an organ or body part) can damage the mother/baby bond. We investigated the emotional impact experienced by mothers of newborns with external congenital malformation (MF). METHOD: Qualitative research carried out in a high fetal risk reference institute in Rio de Janeiro, based on semi-structured interviews with five mothers, in the prenatal and 15 days after delivery. The analysis was content. RESULTS: The diagnosis of the child's MF during pregnancy: the conflict between the invisible reality of the malformation and the desire for normality (how he dealt with the news/what to expect after birth); The visibility of MF: between fantasy and reality (concretion of the diagnosis); ambivalence in the bond: prejudice and death wish (feelings/desires). CONCLUSION: A baby with external MF influences the formation of the mother/baby bond, and it is necessary to train the team.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Un bebé con malformación (defecto en un órgano o parte del cuerpo) puede dañar el vínculo madre/bebé. Se investigó el impacto emocional experimentado por las madres de recién nacidos con malformación congénita (MF) externa. MÉTODO: Investigación cualitativa realizada en un instituto de referencia de alto riesgo fetal en Río de Janeiro, basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco madres, en el prenatal y 15 días después del parto. El análisis fue de contenido. RESULTADOS: Diagnóstico de la MF del hijo durante la gestación: conflicto entre la realidad invisible de la malformación y deseo de la normalidad (cómo manejó las noticias/qué esperar después del nacimiento); Visibilidad de la MF: entre fantasía y real (finalización del diagnóstico); Ambivalencia en vínculo: preconcepto y deseo de muerte (sentimientos/deseos). CONCLUSIÓN: Un bebé con MF externa influye en la formación del vínculo madre/bebé, y es necesario capacitar al equipo.

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Objetivo: verificar a relação da condição de cárie da criança com a experiência autopercebida de cárie da mãe através de um estudo observacional transversal. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas com crianças entre 8 e 11 anos e suas mães. A amostra contou com 105 pares mãe-filho. Os responsáveis responderam um questionário relacionado à situação socioeconômica e demográfica, a mãe respondeu sobre sua saúde bucal: experiência de cárie (restauração ou dente cariado e perda dentária por cárie). Nas crianças os desfechos foram avaliados através de exame clínico com a soma de dentes decíduos e permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (ceod/CPOD) e para severidade de cárie foi utilizado Significant Caries Index (SiC), ceod/CPOD≥3. Para testar a associação entre as variáveis relacionadas à mãe e o desfecho severidade de cárie foi realizado o teste Qui-quadrado, para média de cárie na criança (ceod/CPOD) foi utilizado o Teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Com relação à severidade de cárie não foi encontrada associação estatisticamente significante. A média do ceod/CPOD foi quase três vezes maior nas crianças cujas mães relataram que haviam tido ou estavam com algum dente cariado ou restaurado em função da cárie em comparação àquelas que não relataram esta experiência. As mães mais jovens apresentaram filhos com maior média de cárie do que as mães mais velhas. Conclusão: Entre as crianças atendidas neste serviço existe uma relação de uma maior média de cárie nas crianças com cujas mães tem ou tiveram experiência de cárie e mais jovens.(AU)

Objective: to verify the relationship between the child's caries condition and the mother's self-perceived caries experience through a cross-sectional observational study. Methods: The study was carried out at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pelotas with children between 8 and 11 years old and their mothers. The sample had 105 mother-child pairs. The guardians answered a questionnaire related to the socioeconomic and demographic situation, the mother answered about her oral health: caries experience (restoration or decayed tooth and tooth loss due to caries). In children, the outcomes were evaluated through clinical examination with the sum of decayed, missing and filled deciduous and permanent teeth (DMFT/DMFT) and for caries severity we used the Significant Caries Index (SiC), DMFT/DMFT≥3. To test the association between the variables related to the mother and the outcome of caries severity, the Chi-square test was performed, for mean caries in children (dmft/DMFT) the Mann-Whitney Test was used. Results: Regarding caries severity, no statistically significant association was found. The mean dmft/DMFT was almost three times higher in children whose mothers reported that they had had or had a decayed or restored tooth due to caries compared to those who did not report this experience. Younger mothers had children with a higher average of caries than older mothers. Conclusion: Among the children assisted in this service, there is a relation of a higher average of caries in children whose mothers have or had caries experience and younger.(AU)

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A ansiedade materna é um tema relevante de pesquisa no âmbito da relação mãe-bebê, pois esse sentimento pode trazer repercussões para mãe e o desenvolvimento do bebê. Este estudo de casos múltiplos, de caráter qualitativo, teve como objetivo investigar a ansiedade materna em mães de bebês de seis a 10 meses, buscando identificar sua repercussão na díade mãe-bebê. Os achados demonstraram a presença de complicações na gravidez e no pós-parto e de eventos estressantes durante esses períodos. Em todos os casos analisados, observou-se ansiedade materna na gravidez e nos primeiros cuidados com o bebê. Sentimentos como medo, angústia, dúvidas e preocupações, relatados pelas mães, desencadearam comportamentos ansiosos, refletindo na relação mãe-bebê. A partir dos relatos deste estudo, observa-se a importância do apoio para o empoderamento das mães, para que elas assumam o papel materno com mais confiança. Salienta-se a necessidade de intervenções desde a gestação para o manejo da ansiedade materna, bem como práticas de educação em saúde visando à promoção da saúde mental materno-infantil

Maternal anxiety is an important topic of research regarding the mother-child relationship because this feeling can impact the mother and the baby's development. This qualitative study, of a multiple-case design, aimed to investigate maternal anxiety in mothers of babies aged between six and 10 months, trying to identify its impact on the mother-child dyad. The findings showed the occurrence of complications in pregnancy and the postpartum period and stressful events during these periods. In all analyzed cases, the presence of maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the newborn early care was verified. Feelings such as fear, anguish, doubts, and concerns, reported by mothers, triggered anxious behaviors, reflecting on the mother-baby relationship. From the reports of this study, the importance of support for the empowerment of mothers was observed, so that they can assume the maternal role with more confidence. It points out the need for intervention programs since pregnancy for the management of maternal anxiety, as well as health education practices aiming to promote maternal and child mental health.

La ansiedad materna es un tema relevante de investigación en el ámbito de la relación madre-hijo, ya que este sentimiento puede tener repercusiones en la madre y en el desarrollo del bebé. Este estudio cualitativo, de casos múltiples, investigó la ansiedad materna en madres de niños de seis a 10meses, buscando identificar su impacto en la díada madre-hijo. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de complicaciones en el embarazo y en el posparto, y de eventos estresantes durante estos momentos. En los casos analizados, se observó ansiedad materna durante el embarazo y en el cuidado temprano del bebé. Sentimientos como el miedo, la angustia, las dudas y las preocupaciones, relatados por las madres, desencadenaron comportamientos ansiosos, reflejándose en la relación madre-bebé. A partir de los informes de este estudio se observa la importancia del apoyo para el empoderamiento de las madres, para que asuman ese rol con más confianza. Son necesarias intervenciones desde el embarazo para el tratamiento de la ansiedad materna, así como prácticas de educación con la finalidad de promoción de la salud mental materna y infantil.

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Resumen Objetivos: 1) Identificar y contrastar los síntomas de adicción a los alimentos en preescolares con y sin sobrepeso-obesidad (SP-OB), 2) Identificar y contrastar la frecuencia e intensidad de los antojos por alimentos en preescolares con y sin SP-OB, 3) Identificar factores que determinan el índice de masa corporal (IMC) del preescolar. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, participaron 201 cuidadores. Se aplicó la Escala Adicción a los Alimentos de Yale para Niños (YFAS-C) y Cuestionario Características de Antojos por los Alimentos. Se midió peso y talla del preescolar. Resultados: El coeficiente de fiabilidad Kuder-Richardson de YFAS-C, fue 0.635. El 91% de los cuidadores fueron madres. La media de síntomas de adicción a los alimentos en preescolares con SP-OB fue=0.3488 (n = 43) y sin SP-OB ẋ = 0.3987 (n = 158), U = 3351.00, p ˃ 0.05. Anticipación de refuerzo positivo fue la característica de antojo con la media más alta (ẋ= 9.05, DE = 4.21) y la más baja emociones (ẋ = 2.40, DE = 0.878), no se encontraron diferencias significativas. No se encontró relación entre los síntomas de adicción a los alimentos y el IMC del preescolar. Los antojos contribuyeron al IMC del preescolar, varianza explicada 12.2%. Conclusiones: La escala YFAS-C es la única diseñada para evaluar los síntomas de adicción a los alimentos en niños, sin embargo, en el presente estudio no se identificaron síntomas. Se recomienda continuar explorando este concepto, en este grupo de edad.

Abstract Objective: 1) To identify and to compare the food addiction symptoms of preschoolers with and without overweight-obesity (OW-OB), 2) To identify and to compare the frequency and intensity of food preschoolers cravings with and without overweight-obesity, 3) To identify factors that determine of preschooler BMI. Material and Methods: Descriptive correlational study, participated 201 caregivers. The Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children YFAS-C and Food Cravings Characteristics Questionnaire were applied. Preschooler weight and height were measured. Results: Kuder-Richardson reliability coefficient of YFAS-C was 0.635. A 91% of caregivers were mothers. Food addiction symptoms mean of preschoolers with OW-OB ẋ = 0.3488 (n = 43) and without OW-OB ẋ = 0.3987 (n = 158), U = 3351.00, p ˃ 0.05. The positive reinforcement anticipation was craving characteristic with the highest mean (ẋ = 9.05, SD = 4.21) and the lowest was emotions (ẋ = 2.40, SD = 0.878), no significant differences were found. No relation between food addiction symptoms and preschooler BMI was found. Cravings contributed to the preschool BMI, variance explained 12.2%. Conclusions: The YFAS-C scale is the only one designed to evaluate the food addiction symptoms of children, however none food addiction symptoms were identified. It is recommended to continue exploring this concept in this age group.

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Este estudo buscou descrever como a criança enferma compreende seu adoecimento, tratamento e relação paciente-médico-cuidador em internação pediátrica. Participaram seis crianças hospitalizadas, de oito a 11 anos, que responderam à entrevista semiestruturada e Procedimento Desenho-Estória com Tema (PDE-T), sendo o material gravado, transcrito e submetido à análise qualitativa. O conteúdo revelou o impacto emocional e social do adoecimento e experiência de internação, vista como restritiva e punitiva, mas também como espaço de brincar e se relacionar com os pares. As crianças mostraram pouca participação na relação paciente-médico-cuidador, reconheceram seus médicos como atuantes no tratamento e a mãe, principal cuidadora, como mediadora dessa relação e fonte de apoio psicológico. A partir dos resultados, assinala-se a importância de intervenções psicossociais e multidisciplinares que auxiliem as crianças em suas demandas e favoreçam sua postura ativa nessa relação triádica, tão significativa no processo de cuidado em saúde da criança.

This study aimed to describe how the sick child understands hi illness, treatment and the patient-doctor-caregiver relationship in pediatric hospitalization. Six hospitalized children from eight to 11 years participated, who answered the semi-structured interview and the Desenho-Estória com Tema (PDE-T) procedure, and the material was recorded, transcribed and submitted to qualitative analysis. The content revealed the emotional and social impact of illness and hospitalization experience, seen as restrictive and punitive, but also as a space for playing and relating to peers. The children showed little participation in the patient-doctor-caregiver relationship, acknowledged their doctors' active role in their treatment and their mothers', main caregiver, as a mediator of this relationship and source of psychological support. From the results, is highlighted the importance of psychosocial and multidisciplinary interventions that help children in their demands and favor their active stance in this triadic relationship, so significant in the child's care process.

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