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Screwworm flies are mass-reared and released along the Panama-Colombia border to prevent reinfestation of Central and North America. The cost of the production facility, labor, and diet materials makes mass-rearing the most expensive component of the program. The mass-rearing diet has a large impact on the quality and quantity of insects produced, both of which are necessary for the successful implementation of the sterile insect technique. The diet currently used to rear screwworm flies in Panama contains dried bovine red blood cells, dried bovine plasma, egg powder, milk replacement powder, cellulose (thickening agent), formaldehyde (antimicrobial), and water. Here, we tested an alternative diet containing 2 chicken by-products, which cost less and are locally available, to replace the egg powder and milk replacement powder currently used in the diet. We used 2 screwworm colony strains in our test, the current production strain (Jamaica) and an early female-lethal strain. The chicken diet performed similarly to the production diet with the Jamaica strain, while further optimization will likely be needed for transgenic strain. Finally, nutritional analysis conducted on 7 diet ingredients will assist with diet optimization and the identification of alternative diet ingredients.

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Controlled-release fertilizers have been increasingly used. This study aimed to evaluate and adapt new technologies applied via soil for sustainable coffee production, in order to generate information that contribute to the technical innovation of the crop for the Vale do Ribeira region. The experiment was set at UNESP, in Registro ­ SP. The experimental design was in randomized blocks. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with four replications, with plots of six plants. Four doses (200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1) of a mixed fertilizer 20-05-20 were used, with controlled release in six months, intended for coffee trees in formation and production, compared to the dose of 500 kg ha-1 of the conventional mixed fertilizer 20-05-20, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate with boron, in addition to a control treatment, which did not receive NPK fertilization. The cultivar used was 'Obatã IAC 1669' in 3.0 x 0.6 m spacing. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes of plagiotropic branches, stem diameter, plant height and yield, in two harvest periods, besides the surface chemical characteristic of the soil. Increasing the dose of the slow-release fertilizer leads to greater plant growth; the coffee plant presents a highly responsive behavior to the increase in fertilizer doses in relation to nitrogen, and the use of the slow-release fertilizer Agroblen (20-05-20) 100% and ammonium sulfate + SS + KCl allows greater yield.

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Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relevance for both areas were discussed. This review focused on the common obstacles and peculiarities that each analyte offers (during the sample treatment or the chromatographic separation) throughout the implementation of said methods. A brief description of the techniques which we considered to be more pertinent, commonly used to assay such analytes is provided, including approaches using commonly available detectors (especially in starter labs) as well as mass detection. This manuscript consists of three sections: feed analysis (as the start of the food chain); food destined for human consumption determinations (the end of the food chain); and finally, assays shared by either matrices or laboratories. Analytes discussed consist of both those considered undesirable substances, contaminants, additives, and those related to nutritional quality. Our review is comprised of the examination of polyphenols, capsaicinoids, theobromine and caffeine, cholesterol, mycotoxins, antibiotics, amino acids, triphenylmethane dyes, nitrates/nitrites, ethanol soluble carbohydrates/sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, hydro and liposoluble vitamins. All analytes are currently assayed in our laboratories.

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Suplementos alimentares são indicados quando a ingestão alimentar não supre as necessidades do organismo, situação que ocorre com maior frequência em pacientes com doenças infecciosas e crônicas, cujo gasto energético do organismo aumenta, no entanto o apetite diminui. Este estudo analisou as características sensoriais e nutricionais de sete diferentes marcas de suplementos alimentares completos não balanceados na versão em pó, em seus diversos sabores disponíveis, quatro para adultos e três para crianças, que possuem comercialização em âmbito nacional. A análise sensorial foi realizada por meio de testes afetivos. A análise das informações nutricionais foi realizada confrontando os dados presentes na rotulagem, comparando os produtos entre si. Observou-se grande diferença entre os teores de macro e micronutrientes nos suplementos alimentares estudados, podendo afirmar que os mesmos não são similares entre si. Os suplementos alimentares indicados para a faixa pediátrica apresentaram bom índice de aceitabilidade e são mais doces e saborosos quando comparados aos suplementos alimentares indicados para uso em adultos. Dois produtos não foram considerados bem aceitos em todos os sabores disponíveis. Os sabores chocolate e morango foram os mais bem aceitos e o sabor banana mal aceito entre os provadores.

Dietary supplements are indicated when food intake is less than the nutritional requirement. This situation occurs most frequently in patients with infectious and chronic diseases, which increases the body’s energy expenditure, but appetite decreases. This study examined the sensory and nutritional characteristics of seven different brands of complete unbalanced dietary supplements the powdered version, available in severalflavors, four adults and three children, with marketing nationwide. Sensory analysis was performed by means of affective tests. We evaluated the data of nutritional content present on product labels for analysis of nutritional information. We observed a large difference between the levels of macro and micronutrients in food supplements and can say that they are not similar to each other. Food supplements indicated for pediatric patients had good index of acceptability and are sweeter and flavorful compared to food supplements indicated for use in adults. Two products were not considered well accepted in all flavors available. The chocolate andstrawberry flavors were the best accepted and the banana flavor poorly accepted among tasters.

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Pollen load samples from 10 hives of Apis mellifera (L.) were analyzed based on their physicochemical composition and botanical source, considering color as a parameter for quality control. In seven samples it was possible to establish the occurrence of more than 80 percent of a single pollen type, characterizing them as unifloral but with protein content variation. One of the samples was exclusively composed of saprophytic fungi (Cladosporium sp.). Comparing the mean results of the fungi loads with those of the nutritional components of pollen load, the former presented higher protein, mineral matter and dry matter and lower organic matter, ethereal extract and total carbohydrate values. The monochromatic samples met the physicochemical specifications regulating pollen load quality. The results showed that homogeneous coloration of the pollen load was not found to be a good indication of unifloral pollen, confirming the importance of physicochemical analysis and melissopalynological analysis for characterization of the quality of commercial pollen load.

Amostras de cargas de pólen de 10 colméias de Apis mellifera (L.) foram analisadas quanto a sua composição físico-química e origem botânica, tomando-se a coloração como parâmetro para o controle de qualidade. Em sete amostras foi possível estabelecer a ocorrência de mais de 80 por cento de um único tipo polínico, caracterizando-as como monoflorais, porém com variações nos valores protéicos. Uma das amostras era composta exclusivamente por fungos saprofíticos (Cladosporium sp.). Comparando-se as bolotas de fungos com os resultados médios dos componentes nutricionais das bolotas de pólen, as primeiras apresentaram maior valor protéico, matéria mineral e matéria seca e menores valores de matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo ecarboidratos totais. As amostras monocromáticas estiveram de acordo com as especificações físico-químicas reguladoras da qualidade de pólen apícola. Os resultados demonstram que a coloração homogênea das cargas de pólen não se apresentou como um bom indicativo de pólen monofloral e confirma a importância das análises físico-químicas e melissopalinológicas para a caracterização da qualidade do pólen apícola a ser comercializado.

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